Mesenchymal stem cells modulate release of matrix proteins from tendon surfaces in vitro: a potential beneficial therapeutic effect

Aim: Injury of tendons contained within a synovial environment, such as joint, bursa or tendon sheath, frequently fails to heal and releases matrix proteins into the synovial fluid, driving inflammation. This study investigated the effectiveness of cells to seal tendon surfaces and provoke matrix synthesis as a possible effective injectable therapy. Materials & methods: Equine flexor tendon explants were cultured overnight in suspensions of bone marrow and synovium-derived mesenchymal stems cells and, as controls, two sources of fibroblasts, derived from tendon and skin, which adhered to the explants. Release of the most abundant tendon extracellular matrix proteins into the media was assayed, along with specific matrix proteins synthesis by real-time PCR. Results: Release of extracellular matrix proteins was influenced by the coating cell type. Fibroblasts from skin and tendon appeared less capable of preventing the release of matrix proteins than mesenchymal stems cells. Conclusion: The source of cell is an important consideration for cell therapy.

The Benefits of Multilingualism for Statutory and Constitutional Interpretation in South Africa

Taking the South African experience as an example, this article considers the interpretive benefits to be reaped from having access to bi- and multilingual versions of a statutory text. The discussion takes place against the backdrop of a history of statutory bi- and multilingualism in the said jurisdiction as well as, at present, constitutional guarantees of language rights and the “parity of esteem” of eleven official languages. It is argued that, if invoked with due discretion and in a non-rigid way, statutory multilingualism can be a boon to statutory and constitutional interpretation. The South African courts – whose traditional approach to statutory inter-pretation has tended to be literalist, formalistic and formulaic – are, generally speaking, to be commended for their supple use of bilingualism as an aid to interpretation over the years. The advent of constitutional multilingualism and the (potential) availability of statutory texts (and the Constitution) in more than two languages, have moreover created conditions conducive to the further development and refinement of reliance on multilingualism in statutory and constitutional interpretation – certain challenges notwithstanding.

La vérité sur la maison Rothschild

par S. Paul Robert

De his quae praecesserunt inundationem terrarum / Berosus babylonicus. Item, De origine Turrenorum / Myrsilus. In fragmentis / Cato. In epitheto de temporum / Archilocus. De iudicio temporibus / Metasthenes. Philo In breuiario temporum. De equiuocis temporum / Xenophon. De diuisione Italiae / Sempronius. De aureo seculo & origine vrbis Rom[ae] / Q. Fab. Pictor. Fragmentum itinerarii Antonini Pii. Altercatio Adriani augusti & Epictici. Vertumniana propertii Manethon

Aut. tomado de Graesse

Costumes de Valence ; Beauvais ; Gruyer [Material gráfico]

Inscripción en parte sup.: "France Militaire". En la parte inferior: "T. 4"

Bataille de Sagonte [Material gráfico]

Inscripción en parte sup.: "France Militaire". En la parte inferior: "T. 4"

Duplessis Mornay, 1549-1623,

Mode of access: Internet.

Mémoire autographe de M. de Barentin : publiè d'apres le manuscrit original : avec notes et pièces justificatives, et précédé d'une notice biographique sur M. de Barentin /

Mode of access: Internet.

Essais de Chymie, sur la chaux vive, la matiere elastique et electrique, le feu, et l'acide universel primitif : avec un supplément sur les eléments /

Mode of access: Internet.