Cultura lúdica e televisão: mediações no contexto escolar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Study on the vulnerability and resilience of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

Caribbean Small Island Developing States are considered to be particularly vulnerable to external shocks that stem from changes in climate and the increase in frequency and magnitude of natural disasters. Quantification of the extent of vulnerability of these islands may be measured by the use of several indices including the Economic Vulnerability Index (EcVI), the Disaster Deficit Index (DDI), the Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). The capacity to build resilience may be measured by the Economic Resilience Index (ERI). Of importance in the measurement of vulnerability and resilience is the impact on women and children. In order to reduce vulnerability and promote resilience, Caribbean SIDS are urged to develop adaptation strategies. Such strategies include the conduct of indepth studies on natural environmental impacts specifically in terms of biophysical and socio economic impacts. It is also necessary to review best practices in terms of preparedness, resilience building and climate change adaptation in other countries such as Cuba. Addressing vulnerability and building resilience requires appropriate information and data and priority should be given to addressing data gaps. It would also be expedient to classify vulnerability and resilience as regional public goods wherein one country’s benefit does not compromise another country’s ability to benefit. Finally, it is important to acknowledge that vulnerability is, in part, is a function of gender so that indicators need to be disaggregated to reflect the country-specific gendered socioeconomic situation.

Gender equality, poverty and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the Caribbean subregion

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are fundamentally a set of eight global goals for the achievement of basic economic and social rights for all, with time-bound targets to be achieved by the year 2015. In adopting the Millennium Declaration in 2000, the member States of the United Nations pledged to “spare no effort to free our fellow men, women and children from the abject and dehumanizing conditions of extreme poverty.”1 The focus of this report is on the progress made by Caribbean countries towards the achievement of Goal 1: the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger; and Goal 3: the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women, and identifies linkages between the two goals.

Culto ao corpo na publicidade: tecnologias para a construção do eu

Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC

Processos comunicacionais em Cajazeirinha: estudo exploratório em Ilhas do Lago da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí

Esta pesquisa aborda processos comunicacionais em uma comunidade amazônica, denominada Cajazeirinha, situada no Lago da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí, no estado do Pará. O objetivo central da investigação foi identificar e analisar os processos comunicacionais das crianças no cotidiano da Cajazeirinha. Esta comunidade tem a especificidade de localizar-se a poucos metros da usina hidrelétrica e, contraditoriamente, não ter acesso ao fornecimento de energia elétrica, o que faz com que a população busque fontes alternativas de eletricidade (bateria de carro, placa solar ou gerador) para, entre outras coisas, utilizar meios de comunicação, como a televisão, o rádio e o celular. Inicialmente, partiu-se do pressuposto de que, para se analisar a comunicação de uma comunidade ou grupo de pessoas é necessário compreender o seu campo de ação e sua constituição, e então observar a realidade de maneira contextualizada, não dissociada no tempo e no espaço. Assim, procurou-se compreender os processos comunicacionais da comunidade, baseando-se nos conceitos teóricos de processos comunicativos de Vera França, processos comunicacionais de José Luiz Braga, no conceito de mediações de Jesús Martín-Barbero e nas bases teóricas dos Estudos de Recepção Latino Americano, a partir das autoras Ana Carolina Escosteguy e Nilda Jacks, além da noção de interação social, de John Thompson. O caminho metodológico trilhado tem como perspectiva a pesquisa exploratória com análise de dados qualitativos, a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas, de entrevistas em profundidade (com crianças, mães e formadores de opinião), da observação não participante sistemática e do diário de campo. O intuito foi identificar e analisar os processos comunicacionais da comunidade Cajazeirinha e mapear os meios de comunicação massivos existentes em Tucuruí e nas ilhas dessa comunidade. Nessa pesquisa, verificou-se que na Cajazeirinha os processos comunicacionais são constituídos a partir de mediações socioculturais, com destaque para a família, a igreja e a escola. Também foram observadas as interações comunicacionais que ocorrem em momentos de lazer e a presença dos meios de comunicação no cotidiano da comunidade, principalmente no que concerne a conteúdos como telenovelas, telejornais e desenhos animados. Por fim, verificou-se que os modos de recepção na Cajazeirinha são permeados por características espaço-temporais locais, por conta do ritmo do rio que determina a vida da comunidade.

TV aberta no Marajó: usos e apropriações pelos moradores da comunidade São Pedro em Breves-Pará-Amazônia

O foco desta pesquisa foi investigar o papel dos meios massivos e suas produções nos processos comunicacionais, a partir da análise dos usos e apropriações dos conteúdos da TV aberta pelos moradores da comunidade São Pedro, em Breves-Marajó-Pará. A partir de estudo de recepção realizado durante três meses, além de visitas anteriores à data oficial das atividades em campo, foi constituído o corpus de análise, que reúne um conjunto de depoimentos dos moradores da comunidade, em que o registro foi feito ora explorando as “deixas simbólicas” a partir da técnica da observação etnográfica da comunicação, ora considerando técnicas como história oral ou grupo focal. Elegeram-se três grupos – crianças, adolescentes e adultos – para que se pudesse comparar e problematizar os resultados da pesquisa no que se refere aos usos e apropriações dos conteúdos dos programas televisivos. Identificou-se que a televisão assume importância religiosa em uma comunidade tradicional católica, mesmo considerando a forte presença de outras mediações. Além disso, os gêneros e formatos televisivos configuram, de forma determinante, os processos comunicacionais de cada grupo investigado. Verificou-se ainda que a telenovela é a programação que atua como elemento comunicacional aglutinador da família, dinamizando não somente o cotidiano dos moradores, mas, incidindo na recepção de outros produtos midiáticos, indicando questões significativas para compreensão do papel dos meios massivos nos processos de comunicação na Amazônia.

Integrated analysis environment for the Movement Assessment Battery for Children

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), a chronic and usually permanent condition found in children, is characterized by motor impairment that interferes with a child's activities of daily living and with academic achievement. One of the most popular tests for the quantitative diagnosis of DCD is the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). Based on the Battery's standardized scores, it is possible to identify children with typical development, children at risk of developing DCD, and children with DCD. This article describes a computational system we developed to assist with the analysis of results obtained in the MABC test. The tool was developed for the web environment and its database provides integration of MABC data. Thus, researchers around the world can share data and develop collaborative work in the DCD field. In order to help analysis processes, our system provides services for filtering data to show more specific sets of information and present the results in textual, table, and graphic formats, allowing easier and more comprehensive evaluation of the results.

Bullying na mídia: percepções de alunos sobre programações televisivas e ações da escola

Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

Correlation between sleep and quality of life in cerebral palsy

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comportamentos de coping no contexto da hospitalização infantil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Manifestações de conteúdos televisivos nas culturas infantis e interpretações das professoras no contexto pré-escolar

Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

Access of children to the oral health service

Dental caries still affect a considerable proportion of children, however the epidemiological profile of oral diseases is changing, social inequalities cause different disease patterns. The same problems occur for the use of services, which damage those who are more susceptible to oral diseases in numerous ways. To verify the association between the variables: socioeconomic condition, oral health and access to dental services providing oral health care for preschool children. The study population consisted of 2,759 children up to 6 years-old. The clinical exams followed the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The data were collected using a self-applied questionnaire, answered by the carers of children, with questions about socioeconomic variables and access to dental services. In terms of social class, a majority of the subjects came from the middle socioeconomic level (babies, 84.7%; children, 82.8%). Babies who had caries, 48.4% and 67.2% of the children that had decayed teeth had access to dental service. There was a association between the variables: the reason for the last dental appointment and the parent's perception of the treatment need of their children (babies p=0.0004 and children p < 0.0001); the parent's perception of the treatment need of their children and the oral health condition (babies p=0.0008 and children p < 0.0001); access to dental services and oral health condition (babies p=0.0021 and children p < 0.0001). The majority of the population studied sought care from public dental service and was from the middle class.

New Business Models And Editorial Exemption: A Study On Service Journalism Based On Ecommerce Operations

The paper presents and discusses business strategies based on the association from journalistic content to new commercial practices in digital media. We describe selected examples from Folha de S. Paulo and El País involving service guides, links and ecommerce advertisements. The employed method provides content analysis to illustrate how the search for new business models in journalism may conduct its commercial activities beyond the conventional sale of advertising and subscriptions, including a discussion on the challenges and implications of this practice. The hypothesis is demonstrated by describing operations for the sale of tickets, books, music, and films related to news features and service journalism contents. The text finally wonders and discusses how such commercial actions may affect editorial autonomy and publishing exemption.

Parental Ethnotheories of Child Development: Looking Beyond Independence and Individualism in American Belief Systems

Over the past several decades, the topic of child development in a cultural context has received a great deal of theoretical and empirical investigation. Investigators from the fields of indigenous and cultural psychology have argued that childhood is socially and historically constructed, rather than a universal process with a standard sequence of developmental stages or descriptions. As a result, many psychologists have become doubtful that any stage theory of cognitive or socialemotional development can be found to be valid for all times and places. In placing more theoretical emphasis on contextual processes, they define culture as a complex system of common symbolic action patterns (or scripts) built up through everyday human social interaction by means of which individuals create common meanings and in terms of which they organize experience. Researchers understand culture to be organized and coherent, but not homogenous or static, and realize that the complex dynamic system of culture constantly undergoes transformation as participants (adults and children) negotiate and re-negotiate meanings through social interaction. These negotiations and transactions give rise to unceasing heterogeneity and variability in how different individuals and groups of individuals interpret values and meanings. However, while many psychologists—both inside and outside the fields of indigenous and cultural psychology–are now willing to give up the idea of a universal path of child development and a universal story of parenting, they have not necessarily foreclosed on the possibility of discovering and describing some universal processes that underlie socialization and development-in-context. The roots of such universalities would lie in the biological aspects of child development, in the evolutionary processes of adaptation, and in the unique symbolic and problem-solving capacities of the human organism as a culture-bearing species. For instance, according to functionalist psychological anthropologists, shared (cultural) processes surround the developing child and promote in the long view the survival of families and groups if they are to demonstrate continuity in the face of ecological change and resource competition, (e.g. Edwards & Whiting, 2004; Gallimore, Goldenberg, & Weisner, 1993; LeVine, Dixon, LeVine, Richman, Leiderman, Keefer, & Brazelton, 1994; LeVine, Miller, & West, 1988; Weisner, 1996, 2002; Whiting & Edwards, 1988; Whiting & Whiting, 1980). As LeVine and colleagues (1994) state: A population tends to share an environment, symbol systems for encoding it, and organizations and codes of conduct for adapting to it (emphasis added). It is through the enactment of these population-specific codes of conduct in locally organized practices that human adaptation occurs. Human adaptation, in other words, is largely attributable to the operation of specific social organizations (e.g. families, communities, empires) following culturally prescribed scripts (normative models) in subsistence, reproduction, and other domains [communication and social regulation]. (p. 12) It follows, then, that in seeking to understand child development in a cultural context, psychologists need to support collaborative and interdisciplinary developmental science that crosses international borders. Such research can advance cross-cultural psychology, cultural psychology, and indigenous psychology, understood as three sub-disciplines composed of scientists who frequently communicate and debate with one another and mutually inform one another’s research programs. For example, to turn to parental belief systems, the particular topic of this chapter, it is clear that collaborative international studies are needed to support the goal of crosscultural psychologists for findings that go beyond simply describing cultural differences in parental beliefs. Comparative researchers need to shed light on whether parental beliefs are (or are not) systematically related to differences in child outcomes; and they need meta-analyses and reviews to explore between- and within-culture variations in parental beliefs, with a focus on issues of social change (Saraswathi, 2000). Likewise, collaborative research programs can foster the goals of indigenous psychology and cultural psychology and lay out valid descriptions of individual development in their particular cultural contexts and the processes, principles, and critical concepts needed for defining, analyzing, and predicting outcomes of child development-in-context. The project described in this chapter is based on an approach that integrates elements of comparative methodology to serve the aim of describing particular scenarios of child development in unique contexts. The research team of cultural insiders and outsiders allows for a look at American belief systems based on a dialogue of multiple perspectives.

Unifying Representations and Responses: Perseverative Biases Arise From a Single Behavioral System

A dominant account of perseverative errors in early development contends that such errors reflect a failure to inhibit a prepotent response. This study investigated whether perseveration might also arise from a failure to inhibit a prepotent representation. Children watched as a toy was hidden at an A location, waited during a delay, and then watched the experimenter find the toy. After six observation-only A trials, the toy was hidden at a B location, and children were allowed to search for the toy. Two- and 4-year-olds’ responses on the B trials were significantly biased toward A even though they had never overtly responded to this location. Thus, perseverative biases in early development can arise as a result of prepotent representations, demonstrating that the prepotent-response account is incomplete. We discuss three alternative interpretations of these results, including the possibility that representational and response-based biases reflect the operation of a single, integrated behavioral system.