La Segunda Guerra Mundial en el NO-DO (1943-1945)

El presente trabajo pretende contribuir al conocimiento de la cobertura y tratamiento informativo que el Noticiario Cinematográfico Español de NO-DO dio a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el acontecimiento histórico durante el cual fue creado el noticiario oficial, encargado de vehicular la propaganda audiovisual del gobierno franquista, durante unos años que fueron clave para el afianzamiento interior y exterior del Nuevo Estado surgido de la Guerra Civil. NO-DO fue creado por la Orden de 17 de diciembre de 1942, que configuró un medio de comunicación cinematográfica en régimen de exclusividad, obligatoriedad y onerosidad; pero a pesar de la naturaleza estatal del Noticiario, sus contenidos fueron sometidos al control externo llevado a cabo tanto por la Vicesecretaría de Educación Popular, de la cual dependía, como por la Delegación Nacional de Propaganda, como paso previo al sometimiento de las ediciones a la preceptiva censura. En todo caso, NO-DO fue un noticiario privilegiado en su época, porque estuvo en disposición de ofrecer al público español información rodada por uno y otro bando, y mientras se estaba librando la guerra. La cobertura que NO-DO dio a la Segunda Guerra Mundial fue comparativamente superior a la dedicada a cualquier otro tema, nacional o internacional, durante el trienio 1943-1945; e incidió en una mayor duración de las ediciones correspondientes de este periodo, respecto al metraje medio que se consolidó en los años siguientes. El tratamiento informativo evolucionó desde una clara tendencia germanófila, pasando por la paulatina moderación a medida que se confirmó el repliegue de las tropas Eje en los diversos frentes de batalla y se intensificaron las presiones de Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaña para que el gobierno franquista ofreciera muestras de un cambio real en sus políticas exterior y comunicativa; para terminar incorporando un discurso pro-aliado, de modo que la fase final de la contienda mundial y los primeros meses de la posguerra fueron narrados por los vencedores. El cambio de orientación ideológica en el tratamiento informativo de la guerra no fue drástico, sino gradual y con tempos e intensidad diversos dependiendo del frente de batalla...

Integración académica del alumnado universitario internacional de la UA: la perspectiva del profesorado

Es un hecho que la universidad tiende cada día más a la internacionalización, especialmente a través de los convenios que posibilitan el intercambio del alumnado y el profesorado. La integración académica de los estudiantes internacionales es imprescindible para sacar el máximo rendimiento a su estancia en nuestras aulas, para lo cual se han de cumplir unos requisitos que afectan a la competencia lingüística, al conocimiento de las materias y al de las rutinas académicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la visión del profesorado acerca de la presencia de alumnado extranjero en sus clases y averiguar cuáles son los retos a los que se enfrenta, tanto en la comunicación con ellos como en la evaluación de su trabajo. Nuestros informantes han sido 23 profesores del Dpto. de Filología Española con alumnado internacional, de quienes hemos recabado información a través de cuestionarios. Analizamos con detalle los datos obtenidos en el apartado de resultados. Una de las conclusiones a las que llegamos es la conveniencia de llevar a la práctica una Guía académica para el alumnado extranjero con información específica sobre las asignaturas y la docencia, desde la perspectiva de un no nativo de la lengua vehicular en que se imparten.

Optimizing the performance of catalytic traps for hydrocarbon abatement during the cold-start of a gasoline engine

A key target to reduce current hydrocarbon emissions from vehicular exhaust is to improve their abatement under cold-start conditions. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of factorial analysis to design a highly efficient catalytic trap. The impact of the synthesis conditions on the preparation of copper-loaded ZSM-5 is clearly revealed by XRD, N2 sorption, FTIR, NH3-TPD, SEM and TEM. A high concentration of copper nitrate precursor in the synthesis improves the removal of hydrocarbons, providing both strong adsorption sites for hydrocarbon retention at low temperature and copper oxide nanoparticles for full hydrocarbon catalytic combustion at high temperature. The use of copper acetate precursor leads to a more homogeneous dispersion of copper oxide nanoparticles also providing enough catalytic sites for the total oxidation of hydrocarbons released from the adsorption sites, although lower copper loadings are achieved. Thus, synthesis conditions leading to high copper loadings jointly with highly dispersed copper oxide nanoparticles would result in an exceptional catalytic trap able to reach superior hydrocarbon abatement under highly demanding operational conditions.

La literatura: una aproximació a Jaume I a través dels projectes

En aquest article analitzem les possibilitats de la metodologia del treball per projectes, vinculats a aspectes culturals per a l’ensenyament de la literatura. El nostre estudi parteix d’un projecte dut a terme en un centre de l’Horta Sud. El nostre objectiu és donar a conèixer la importància del rei Jaume I i aproximar la literatura als joves valencians a través de la festa del 9 d’Octubre. El nostre és un integral en què totes les àrees treballaran conjuntament durant dues setmanes i mitja en una franja horària determinada. Aquest treball és destinat al curs de segon d’ESO d’un centre amb un nivell socioeconòmic mitjà-alt i on la llengua vehicular és el valencià.

El aprendizaje cooperativo con el uso de nuevas tecnologías. Aplicación transversal en las asignaturas de Urbanismo de los estudios de Arquitectura

La enseñanza y el aprendizaje en materias de Urbanismo con una segunda lengua vehicular —en este caso en inglés—, suponen retos en cuanto a las metodologías y estrategias pedagógicas. El objetivo de esta investigación es reconocer dichos retos a partir de la puesta en común de la experiencia docente y discente de la reciente oferta de un grupo en inglés, dentro del contexto de las asignaturas obligatorias de Urbanismo del Grado en Arquitectura y del Grado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectura de la Universidad de Alicante. Así, se define un marco de reflexión en torno a, principalmente, tres cuestiones. Por una parte, identificar cuál es la motivación del alumnado para cursar asignaturas de Urbanismo en inglés; por otra parte, averiguar cuáles son las expectativas que se presentan de cara al inicio del curso tanto por parte del profesorado como de los estudiantes y, por último, poner de manifiesto los logros y dificultades detectadas tras la experiencia.

La Enseñanza en Inglés de las Asignaturas de Urbanismo en Arquitectura de la Universidad de Alicante

La enseñanza y el aprendizaje en materias de Urbanismo con una segunda lengua vehicular —en este caso en inglés—, suponen retos en cuanto a las metodologías y estrategias pedagógicas. El objetivo de esta investigación es reconocer dichos retos a partir de la puesta en común de la experiencia docente y discente de la reciente oferta de un grupo en inglés, dentro del contexto de las asignaturas obligatorias de Urbanismo del Grado en Arquitectura y del Grado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectura de la Universidad de Alicante. Así, se define un marco de reflexión en torno a, principalmente, tres cuestiones. Por una parte, identificar cuál es la motivación del alumnado para cursar asignaturas de Urbanismo en inglés; por otra parte, averiguar cuáles son las expectativas que se presentan de cara al inicio del curso tanto por parte del profesorado como de los estudiantes y, por último, poner de manifiesto los logros y dificultades detectadas tras la experiencia.

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Includes index.

Factors supporting the non-persistence of fruit fly populations in South Australia

For purposes of interstate and international fruit trade, it is necessary to demonstrate that in areas in which fruit fly species have not previously established permanent populations, but which are subject to introductions of fruit flies from outside the area, the introduced population once detected, has not become established. In this paper, we apply methodology suggested mainly by Carey (1991, 1995) to introductions of Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata Weid., and Queensland fruit fly (QFF) Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt (Diptera: Tephritidae) to South Australia, a state in which these species do not occur naturally and in which introductions, once detected, are actively treated. By analysing historical data associated with fruit fly outbreaks in South Australia, we demonstrate that: (i) fruit flies occur seasonally, as would occur in established populations, except there is no evidence of the critical spring generation of either species; (ii) there is no evidence of increasing frequency of outbreaks, trapped flies or larval occurrences over 29 years; (iii) there is no evidence of decreasing time between catches of adult flies as the years progress; (iv) there is no decrease in the mean number of years between outbreaks in the same locations; (v) there is no statistically significant recurrence of outbreaks in the same locations in successive years; (vi) there is no evidence of spread of outbreaks outwards from a central location; (vii) the likelihood of outbreaks in a city or town is related to the size of the human population; (viii) introduction pathways by road from Western Australia (for Medfly) and eastern Australia (for QFF) are shown to exist and to illegally or accidentally carry considerable amounts of fruit into South Australia; and (ix) there was no association between the numbers of either Queensland fruit fly or Medfly and the spatial pattern of either loquat or cumquat trees as sources of larval food in spring. This analysis supports the hypothesis that most fruit fly outbreaks in South Australia have been the result of separate introductions of infested fruit by vehicular traffic and that most of the resultant fly outbreaks were detected and died out within a few weeks of the application of eradication procedures. An alternative hypothesis, that populations of fruit flies are established in South Australia at below detectable levels, is impossible to disprove with conventional technology, but the likelihood of it being true is minimised by our analysis. Both hypotheses could be tested soon with newly developed genetic techniques.

Efficient Multi-hop Broadcast Data Dissemination in IoT and Smart Cities

Internet of Things (IoT) can be defined as a “network of networks” composed by billions of uniquely identified physical Smart Objects (SO), organized in an Internet-like structure. Smart Objects can be items equipped with sensors, consumer devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, or wearable devices), and enterprise assets that are connected both to the Internet and to each others. The birth of the IoT, with its communications paradigms, can be considered as an enabling factor for the creation of the so-called Smart Cities. A Smart City uses Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to enhance quality, performance and interactivity of urban services, ranging from traffic management and pollution monitoring to government services and energy management. This thesis is focused on multi-hop data dissemination within IoT and Smart Cities scenarios. The proposed multi-hop techniques, mostly based on probabilistic forwarding, have been used for different purposes: from the improvement of the performance of unicast protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to the efficient data dissemination within Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs).

Pathways utilized by heavy metal pollutants in urban stormwater runoff

The research concerned the assessment of the pathways utilized by heavy metal pollutants in urban stormwater runoff. A separately sewered urban residential catchment of approximately 107 hectares in Chelmsley Wood, north-east Birmingham was the subject of the field investigation. The catchment area, almost entirely residential, had no immediate industrial heavy metal input, however, industry was situated to the north of the catchment. The perimeter of the catchment was bounded by the M6 motorway on the northern and eastern sides and was believed to contribute to aerial deposition. Metal inputs to the ground surface were assumed to be confined to normal suburban activities, namely, aerial deposition, vehicular activity and anthropological activities. A programme of field work was undertaken over a 12 month period, from July 1983 to July 1984. Monthly deposition rates were monitored using a network of deposit cannisters and roadside sediment and soil samples were taken. Stormwater samples were obtained for 19 separate events. All samples were analysed for iron, lead, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel and cadmium content. Rainfall was recorded on site with additional meteorological data obtained from local Meteorological Offices. Use was made of a simple conceptual model designed for the catchment to substantiate hypotheses derived from site investigations and literature, to investigate the pathways utilized for the transportation of heavy metals throughout the catchment.

Rough-terrain groundspeed measurement:a radar-based commercial solution

Off-highway motive plant equipment is costly in capital outlay and maintenance. To reduce these overheads and increase site safety and workrate, a technique of assessing and limiting the velocity of such equipment is required. Due to the extreme environmental conditions met on such sites, conventional velocity measurement techniques are inappropriate. Ogden Electronics Limited were formed specifically to manufacture a motive plant safety system incorporating a speed sensor and sanction unit; to date, the only such commercial unit available. However, problems plague the reliability, accuracy and mass production of this unit. This project assesses the company's exisiting product, and in conjunction with an appreciation of the company history and structure, concludes that this unit is unsuited to its intended application. Means of improving the measurement accuracy and longevity of this unit, commensurate with the company's limited resources and experience, are proposed, both for immediate retrofit and for longer term use. This information is presented in the form of a number of internal reports for the company. The off-highway environment is examined; and in conjunction with an evaluation of means of obtaining a returned signal, comparisons of processing techniques, and on-site gathering of previously unavailable data, preliminary designs for an alternative product are drafted. Theoretical aspects are covered by a literature review of ground-pointing radar, vehicular radar, and velocity measuring systems. This review establishes and collates the body of knowledge in areas previously considered unrelated. Based upon this work, a new design is proposed which is suitable for incorporation into the existing company product range. Following production engineering of the design, five units were constructed, tested and evaluated on-site. After extended field trials, this design has shown itself to possess greater accuracy, reliability and versatility than the existing sensor, at a lower unit cost.

Adaptive rate control of dedicated short range communications based vehicle networks for road safety applications

Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) is a promising technique for vehicle ad-hoc network (VANET) and collaborative road safety applications. As road safety applications require strict quality of services (QoS) from the VANET, it is crucial for DSRC to provide timely and reliable communications to make safety applications successful. In this paper we propose two adaptive message rate control algorithms for low priority safety messages, in order to provide highly available channel for high priority emergency messages while improve channel utilization. In the algorithms each vehicle monitors channel loads and independently controls message rate by a modified additive increase and multiplicative decrease (AIMD) method. Simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed rate control algorithms in adapting to dynamic traffic load.

Effect of the base station antenna beam tilting on energy consumption in cellular networks

The objective of this paper is to combine the antenna downtilt selection with the cell size selection in order to reduce the overall radio frequency (RF) transmission power in the homogeneous High-Speed Packet Downlink (HSDPA) cellular radio access network (RAN). The analysis is based on the concept of small cells deployment. The energy consumption ratio (ECR) and the energy reduction gain (ERG) of the cellular RAN are calculated for different antenna tilts when the cell size is being reduced for a given user density and service area. The results have shown that a suitable antenna tilt and the RF power setting can achieve an overall energy reduction of up to 82.56%. Equally, our results demonstrate that a small cell deployment can considerably reduce the overall energy consumption of a cellular network.

Practical network coding for two way relay channels in LTE networks

In this paper, the implementation aspects and constraints of the simplest network coding (NC) schemes for a two-way relay channel (TWRC) composed of a user equipment (mobile terminal), an LTE relay station (RS) and an LTE base station (eNB) are considered in order to assess the usefulness of the NC in more realistic scenarios. The information exchange rate gain (IERG), the energy reduction gain (ERG) and the resource utilization gain (RUG) of the NC schemes with and without subcarrier division duplexing (SDD) are obtained by computer simulations. The usefulness of the NC schemes are evaluated for varying traffic load levels, the geographical distances between the nodes, the RS transmit powers, and the maximum numbers of retransmissions. Simulation results show that the NC schemes with and without SDD, have the throughput gains 0.5% and 25%, the ERGs 7 - 12% and 16 - 25%, and the RUGs 0.5 - 3.2%, respectively. It is found that the NC can provide performance gains also for the users at the cell edge. Furthermore, the ERGs of the NC increase with the transmit power of the relay while the ERGs of the NC remain the same even when the maximum number of retransmissions is reduced.

Energy efficient radio access architectures for green radio:large versus small cell size deployment

In this paper new architectural approaches that improve the energy efficiency of a cellular radio access network (RAN) are investigated. The aim of the paper is to characterize both the energy consumption ratio (ECR) and the energy consumption gain (ECG) of a cellular RAN when the cell size is reduced for a given user density and service area. The paper affirms that reducing the cell size reduces the cell ECR as desired while increasing the capacity density but the overall RAN energy consumption remains unchanged. In order to trade the increase in capacity density with RAN energy consumption, without degrading the cell capacity provision, a sleep mode is introduced. In sleep mode, cells without active users are powered-off, thereby saving energy. By combining a sleep mode with a small-cell deployment architecture, the paper shows that the ECG can be increased by the factor n = (R/R) while the cell ECR continues to decrease with decreasing cell size.