Investigation of the effect of combustor cooling geometry on acoustic energy absorption

To control combustion instabilities occurring in LPP gas turbine combustors, several active and passive systems have been developed in recent years. The combustion chamber cooling geometry has the potential to influence instability feedback loops by absorbing acoustical energy inside the combustor. The design of the cooling liner and the geometry of the cooling plenum and the cooling air flow rate have a significant influence on the absorption characteristics of the system. This paper presents the results of a cold flow study which was carried out in the course of a comprehensive study on the influence of the cooling geometry on combustor thermoacoustics. Absorption characteristics of three different cooling liner geometries and non-perforated plates were determined over a frequency range from 50 Hz to 600 Hz for different cooling flow rates and different cooling plenum volumes. The experimental results compared well with results from a low order thermoacoustic network model. The acoustic energy absorption spectrum of a cooling liner with 90°-hole configuration was found to be strongly dependent on cooling flow rate and cooling plenum volume, whereas the absorption spectrum of cooling liners with 25°-holes were found to be strongly dependent on the cooling plenum volume, but less dependent on the cooling air flow rate. All cooling liner setups with perforations were capable of increased acoustic absorption over a broad band of frequencies compared to the case of non-perforated combustor walls. © 2010 by Johannes Schmidt.

Physical and numerical modeling of horizontal gas-hydrate wells

Methane hydrate, which is usually found under deep seabed or permafrost zones, is a potential energy resource for future years. Depressurization of horizontalwells bored in methane hydrate layer is considered as one possible method for hydrate dissociation and methane extraction from the hosting soil. Since hydrate is likely to behave as a bonding material to sandy soils, supported well construction is necessary to avoid wellcollapse due to the loss of the apparent cohesion during depressurization. This paper describes both physical and numerical modeling of such horizontal support wells. The experimental part involves depressurization of small well models in a large pressure cell, while the numerical part simulates the corresponding problem. While the experiment models simulate only gas saturated initial conditions, the numerical analysis simulates both gas-saturated and more realistic water-saturated conditions based on effective stress coupled flow-deformation formulation of these three phases. © 2006 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

鱼类品种改良的遗传和发育基础研究的现状和将来

<正>1国内外研究现状和发展趋势1.1总体概况与2000多年悠久的养鱼历史相比,我国较大规模开展鱼类遗传育种研究的历史仅有20多年。研究历史虽短,起步虽然远远落后于发达国家,但传统产业与现代生命科学的结合,特别是20世纪80年代以后与细胞工程和基因工程等高新生物技术的结合,使这一研究领域很快出现生机。短短

巢湖富营养化对河蚬和环棱螺分布及种群密度影响

2001年9月和2002年9月两次对巢湖河蚬和环棱螺的调查表明,在富营养化程度较重的西湖区,河蚬生物量分别为17.87和47.29g.m-2;环棱螺生物量分别为45.45和12.56g.m-2.而在富营养化程度较轻的东湖区,河蚬的生物量分别为67.86和96.18g.m-2;环棱螺的生物量分别为32.00和31.21g.m-2.河蚬和环棱螺的种群密度和生物量均随水体富营养化的加剧而下降.近岸带河蚬和环棱螺的密度和生物量明显高于敞水区.河蚬的分布型为核心型,而环棱螺更接近随机性分布.河蚬和环棱螺的种群密度和

鞭毛虫的扫描电镜样品制备

针对鞭毛虫样品制备中的难点,以Bodomorphaminima ,Hollande 1942为材料,对一类个体微小的异养性鞭毛虫的扫描电镜样品的制备做了初步探讨。以载玻片为载体,0 .1%的多聚赖氨酸为粘附剂,2 %的戊二醛为固定剂,采用临界点法干燥,获得了较为满意的扫描电镜照片。该技术可简化样品制备步骤,减少样品损失,对于其他原生动物样品和游离细胞样品扫描电镜的制备也有积极的借鉴意义。

Substrate treatment and drying conditions effect on the properties of roll-to-roll gravure printed PEDOT:PSS thin films

The optical, structural and electrical properties of poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films printed by roll-to-roll gravure have been investigated. Corona treatment has been applied to enhance the adhesion of PEDOT:PSS on PolyEthylene Terephthalate (PET) web. It has been found that there was a stronger in-depth surface modification of PET with the increase of corona efficiency; however, the adhesion of PEDOT:PSS was not actually affected. Also, Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Atomic Force Microscopy have been used to extract information on the mechanisms that define PEDOT:PSS properties. The increase of the drying temperature of the PEDOT:PSS films has been found to reduce the remaining water inside the films and lead to the decrease of the PEDOT:PSS particles size. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Photosynthetic physiology and growth as a function of colony size in the cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaeroides

Algal size can affect the rate of metabolism and of growth. Different sized colonies of Nostoc sphaeroides were used with the aim of determining the effects of colony size on photosynthetic physiology and growth. Small colonies showed higher maximum photosynthetic rates per unit chlorophyll, higher light saturation point, and higher photosynthetic efficiency (a) than large colonies. Furthermore, small colonies had a higher affinity for DIC and higher DIC-saturated photosynthetic rates. In addition, small colonies showed higher photosynthetic rates from 5-45degreesC than large colonies. There was a greater decrease in Fv/Fm after exposure to high irradiance and less recovery in darkness for large colonies than for small colonies. Relative growth rate decreased with increasing colony size. Small colonies had less chl a and mass per unit surface area. The results indicate that small colonies can harvest light and acquire DIC more efficiently and have higher maximum photosynthetic rates and growth rates than large colonies.

Hillocks and hexagonal pits in a thick film grown by HVPE

A GaN film with a thickness of 250 mu m was grown on a GaN/sapphire template in a vertical hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) reactor. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values of the film were 141 and 498 arcsec for the (0 0 2) and (1 0 2) reflections, respectively. A sharp band-edge emission with a FWHM of 20 meV at 50 K was observed, which corresponded to good crystalline quality of the film. Some almost circular-shaped hillocks located in the spiral growth center were found on the film surface with dimensions of 100 mu m, whose origin was related to screw dislocations and micropipes. Meanwhile, large hexagonal pits also appeared on the film surface, which had six triangular {1 0 (1) over bar 1} facets. The strong emission in the pits was dominated by an impurity-related emission at 377 nm, which could have been a high-concentration oxygen impurity. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Proof of solid state cathodoluminescence by using brightness waveform

Three different inorganic-organic hetero-junctions (A : ITO/SiO2/Alq(3)/Al, B: ITO/Alq3/SiO2/Al and C: ITO/SiO2/Alq(3)/ SiO2/Al) were fabricated. The emission can be observed only under positive bias in devices A and B, but under both biases in device C according to their brightness waveforms. With increasing voltage, the increase in blue emission in devices B and C is faster than that in green emission. This is because that the recombination of hot electrons and holes, i.e., electron-hole pairs, produced blue emission in devices B and C, and the recombination of electrons injected from Al with the accumulated holes, which are excited by hot electrons, produced green emission in device A. Hence, the emissions of the devices are attributed to not only the recombination of electrons and accumulated holes, but also the cathodoluminescence-like (CL-like) emission.