Problemas éticos al final de la vida. La alimentación forzada en pacientes terminales: Planteamiento ético y jurídico

En este trabajo se analiza, tanto desde una perspectiva ética como desde un punto de vista jurídico, la aplicación o retirada de la alimentación forzada a pacientes en situación terminal. Su objetivo es ayudar a los profesionales de la salud que puedan encontrarse ante dilemas de este tipo a alcanzar un posicionamiento ético propio basado en la reflexión, así como a defender dicho planteamiento ante terceros.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 659 1ª ed.]

O movimento Criança Constituinte quer garantir no novo texto o artigo que dá aos menores infratores o direito de defesa, este dispositivo tem sido combatido por alguns juristas que defendem a manutenção do atual Código de Menores. Os integrantes do movimento Criança Constituinte são favoráveis ao voto aos 16 anos, mas sem a redução da idade para a responsabilidade criminal. A tarde começará a primeira sessão de votação do 2º Turno da Constituinte. Nesta etapa as emendas só podem cortar parte do texto e corrigir erros ou contradições. Para o 2º Turno os constituintes apresentaram 1844 Emendas e 1744 foram destacadas, mas ao contrário do 1º Turno o Destaque não dá preferência na votação. Os dispositivos que os constituintes mais querem mudar no 2º Turno são os que tratam dos direitos dos trabalhadores, da anistia financeira, do voto aos 16 anos, da reforma agrária e do tabelamento de juros. Carlos Sant’Anna (Líder do Governo) acredita que para os temas polêmicos haverá quórum para decisões

Hydroacoustic evaluation of spawning red hind (Epinephelus guttatus) aggregations along the coast of Puerto Rico in 2002 and 2003

Red hind (Epinephelus guttatus) have been overfished in the Caribbean and were included with seven other regional grouper species deemed vulnerable to risk of extinction. The Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources desired to map spawning red hind aggregations within commonwealth waters as part of their resource management program for the species. Mobile hydroacoustic surveys were conducted over 3-day periods in 2002 and 2003, indexed to the full moon phase in February or March when red hind were known to aggregate. Four vessels concurrently sampled the southwest, south, and southeast coasts of Puerto Rico in 2002. In 2003, three vessels conducted complementary surveys of the northwest, north, and northeast coasts of the island, completing a circuit of the coastal shelf-spawning habitat. These surveys indicated that red hind spawning aggregations were prevalent along the south and west coasts, and sparse along the north coast during the survey periods. Highest spawning red hind concentrations were observed in three areas offshore of the west coast of Puerto Rico, around Mona and Desecheo islands (20,443 and 10,559 fish/km2, respectively) and in the Bajo de Cico seasonal closed area (4,544 fish/km2). Following both 2002 and 2003 surveys, a series of controlled acoustic measurements of known local fish species in net pens were conducted to assess the mean target strength (acoustic backscatter) of each group. Ten species of fish were measured, including red hind (E. guttatus), coney (E. fulvus), white grunt (Haemulon plumieri), pluma (Calamus pennatula), blue tang (Acanthurus coeruleus), squirrel fish (Holocentrus spp.), black durgeon (Melichtyhs niger), ocean file fish (Canthidermis sufflamen), ocean surgeon fish (Acanthurus bahianus), and butter grouper (Mycteroperca spp.). In general, the mean target strength results from the caged fish experiments were in agreement with published target strength length relationships, with the exception of white grunt and pluma.

Detecting fish aggregations from reef habitats mapped with high resolution side scan sonar imagery

As part of a multibeam and side scan sonar (SSS) benthic survey of the Marine Conservation District (MCD) south of St. Thomas, USVI and the seasonal closed areas in St. Croix—Lang Bank (LB) for red hind (Epinephelus guttatus) and the Mutton Snapper (MS) (Lutjanus analis) area—we extracted signals from water column targets that represent individual and aggregated fish over various benthic habitats encountered in the SSS imagery. The survey covered a total of 18 km2 throughout the federal jurisdiction fishery management areas. The complementary set of 28 habitat classification digital maps covered a total of 5,462.3 ha; MCDW (West) accounted for 45% of that area, and MCDE (East) 26%, LB 17%, and MS the remaining 13%. With the exception of MS, corals and gorgonians on consolidated habitats were significantly more abundant than submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) on unconsolidated sediments or unconsolidated sediments. Continuous coral habitat was the most abundant consolidated habitat for both MCDW and MCDE (41% and 43% respectively). Consolidated habitats in LB and MS predominantly consisted of gorgonian plain habitat with 95% and 83% respectively. Coral limestone habitat was more abundant than coral patch habitat; it was found near the shelf break in MS, MCDW, and MCDE. Coral limestone and coral patch habitats only covered LB minimally. The high spatial resolution (0.15 m) of the acquired imagery allowed the detection of differing fish aggregation (FA) types. The largest FA densities were located at MCDW and MCDE over coral communities that occupy up to 70% of the bottom cover. Counts of unidentified swimming objects (USOs), likely representing individual fish, were similar among locations and occurred primarily over sand and shelf edge areas. Fish aggregation school sizes were significantly smaller at MS than the other three locations (MCDW, MCDE, and LB). This study shows the advantages of utilizing SSS in determining fish distributions and density.

Hacia una nueva organización del trabajo. Flexibilidad y Distribución

Se trata de ir introduciendo medidas que instalen un nuevo concepto del trabajo y su organización. La justa reivindicación laboral de reducción del tiempo de trabajo no ha sido un camino de rosas, la reorganización del trabajo es un procedimiento útil y necesario para evitar efectos perversos que impidan la creación de empleo.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 719 ]

Constituintes discutem a anistia dos juros e da correção monetária da dívida dos microempresários durante o Plano Cruzado.Todavia, a anistia fiscal não foi concedida aos microempresários. O Governo terá seis meses para rever os valores da Aposentadoria. Servidores públicos com mais de cinco anos de serviço passam a ter estabilidade. Cinco de outubro é a data da promulgação da Nova Constituição. Oito de setembro é a data para entregar o texto corrigido.

Genetics of Type III Bartter Syndrome in Spain, Proposed Diagnostic Algorithm

9 p.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 528]

Parlamentares discutem a definição de empresa nacional. O título da Ordem Econômica será votado na próxima sessão. Os parlamentares definem quando entrará em vigor a nova distribuição de renda, após concluída a reforma tributária. A descentralização de rendas é uma vantagem da nova reforma tributária. Constituintes questionam se a nova reforma tributária irá onerar o contribuinte. Constituintes querem que se estabeleça a verdadeira federação no país, fazendo com que a competência da União fique restrita às atividades básicas.

Determinants of self-reported smoking and misclassification during pregnancy, and analysis of optimal cut-off points for urinary cotinine: a cross-sectional study

10 p.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 512]

Começa a discussão sobre a Defesa do Estado. A democratização da informação é debatida. A Sessão Plenária da Constituinte vota todo o capítulo dedicado ao Ministério Público. Pela proposta votada houve uma divisão de tarefas. O Ministério público ficou como representante legal da sociedade em ações como o direito do consumidor, ecologia, direitos dos índios e segurança do trabalho. A outra função do Ministério Público, que era a de defender a União, passou agora, com o novo texto, a ser exercida pela Advogacia Geral da União, que vai reunir os procuradores e os assistentes jurídicos dos Ministérios numa mesma tarefa. Começa a ser discutido o título V da Carta, que trata da defesa do Estado. Pela emenda do Centrão, o Presidente da República pode decretar o Estado de Defesa, sempre que a Ordem Pública estiver ameaçada. O texto institui também o Estado de Sítio. O Presidente da República, para implantar o Estado de Sítio, necessita ouvir o Congresso Nacional.

The Influence of the Val158Met Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Polymorphism on the Personality Traits of Bipolar Patients

6 p.

Changes in white adipose tissue metabolism induced by resveratrol in rats

Background: A remarkable range of biological functions have been ascribed to resveratrol. Recently, this polyphenol has been shown to have body fat lowering effects. The aim of the present study was to assess some of the potential underlying mechanisms of action which take place in adipose tissue. Methods: Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and treated with 30 mg resveratrol/kg body weight/d. All rats were fed an obesogenic diet and after six weeks of treatment white adipose tissues were dissected. Lipoprotein lipase activity was assessed by fluorimetry, acetyl-CoA carboxylase by radiometry, and malic enzyme, glucose-6P-dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase by spectrophotometry. Gene expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, PPAR-gamma, SREBP-1c and perilipin were assessed by Real time RT-PCR. The amount of resveratrol metabolites in adipose tissue was measured by chromatography. Results: There was no difference in the final body weight of the rats; however, adipose tissues were significantly decreased in the resveratrol-treated group. Resveratrol reduced the activity of lipogenic enzymes, as well as that of heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase. Moreover, a significant reduction was induced by this polyphenol in hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA levels. No significant changes were observed in other genes. Total amount of resveratrol metabolites in adipose tissue was 2.66 +/- 0.55 nmol/g tissue. Conclusions: It can be proposed that the body fat-lowering effect of resveratrol is mediated, at least in part, by a reduction in fatty acid uptake from circulating triacylglycerols and also in de novo lipogenesis.

Aspects of quality control of wind profiler measurements in complex topography

It is well known in the scientific community that some remote sensing instruments assume that sample volumes present homogeneous conditions within a defined meteorological profile. At complex topographic sites and under extreme meteorological conditions, this assumption may be fallible depending on the site, and it is more likely to fail in the lower layers of the atmosphere. This piece of work tests the homogeneity of the wind field over a boundary layer wind profiler radar located in complex terrain on the coast under different meteorological conditions. The results reveal the qualitative importance of being aware of deviations in this homogeneity assumption and evaluate its effect on the final product. Patterns of behavior in data have been identified in order to simplify the analysis of the complex signal registered. The quality information obtained from the homogeneity study under different meteorological conditions provides useful indicators for the best alternatives the system can offer to build wind profiles. Finally, the results are also to be considered in order to integrate them in a quality algorithm implemented at the product level.

Why are we fat? Discussions on the socioeconomic dimensions and responses to obesity

This paper draws together contributions to a scientific table discussion on obesity at the European Science Open Forum 2008 which took place in Barcelona, Spain. Socioeconomic dimensions of global obesity, including those factors promoting it, those surrounding the social perceptions of obesity and those related to integral public health solutions, are discussed. It argues that although scientific accounts of obesity point to large-scale changes in dietary and physical environments, media representations of obesity, which context public policy, pre-eminently follow individualistic models of explanation. While the debate at the forum brought together a diversity of views, all the contributors agreed that this was a global issue requiring an equally global response. Furthermore, an integrated ecological model of obesity proposes that to be effective, policy will need to address not only human health but also planetary health, and that therefore, public health and environmental policies coincide.