Methods for removal of resin remaining after debonding of orthodontic brackets: a literature review

The removal of resin debris and/or resin cement from the enamel surface without causing iatrogenic is the main objective when removing the orthodontic brackets. Some factors such as the time required for removal, damage to the tooth structure, are essential factors for the clinician at the time of removal. Various techniques are used for the removal of orthodontic brackets after the treatment; it is known that the use of clinical procedures such as the use of diamond burs and some pliers removers can damage the structure of the enamel, often depending on the bond strength that should be taken into consideration at the time of removal. This literature review aims to gather the most relevant studies that can clarify the clinical technique, which may be more suitable for removal of the brackets.

Oral verruciform xanthoma: a case report and literature review

Oral verruciform xanthoma represents an uncommon entity, which affects mainly oral mucosa. This paper presents the major clinical and histological features of oral verruciform xanthoma and reports a case on the tongue. The differential diagnosis and a literature review are also provided in light of recent information.

Inflammatory fibroid polyp (Vanek’s polyp): a case report and literature review

Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is a benign uncommon lesion (1%-4% of gastric benign lesions), originated from the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Its origin is controversial and immunohistochemical studies of lesions have largely refuted the possible vascular, neural or smooth muscle origin. Recent studies suggest a neoplastic etiology due to a mutation, in some cases, in the alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor gene (PDGFRa). Our objective is to report the case of a patient aged 70 years, with gastric IFP, comparing her immunohistochemical profile with those of other studies, and a brief review of the literature.

Paracoccidioidomycosis in patients with Lymphoma and review of published literature

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Indications for the HPV vaccine in adolescents: A review of the literature

Background: The vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) was created to abrogate the risk that the virus presents for the development of cervical cancers. The prevalence of HPV infection among healthy individuals is significant (20%). We performed a review of the literature published in the period from 2008 to 2012 regarding the use of the vaccine against HPV specifically in adolescents. Methods: The articles were selected from a search of the PubMed database with the key words "vaccine", "HPV" and "adolescent". This search identified 576 articles; based on readings of the titles and abstracts, the list of included article was reduced to 42. Results: We observed that the majority of authors are in favor of the vaccine for adolescents particularly females. Conclusion: Recommending the use of the HPV vaccine and other vaccines represents an attempt to broaden the reach of these vaccines among both sexes of the adolescent population. Vaccination is a strategy for the prevention of pre-cancerous Lesions in the genital and oropharyngeal regions. (C) 2014 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.

Human development and data envelopment analysis: a structured literature review

Given the importance the concept of productive efficiency has on analyzing the human development process, which is complex and multidimensional, this study conducts a literature review on the research works that have used the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure and analyze the development process. Therefore, we researched the databases of Scopus and Web of Science, and considered the following analysis dimensions: bibliometrics, scope, DEA models and extensions used, interfaces with other techniques, units analyzed and depth of analysis. In addition to a brief summary, the main gaps in each analysis dimension were assessed, which may serve to guide future researches. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mitigation of the bullwhip effect considering trust and collaboration in supply chain management: a literature review

The aim of this paper is to provide results of trust and collaboration that lead to the mitigation of the bullwhip effect in supply chain management through a systematic literature review. The criterion for its inclusion in the sample of papers was that at least two reviews of the respective subfields were published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2014. A total of 24 articles were selected. The analysis found that few studies focused on addressing behavioral aspects to reduce the bullwhip effect. Most of them focused on operational and quantitative aspects. These results indicate the need for studies on behavioral aspects in mitigating the bullwhip effect, where trust and collaboration among those involved in the supply chain need to be developed and organized.

Leiomyoma of the bladder. Apropos of a case and review of the literature

Mesodermal tumors of the urinary tract are unusual, being leiomyoma the most frequent tumor type. We present a case of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder in a 29 year old woman and review the literature. Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

Aneurysm and neurocysticercosis: casual or causal relationship? Case report and review of the literature

Four cases of suggestive inflammatory aneurysms in patients with neurocysticercosis have been described. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage from a right middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm and had a casual relationship with neurocysticercosis. At surgery, a viable cysticercus without signs of inflammation or thickened leptomeninges was found in the distal position of the aneurysm. Postoperatively, the patient received albendazole and dextrochlorpheniramine. In the subsequent three years, the patient was asymptomatic and took drugs to prevent convulsion and arterial hypertension. The relationship between NCC and the presence of cerebral aneurysm is discussed.

Lateral periodontal cyst: a case report and literature review

The lateral periodontal cyst is considered a developmental odontogenic cyst with unusual occurrence. In most cases it is preliminary diagnosed as a radiographic finding, presenting as well circumscribed or as a round or teardrop-shaped radiolucent area. Due to its location it can easily be misdiagnosed as a lesion of endodontic origin. Final diagnosis should be based on histopatological examination. The purpose of this paper is to report a classic case of lateral periodontal cyst located in the anterior region of mandible and to review the relevant literature which describes the clinical, radiological and histopathological features of lateral periodontal cysts. A 50 years female patient complained of an asymptomatic gingival swelling in the region between the left mandibular lateral incisor and canine. Radiographic examination revealed a well circumscribed radiolucency with approximately 0.5 cm diameter with a radiopaque margin between the roots of the left mandibular lateral incisor and canine. The adjacent teeth had vital pulp. A total enucleation of the lesion was performed, and intraoperative examination showed a single lesion with no communication between the cyst's cavity and the oral environment. Histological examination revealed that the lesion was lateral periodontal cyst of developmental origin. There was no recurrence or complications for 24 months follow-up. The lateral periodontal cyst can be considered in the differential diagnosis when a radioloucent lesion appears adjacent to the roots of vital teeth. The treatment of choice is surgical removal and subsequent histological evaluation to confirm the diagnosis. Relapses are infrequent.

Analysis of the peri-implant soft tissues in contact with zirconia abutments: an evidence-based literature review

The aim of this study is to evaluate through a literature review, the soft tissue response in contact with zirconia abutments, including case reports comparing prosthetics rehabilitations with zirconia and titanium abutments upto 3 years of follow-up as well as the factors that should be considered on implant's abutment selection. Metallic abutments can provide grayish color when in contact with thin soft tissues which may lead the implant prosthetic treatment to failure. In this context, the abutments of zirconia stand out because there is an excellent linking between esthetics and the health of peri-implant soft tissues. A consult of the published researches was made on the PubMed database from 2000 to September 2012. The including criteria were: literature reviews, clinical studies and case reports in English that focused on the response of the soft tissue in contact with zirconia implant abutments. The studies that were not in English and did not match the tackled issue were excluded. A total of 32 articles were found. According to the search strategy, just 16 articles were selected for this review. Three studies affirmed that zirconia abutments have an excellent soft tissue response; one study showed increased gingival recession with zirconia abutments and nine studies do not stand out any difference on biological behavior between titanium and zirconia abutments. Three studies affirmed that zirconia abutments provide natural gingival appearance, anatomic contour and greater esthetics. The use of zirconia abutments is recommended for anterior regions because of their greater optical properties and esthetic results and more studies should be performed and analyzed longitudinally regarding their biological response. The zirconia abutments have been established to be essential in order to achieve great esthetic results in cases of thin peri-implant soft tissues and in regions where the three-dimensional placement of implants is more superficial.

Phantom eye syndrome: a review of the literature

The purpose of this literature review was to describe the main features of phantom eye syndrome in relation to their possible causes, symptoms, treatments, and influence of eye amputation on quality of life of anophthalmic patients. For this, a bibliographical research was performed in Pubmed database using the following terms: eye amputation, eye trauma, phantom eye syndrome, phantom pain, and quality of life, associated or not. Thirteen studies were selected, besides some relevant references contained in the selected manuscripts and other studies hallowed in the literature. Thus, 56 articles were included in this review. The phantom eye syndrome is defined as any sensation reported by the patient with anophthalmia, originated anophthalmic cavity. In phantom eye syndrome, at least one of these three symptoms has to be present: phantom vision, phantom pain, and phantom sensations. This syndrome has a direct influence on the quality of life of the patients, and psychological support is recommended before and after the amputation of the eyeball as well as aid in the treatment of the syndrome. Therefore, it is suggested that, for more effective treatment of phantom eye syndrome, drug therapy should be associated with psychological approach.

Aging of intrauterine tissues in spontaneous preterm birth and preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a systematic review of the literature

Many adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), including spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), are associated with placental dysfunction. Recent clinical and experimental evidences suggest that premature aging of the placenta may be involved in these events. Although placental aging is a well-known concept, the mechanisms of aging during normal pregnancy and premature aging in APOs are still unclear. This review was conducted to assess the knowledge on placental aging related biochemical changes leading to placental dysfunction in PTB and/or preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM). We performed a systematic review of studies published over the last 50 years in two electronic databases (Pubmed and Embase) on placental aging and PTB or pPROM. The search yielded 554 citations, 30 relevant studies were selected for full-text review and three were included in the review. Only one study reported oxidative stress-related aging and degenerative changes in human placental membranes and telomere length reduction in fetal cells as part of PTB and/or pPROM mechanisms. Similarly, two animal studies reported findings of decidual senescence and referred to PTB mechanisms. Placental and fetal membrane oxidative damage and telomere reduction are linked to premature aging in PTB and pPROM but the risk factors and biomolecular pathways causing this phenomenon are not established in the literature. However, no biomarkers or clinical indicators of premature aging as a pathology of PTB and pPROM have been reported. We document major knowledge gaps and propose several areas for future research to improve our understanding of premature aging linked to placental dysfunction.

Orthodontic extrusion as treatment option for crown-root fracture: literature review with systematic criteria

To review the literature searching for a consensus for the choice of orthodontic extrusion as treatment for crown-root fracture. An electronic search was performed in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus and a manual search of the Journal Dental Traumatology. Forty articles were found in PubMed and 38 in Scopus and after removal of duplicate sample 51 contained articles. Of these, 48 were excluded for not having orthodontic treatment, no follow-up or follow-up less than 6 months, or not report the presence of crown-root fracture. In manual search in Dental Traumatology 20 articles were found, but none of them met the prerequisites established. So, three articles formed the basis of the study. The choice of how to treat orthodontic extrusion of crown-root fracture was effective and stable, without root and periodontal changes. Factors, such as root formation and presence of pulp vitality were decisive for determining the stages of treatment, however, there is no consensus based on scientific evidence about these protocols.