Radiocarbon dates, grain size measurements and selected foraminifera analysis from sediment cores AvH248260-2 and AvH248260-1, Ameralik Fjord, SW Greenland

Sedimentological and geochemical (XRF) data together with information from diatom and benthic foraminiferal records of a 3.5 m long gravity core from Ameralik Fjord, southern West Greenland, is used for reconstructing late-Holocene environmental changes in this area. The changes are linked to large-scale North Atlantic ocean and climate variability. AMS 14C-dating of benthic foraminifera indicates that the sediment core records the last 4400 years and covers the termination of the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM). The late HTM (4.4 3.2 ka BP) is characterized by high accumulation rates of fine (silty) sediments related to strong meltwater discharge from the Inland Ice. The HTM benthic foraminiferal fauna demonstrates the presence of well-ventilated, saline bottom water originating from inflow of subsurface West Greenland Current water of Atlantic (Irminger Sea) origin. The hydrographic conditions were further characterized by limited sea ice probably related to a mild and relatively windy winter climate. After 3.2 ka BP lower fine-grained sedimentation rates, but a larger input from sea-ice rafted or aeolian coarse material prevailed. This can be related to colder atmospheric conditions with a decreased meltwater discharge and more widespread sea-ice cover in the fjord.

Global database of surface ocean particulate organic carbon export fluxes diagnosed from the 234Th technique

Through the processes of the biological pump, carbon is exported to the deep ocean in the form of dissolved and particulate organic matter. There are several ways by which downward export fluxes can be estimated. The great attraction of the 234Th technique is that its fundamental operation allows a downward flux rate to be determined from a single water column profile of thorium coupled to an estimate of POC/234Th ratio in sinking matter. We present a database of 723 estimates of organic carbon export from the surface ocean derived from the 234Th technique. Data were collected from tables in papers published between 1985 and 2013 only. We also present sampling dates, publication dates and sampling areas. Most of the open ocean Longhurst provinces are represented by several measurements. However, the Western Pacific, the Atlantic Arctic, South Pacific and the South Indian Ocean are not well represented. There is a variety of integration depths ranging from surface to 220m. Globally the fluxes ranged from -22 to 125 mmol of C/m**2/d. We believe that this database is important for providing new global estimate of the magnitude of the biological carbon pump.

(Table 2) Protein and fibre content of important food plants of barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) in Adventdalen

Goose grazing on arctic tundra vegetation has shown both positive and negative effects on subsequent foraging conditions. To understand the potential of a density-dependent feedback on herbivore population size, the relation between grazing pressure and future foraging conditions is essential. We studied the effect of increasing grazing pressure of barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) on Spitsbergen. During the establishment of a breeding colony in the period 1992-2004, the proportion of graminoids decreased in the diet of wild geese, while the percentage of mosses increased. Grazing trials with captive geese in an unexploited area showed a similar shift in diet composition. High-quality food plants were depleted within years and over years. Intake rate declined too and as consequence, metabolisable energy intake rate (MEIR) decreased rapidly with increasing grazing pressure. During three successive years of experimental grazing, MEIR decreased at all levels of grazing pressure and declined below minimal energetic requirements when grazing exceeded natural levels of grazing pressure. This suggests that foraging conditions rapidly decline with increasing grazing pressure in these low-productive habitats. The potential for density-dependent feedbacks on local population increase is discussed.

Sedimentologic and magnetic data of sediment cores on the western slope of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

The relative paleointensity (RPI) method assumes that the intensity of post depositional remanent magnetization (PDRM) depends exclusively on the magnetic field strength and the concentration of the magnetic carriers. Sedimentary remanence is regarded as an equilibrium state between aligning geomagnetic and randomizing interparticle forces. Just how strong these mechanical and electrostatic forces are, depends on many petrophysical factors related to mineralogy, particle size and shape of the matrix constituents. We therefore test the hypothesis that variations in sediment lithology modulate RPI records. For 90 selected Late Quaternary sediment samples from the subtropical and subantarctic South Atlantic Ocean a combined paleomagnetic and sedimentological dataset was established. Misleading alterations of the magnetic mineral fraction were detected by a routine Fe/kappa test (Funk, J., von Dobeneck, T., Reitz, A., 2004. Integrated rock magnetic and geochemical quantification of redoxomorphic iron mineral diagenesis in Late Quaternary sediments from the Equatorial Atlantic. In: Wefer, G., Mulitza, S., Ratmeyer, V. (Eds.), The South Atlantic in the Late Quaternary: reconstruction of material budgets and current systems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York/Tokyo, pp. 239-262). Samples with any indication of suboxic magnetite dissolution were excluded from the dataset. The parameters under study include carbonate, opal and terrigenous content, grain size distribution and clay mineral composition. Their bi- and multivariate correlations with the RPI signal were statistically investigated using standard techniques and criteria. While several of the parameters did not yield significant results, clay grain size and chlorite correlate weakly and opal, illite and kaolinite correlate moderately to the NRM/ARM signal used here as a RPI measure. The most influential single sedimentological factor is the kaolinite/illite ratio with a Pearson's coefficient of 0.51 and 99.9% significance. A three-member regression model suggests that matrix effects can make up over 50% of the observed RPI dynamics.

How Do Second-Generation Immigrant Students Access Higher Education? The Importance of Vocational Routes to Higher Education in Switzerland, France, and Germany

We analyse the access to different institutional pathways to higher education for second-generation students, focusing on youths that hold a higher-education entrance certificate. The alternative vocational pathway appears to compensate to some degree, compared to the traditional academic one, for North-African and Southern-European youths in France, those from Turkey in Germany, and to a lesser degree those from Portugal, Turkey, Ex-Yugoslavia, Albania/Kosovo in Switzerland. This is not the case in Switzerland for Western-European, Italian, and Spanish youths who indeed access higher education via the academic pathway more often than Swiss youths. Using youth panel and survey data, multinomial models are applied to analyse these pathway choices.

Die Komposition der pompejanischen Wandgemälde, mit 38 Abbildungen im Text.

"Die folgenden Untersuchungen haben im Sommer ... 1908 ... der Universität Halle in lateinischer Sprache als Doktordissertation vorgelegen, und ihre drei ersten Kapital sind unter dem Titel 'Qua ratione pictores Pompeiani in componendis parietibus usi sint' als Dissertation gedruckt worden."--Vorwort.

The Holy Kinship

Geertgen tot Sint Jans; 4 ft. 6 1/64 in.x 3 ft. 5 21/32 in.; oil on panel

The Adoration of the Magi

Geertgen tot Sint Jans; 3 ft. 1/16 in.x 2 ft. 4 17/64 in.; oil on panel

Thomas à Kempis and the Brothers of common life.

Mode of access: Internet.

[Commentariorum Aeneae Sylvii Piccolominei Senensis, de Concilio Basileae celebrato libri duo, olim quidem scripti, nunc vero primum impressi, in quibus sic illam synodum depingit, sic quicquid illic actum est, bona fide refert ... cum multis aliis nunquam antehac impressis ...]

Incluye: Vita Henrici quarti Caesaris Augusti ... ; Oratio excusatoria ... regi Vladislao ad Ungariam missa ; Articuli Johannis Wiclephi Angli, impugnati a Wilhelmus Widefordus ; Articuli Johannis Wiclephi Angli, damnati per Concilium Constantiense ; Rationes et motiva, ac reprobationes articulorum Wiclephi, et sequacis sui Ioannis Huss, in Concilio Constantiensi damnatorum ; Quonam pacto doctrina Johannis Wiclephi in Bohemiam venerit ... ex historia Bohemorum, cuius author fuit Aeneas Sylvius ; Leonardo Areteni ... adversum hypocritas libellus ; Synodus Aribonis Archiepiscopi Moguntini, cum Coepiscopis ac Abbatibus suis, anno Domini MXXIII apud Saligunstat celebrata ; Quomodo Bohemi vocati, productique sint ad Basiliensem synodum oecumenicam ... commentariis compendio relatum ; Examen magistrale ac theologicale doctoris Ioannis de VVesalia ... ; Sententia damnationis doctrinae Johannis Wiclephi ...

Opere del proposto Lodovico Antonio Muratori... : tomo decimo: parte prima.

De ingeniorum moderatione in religionis negotio; Ubi quae jura, quae frena futura sint homini christiano in inquirienda...; Sanctus Augustinus vindicatur a multiplici censura Joannis Phereponi; Opus ab auctore olim recensuit et auctum...

Food and health expenditure patterns in urban and rural Ecuador : analysis of household budget survey data /

"July 1, 1984."