Wincanton Group v Stone 2012

Case law report - online

The effect of slow passage in the pulse-pumped quantum dot laser

In recent years, quantum-dot (QD) semiconductor lasers attract significant interest in many practical applications due to their advantages such as high-power pulse generation because to the high gain efficiency. In this work, the pulse shape of an electrically pumped QD-laser under high current is analyzed. We find that the slow rise time of the pulsed pump may significantly affect the high intensity output pulse. It results in sharp power dropouts and deformation of the pulse profile. We address the effect to dynamical change of the phase-amplitude coupling in the proximity of the excited state (ES) threshold. Under 30ns pulse pumping, the output pulse shape strongly depends on pumping amplitude. At lower currents, which correspond to lasing in the ground state (GS), the pulse shape mimics that of the pump pulse. However, at higher currents the pulse shape becomes progressively unstable. The instability is greatest when in proximity to the secondary threshold which corresponds to the beginning of the ES lasing. After the slow rise stage, the output power sharply drops out. It is followed by a long-time power-off stage and large-scale amplitude fluctuations. We explain these observations by the dynamical change of the alpha-factor in the QD-laser and reveal the role of the slowly rising pumping processes in the pulse shaping and power dropouts at higher currents. The modeling is in very good agreement with the experimental observations. © 2014 SPIE.

Laminar-turbulent transition in Raman fiber lasers:a first passage statistics based analysis

Loss of coherence with increasing excitation amplitudes and spatial size modulation is a fundamental problem in designing Raman fiber lasers. While it is known that ramping up laser pump power increases the amplitude of stochastic excitations, such higher energy inputs can also lead to a transition from a linearly stable coherent laminar regime to a non-desirable disordered turbulent state. This report presents a new statistical methodology, based on first passage statistics, that classifies lasing regimes in Raman fiber lasers, thereby leading to a fast and highly accurate identification of a strong instability leading to a laminar-turbulent phase transition through a self-consistently defined order parameter. The results have been consistent across a wide range of pump power values, heralding a breakthrough in the non-invasive analysis of fiber laser dynamics.

Current range characteristics of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) along the Carpathians revealed by chloroplast SSR markers.

We investigated the diversity pattern of nine Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) populations along the Carpathian range including the High Tatras, by using six chloroplast DNA microsatellites (cpSSR). Our aim was to detect genetically distinct regions by clustering of populations, and to tackle possible historical colonization routes. Our analysis referred to an investigated geographical range with the two most distant populations situated at about 500 air km. We found that the most diverse populations are situated at the two edges of the investigated part, in the Retezat Mts. (South Carpathians) and the High Tatras, and diversity decreases towards the populations of the Eastern Carpathians. Hierarchical clustering and NMDS revealed that the populations of the South Carpathians with the Tatras form a distinct cluster, significantly separated from those of the Eastern Carpathians. Moreover, based on the most variable chloroplast microsatellites, the four populations of the two range edges are not significantly different. Our results, supported also by palynological and late glacial macrofossil evidences, indicate refugial territories within the Retezat Mts. that conserved rich haplotype composition. From this refugial territory Pinus cembra might have colonized the Eastern Carpathians, and this was accompanied by a gradual decrease in population diversity. Populations of the High Tatras might have had the same role in the colonizing events of the Carpathians, as positive correlation was detected among populations lying from each other at a distance of 280 km, the maximum distance between neighbouring populations.

Variation in the chloroplast DNA of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) reflects contrasting post-glacial history of populations from the Carpathians and the Alps

To characterize the genetic structure and diversity of Pinus cembra L. populations native to two disjunct geographical areas, the Alps and the Carpathians, and to evaluate the rate of genetic differentiation among populations.

Selection and passage of county land preservation voter referendum: The role of government

County jurisdictions in America are increasingly exercising self-government in the provision of public community services through the context of second order federalism. In states exercising this form of contemporary governance, county governments with "reformed" policy-making structures and professional management practices, have begun to rival or surpass municipalities in the delivery of local services with regional implications such as environmental protection (Benton 2002, 2003; Marando and Reeves, 1993). ^ The voter referendum, a form of direct democracy, is an important component of county land preservation and environmental protection governmental policies. The recent growth and success of land preservation voter referendums nationwide reflects an increase in citizen participation in government and their desire to protect vacant land and its natural environment from threats of over-development, urbanization and sprawl, loss of open space and farmland, deterioration of ecosystems, and inadequate park and recreational amenities. ^ The study's design employs a sequential, mixed method. First, a quantitative approach employs the Heckman two-step model. It is fitted with variables for the non-random sample of 227 voter referendum counties and all non-voter referendum counties in the U.S. from 1988 to 2009. Second, the qualitative data collected from the in-depth investigation of three South Florida county case studies with twelve public administrator interviews is transformed for integration with the quantitative findings. The purpose of the qualitative method is to complement, explain and enrich the statistical analysis of county demographic, socio-economic, terrain, regional, governance and government, political preference, environmentalism, and referendum-specific factors. ^ The research finds that government factors are significant in terms of the success of land preservation voter referendums; more specifically, the presence of self-government authority (home rule charter), a reformed structure (county administrator/manager or elected executive), and environmental interest groups. In addition, this study concludes that successful counties are often located coastal, exhibit population and housing growth, and have older and more educated citizens who vote democratic in presidential elections. The analysis of case study documents and public administrator interviews finds that pragmatic considerations of timing, local politics and networking of regional stakeholders are also important features of success. Further research is suggested utilizing additional public participation, local government and public administration factors.^

Vibrations of 1D non-conservative elastic continuum due to passage of a MDOF damped oscillator

Peer reviewed

Merlin Stone

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Bella Abzug votes for passage of ERA in NY with husband Martin Abzug to her right

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

NY Mayor Ed Koch speaks at gay civil rights demonstration in support of Intro 2 passage

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

GAA protesting at City Hall for passage of Intro 475 gay civil rights bill

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Gays demonstrate outside City Hall for passage of Intro 475

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Dr. Bruce Voeller with partner at protest for passage of civil rights bill Intro 475

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane. Digital reproduction