Teste de condutividade elétrica em função do período e da temperatura de embebição para sementes de milheto

O presente trabalho objetivou estudar os efeitos de período e temperatura de embebição sobre os resultados do teste de condutividade elétrica para a avaliação do vigor de sementes de milheto (Pennisetum americanum L.). Foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, estudaram-se os períodos de embebição de 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 e 24 horas, à temperatura de 25ºC, e no segundo as temperaturas de 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40ºC, em período de embebição mais promissor do primeiro experimento. Os testes foram realizados com três lotes de sementes, sendo o lote 1 representado pela cultivar Comum e os lotes 2 e 3 pela cultivar BN2, utilizando-se para cada repetição 100 sementes em 100ml de água para embebição. Empregou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições por tratamento. Os resultados mostram que é possível reduzir o período de embebição das sementes para duas horas e que nesse período a temperatura teve pouca influência. Assim sendo, a temperatura de 25ºC, durante a embebição, parece a mais conveniente para a condução deste teste.

La Lanterne : journal politique quotidien

1880/12/14 (A4,N1334).

Press forming of paperboard – advancement of converting tools and process control

Press forming is nowadays one of the most common industrial methods in use for producing deeper trays from paperboard. Demands for material properties like recyclability and sustainability have increased also in the packaging industry, but there are still limitations related to the formability of paperboard. A majority of recent studies have focused on material development, but the potential of the package manufacturing process can also be improved by the development of tooling and process control. In this study, advanced converting tools (die cutting tools and the press forming mould) are created for production scale paperboard tray manufacturing. Also monitoring methods that enable the production of paperboard trays with enhanced quality, and can be utilized in process control are developed. The principles for tray blank preparation, including creasing pattern and die cutting tool design are introduced. The mould heating arrangement and determination of mould clearance are investigated to improve the quality of the press formed trays. The effect of the spring back of the tray walls on the tray dimensions can be managed by adjusting the heat-related process parameters and estimating it at the mould design stage. This enables production speed optimization as the process parameters can be adjusted more freely. Real-time monitoring of pressing force by using multiple force sensors embedded in the mould structure can be utilized in the evaluation of material characteristics on a modified production machinery. Comprehensive process control can be achieved with a combination of measurement of the outer dimensions of the trays and pressing force monitoring. The control method enables detection of defects and tracking changes in the material properties. The optimized converting tools provide a basis for effective operation of the control system.

Adopting the Vaadin Java framework to rebuild VTT’s Web Interfaces and Database Applications

With the growth in new technologies, using online tools have become an everyday lifestyle. It has a greater impact on researchers as the data obtained from various experiments needs to be analyzed and knowledge of programming has become mandatory even for pure biologists. Hence, VTT came up with a new tool, R Executables (REX) which is a web application designed to provide a graphical interface for biological data functions like Image analysis, Gene expression data analysis, plotting, disease and control studies etc., which employs R functions to provide results. REX provides a user interactive application for the biologists to directly enter the values and run the required analysis with a single click. The program processes the given data in the background and prints results rapidly. Due to growth of data and load on server, the interface has gained problems concerning time consumption, poor GUI, data storage issues, security, minimal user interactive experience and crashes with large amount of data. This thesis handles the methods by which these problems were resolved and made REX a better application for the future. The old REX was developed using Python Django and now, a new programming language, Vaadin has been implemented. Vaadin is a Java framework for developing web applications and the programming language is extremely similar to Java with new rich components. Vaadin provides better security, better speed, good and interactive interface. In this thesis, subset functionalities of REX was selected which includes IST bulk plotting and image segmentation and implemented those using Vaadin. A code of 662 lines was programmed by me which included Vaadin as the front-end handler while R language was used for back-end data retrieval, computing and plotting. The application is optimized to allow further functionalities to be migrated with ease from old REX. Future development is focused on including Hight throughput screening functions along with gene expression database handling

Metrics for Predicting User Behavior and Experience in an Interactive Storytelling System

In much of the previous research into the field of interactive storytelling, the focus has been on the creation of complete systems, then evaluating the performance of those systems based on user experience. Less focus has been placed on finding general solutions to problems that manifest in many different types of interactive storytelling systems. The goal of this thesis was to identify potential candidates for metrics that a system could use to predict player behavior or how players experience the story they are presented with, and to put these metrics to an empirical test. The three metrics that were used were morality, relationships and conflict. The game used for user testing of the metrics, Regicide is an interactive storytelling experience that was created in conjunction with Eero Itkonen. Data, in the forms of internal system data and survey answers, collected through user testing, was used to evaluate hypotheses for each metric. Out of the three chosen metrics, morality performed the best in this study. Though further research and refinement may be required, the results were promising, and point to the conclusion that user responses to questions of morality are a strong predictor for their choices in similar situations later on in the course of an interactive story. A similar examination for user relationships with other characters in the story did not produce promising results, but several problems were recognized in terms of methodology and further research with a better optimized system may yield different results. On the subject of conflict, several aspects, proposed by Ware et al. (2012), were evaluated separately. Results were inconclusive, with the aspect of directness showing the most promise.

Competitive Effects of Non-Controlling Minority Acquisitions – Sufficient to merit further EU merger regulation?

Partial ownership interests are a widespread phenomenon in modern corporate environment. Unless minority shareholding affords the target to exercise control over the target, they do currently not have to be notified to the European Commission under EU merger regime. However, economic research has long suggested that when linking competing or non-horizontally positioned undertakings particularly in industries with few competitors, minority shareholdings even far below the majority of shares or voting rights could lead to higher prices or lower output volumes to the detriment of consumers. The Commission has recognized this issue and proceeded to suggest an extension of the merger regime to catch also certain non-controlling minority acquisitions. Horizontal non-controlling minority shareholdings create a positive correlation between the sales revenues of the partial acquirer and target. Through the equity interest the acquirer will internalise a fraction, proportional to the financial rights attached to the shareholding, of the profit of the target. This will incentivise the acquirer to contribute to increasing the target’s business profits by increasing its own sales price (horizontal unilateral effects). When a minority stake is held in a vertically related or a conglomerate company, the minority acquirer could be allowed to hamper or eliminate the target’s rivals’ access either to inputs (input foreclosure) or customers (customer foreclosure), depending on which level of the supply chain the parties are (vertical unilateral effects). Under certain circumstances minority share acquisitions could also lessen competition because they facilitate collusion between companies active in the market (coordinated effects). Economic theory confirms that non-controlling minority shareholdings may under certain circumstances create anti-competitive effects that are unlikely to be remedies by pro-competitive effects. However, they are likely to be of less significant nature than anticompetitive effects created by full mergers. This derives fore mostly from the fact that a minority share acquirer carries all the costs associated with its unilateral action but will internalise only a fraction of the lost profits. This is likely to limit the acquirer’s incentive to raise price and the profitability of such behavior. Having in mind that the number of potentially problematic cases is expected to be next to negligible, the limited potential competitive effects of non-controlling minority share acquisitions cannot be seen to clearly merit extension of the scope of the EUMR. The system suggested by the Commission is particularly ill-fitted for such purpose given the clear lack of legal certainty and considerable administrative burden associated with it.

Sähköposti johtamisvälineenä, käyttö ja esimieheltä vaadittavat kompetenssit hajautuneessa työssä

Viestintä- ja tietoteknologian kehittyminen on muuttanut työnteon perinteisiä muotoja. Hajautettu työ on lisääntynyt organisaatioissa. Sähköpostin käyttö on kasvattanut esimiesten mahdollisuuksia liikkuvan työn ja etätyön tekemiselle. Sähköisen viestintävälineen, kuten sähköpostin välityksellä tapahtuva johtaminen on yleistynyt jatkuvasti ja esimies pystyy hoitamaan esimiestehtäviään usein myös sähköpostin välityksellä. Sähköpostijohtamista käytetään, vaikka työskennellään samassa toimitilassa. Johtaminen sähköpostin välityksellä vaatii esimieheltä erilaisia kompetensseja ja osaamista sekä taitoja kuin perinteinen työ. Tämän tutkielman tavoitteena on selvittää sähköisten viestintävälineiden välityksellä tapahtuvaa johtamista. Tutkielman viitekehyksessä perehdytään ensin sähköpostiin viestintävälineenä. Toiseksi kuvataan hajautettua työtä, esimiehen kompetensseja ja sähköpostijohtamista. Päätutkimuskysymys on: Miten sähköpostia käytetään johtamisvälineenä hajautuneessa työssä? Tutkimuksen alakysymykset ovat: Millaisiin johtamistilanteisiin sähköpostin käyttö liittyy? ja Millaisia johtamiskompetensseja sähköposti vaatii esimieheltä? Tutkimus toteutettiin kvalitatiivisena tutkimuksena ja analyysimenetelmänä käytettiin teoriaohjaavaa sisällönanalyysia. Tutkimuksen empiirinen aineisto koostuu teemahaastatteluista, joissa haastateltiin sähköpostia esimiestehtävissään käyttäviä esimiehiä. Tutkimustulosten perusteella sähköpostia pidettiin tehokkaana, helppokäyttöisenä ja nopeana viestintävälineenä. Sähköpostijohtamista käytetään tiedon jakamisessa ja työtehtävien täsmentämisessä. Sähköposti koettiin välitöntä reagointia vaativissa tilanteissa kuitenkin hitaaksi viestintävälineeksi. Näissä tilanteissa esimiehet käyttivät ennemmin pikaviestinsovelluksia. Esimiesten kompetensseista korostui kiinnostus sekä teknologian käyttöä että osaamisenkehittämistä kohtaan. Sähköisten viestintävälineiden rinnalle esimiehet kokivat tarvitsevansa myös kasvokkain tapahtuvaa johtamista. Tämän tutkimuksen mukaan sähköpostijohtamisella, ei täysin voida korvata kasvokkain tapahtuvaa johtamista. Tutkimustulosten joukosta nousi esille havainto, jossa esimiehet eivät aina kokeneet sähköisten viestintävälineiden välityksellä tapahtuvaa vuorovaikutusta johtamiseksi.

A performance analysis of conventional and fundamental exchange traded funds: ETFs and their risk-return characteristics in relation to building institutional investor’s passive portfolio

An exchange traded fund (ETF) is a financial instrument that tracks some predetermined index. Since their initial establishment in 1993, ETFs have grown in importance in the field of passive investing. The main reason for the growth of the ETF industry is that ETFs combine benefits of stock investing and mutual fund investing. Although ETFs resemble mutual funds in many ways, also many differences occur. In addition, ETFs not only differ from mutual funds but also differ among each other. ETFs can be divided into two categories, i.e. market capitalisation ETFs and fundamental (or strategic) ETFs, and further into subcategories depending on their fundament basis. ETFs are a useful tool for diversification especially for a long-term investor. Although the economic importance of ETFs has risen drastically during the past 25 years, the differences and risk-return characteristics of fundamental ETFs have yet been rather unstudied area. In effect, no previous research on market capitalisation and fundamental ETFs was found during the research process. For its part, this thesis seeks to fill this research gap. The studied data consist of 50 market capitalisation ETFs and 50 fundamental ETFs. The fundaments, on which the indices that the fundamental ETFs track, were not limited nor segregated into subsections. The two types of ETFs were studied at an aggregate level as two different research groups. The dataset ranges from June 2006 to December 2014 with 103 monthly observations. The data was gathered using Bloomberg Terminal. The analysis was conducted as an econometric performance analysis. In addition to other econometric measures, the methods that were used in the performance analysis included modified Value-at-Risk, modified Sharpe ratio and Treynor ratio. The results supported the hypothesis that passive market capitalisation ETFs outperform active fundamental ETFs in terms of risk-adjusted returns, though the difference is rather small. Nevertheless, when taking into account the higher overall trading costs of the fundamental ETFs, the underperformance gap widens. According to the research results, market capitalisation ETFs are a recommendable diversification instrument for a long-term investor. In addition to better risk-adjusted returns, passive ETFs are more transparent and the bases of their underlying indices are simpler than those of fundamental ETFs. ETFs are still a young financial innovation and hence data is scarcely available. On future research, it would be valuable to research the differences in risk-adjusted returns also between the subsections of fundamental ETFs.

La Lanterne : journal politique quotidien

1887/12/14 (N3889,A11).

Match : l'intran : le plus grand hebdomadaire sportif

1926/12/14 (N6).

La Médecine nouvelle : organe de l'Institut dynamodermique

1901/12/14 (A18,N50).