Uso de algoritmos genéticos na otimização do sistema de coleta do palhiço de cana-de-açúcar

The Brazilian government has convinced the world that ethanol deriving from sugar cane is a promissory means of sustainable fuel for vehicles. There is a great growth of ex vehicles , i.e, run both by ethanol and gasoline, due to competent automotive industries and e cient alcohol production technology. In 2009 and 2010 the ethanol production was 25.7 billion liters and 53.8% of sugar cane production was destined to alcohol production. Nevertheless, the sugar production also derived from sugar cane should increase in 2011. Brazil produced 33 million tons of sugar in the last harvest. With sugar cane on the rise production is arising new environmental problems. The harvest using mechanized cut besides improving the logistic transportation system leaves the generating residue in the eld. This residue is a mixture of straw, leavings and scrap of sugar cane named sugar cane crop residue and corresponds to 30% of biomass and can be burned and produce electricity by cogeneration. But the transport the sugar cane crop from the eld is expensive due costs involved in the transport system. This work aims to propose a formulation for the bales collecting problem from sugar cane eld to mill that minimize the costs involved in the transport system. The computational tests use the C++ language and an algorithm based on genetic algorithms techniques

Seleção de micro-organismos com potencial de biodegradação de hidrocarbonetos e biodiesel

The oil and biodiesel are oily substances which, if spilled or thrown out in the environment, can cause serious damages. In this context, bioremediation techniques can be used to the recovering of sites degradated by mineral or vegetable oil, besides them, the biodegradation. However, it is necessary that there are microorganism strains used to degradate the contaminant, previously selected for the fast, efficient and minimum impact remediation. The main objective of this study was to isolate microorganism strains coming from different ecological recesses and verify their potentiality on biodegradating oil and biodiesel. Strains of bacteria, fungi and yeasts were isolated from soils contaminated by hydrocarbons (diesel, gasoline, grease) before, by doing striations on culture plates. On the biodegradation tests, it was used the redox indicator, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP), then, after the indicador’s discoloration, the absorbance of the suspension obtained was measured. 46 different microorganism strains were isolated, and the oil, when it was used as a carbon resource, it was degradate easier than the biodiesel. The experiments showed that, in a period, the site impacted by oil spills recovers itself by the biodegradation, in aerobic conditions, by the redox activity.

Efeito da adição de butanol na biodegradabilidade da gasolina e do óleo diesel

The increase in the oil price and the current trend of using renewable raw materials for the production of chemicals renew the interest in the production of biobutanol that, produced by fermentation of agricultural raw materials, can be used as a component of gasoline and diesel. With the commercialization of new fuels, environmental damages due to spills can occur. Among other techniques, the clean-up of these contaminated areas can be achieved with bioremediation, a technique based on the action of microorganisms, which has the advantage of turning hazardous contaminants into non toxic substances such as CO2, water and biomass. Thus, bearing in mind the use of biobutanol in the near future as a gasoline extender and due to the lack of knowledge of the effects of butanol on the biodegradation of gasoline, this work aimed to assess the aerobic biodegradation of butanol/gasoline blends and butanol/diesel (20% v/v), being the latter compared to the ethanol/gasoline blend and biodiesel/diesel (20% v/v), respectively. Two experimental techniques were employed, namely the respirometric method and the redox indicator 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) test. In the former, experiments simulating the contamination of natural environments were carried out in biometer flasks, used to measure the microbial CO2 production. The DCPIP test assessed the capability of four inocula to biodegrade the fuel blends. In butanol/gasoline experiments the addition of the alcohols to the gasoline resulted in positive synergic effects on the biodegradation of the fuels in soil and...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Simulação de contaminação de sedimentos e águas subterrâneas por gasolina e álcool: um estudo de monitoramento de variações das propriedades físico-químicas

Geophysics studies in areas impacted by petroleum derivatives describe abnormalities of both low and high electrical resistivity (the opposite of electrical conductivity), confirmed as contaminant phase by chemical analysis: this contradiction can be explained by degrading processes that naturally occur and create sub products that can change the environment conductivity. Monitoring the variation of the parameters mentioned serves as a comparative basis to the variation in geoelectrical parameters, which identified the correlation between the same contaminant parameters and the difference between their behavior studied apart, as well as its relations with the biodegradation process. The results are applied to the fuel distribution and storage sectors, leading to the diagnosis and monitoring of possible groundwater contamination scenarios, and the knowledge of the area exposure time to the contaminant, besides the better remediation alternative and impacts control. Among some conclusions, the most significant are the decrease in conductivity over time, so as the increase in Eh value in the gasoline contaminated tank, as well as the decrease in the pH value in the second tank with ethanol, which can be attributed to its degradation. Comparing the variations in both tanks, it is evident that Eh, pH and electrical conductivity do not behave temporally in a similar way, although some correlations between Eh and pH can be related.

Planejamento de reativos em sistemas elétricos de potência multi-área através de modelos estocásticos

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

A visita domiciliar na formação médica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Distribuição de LNAPL na zona não saturada em solos tropicais, no município de Rio Claro/SP

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Modelo matemático para o controle ótimo de Volt/VAr em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica trifásicos

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Teorias democráticas diante da nova gramática de organização da sociedade e da relação entre o Estado e a sociedade

This article is about the democratic theoretical conceptions reformulated in face of the new social rules in which actors showed up claiming repressed social repressed from the second half of the XX century. In this article an approach of the main contributions of the dimensions of the conception of democracy. As a result, we present that the institutional innovations that came from a process of institutionalism of democracy have built a participative and inclusive ideal of social groups that so far were apart from the decision process in politics.

Desenvolvimento, validação, avaliação da incerteza de medição e análise de custos de método baseado em espectroscopia no infravermelho e análise multivariada para previsão de parâmetros de qualidade de amostras de E85

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Greenhouse gas balance in the conversion from extensive pasture to other agricultural systems in Andean region of Colombia

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Screening the toxicity and biodegradability of petroleum hydrocarbons by a rapid colorimetric method

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Energy recovery from agro-industrial wastewaters through biohydrogen production: kinetic evaluation and technological feasibility

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determination of water insoluble dyes used as marking of commercial petroleum products using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

This paper describes an analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separationcoupled with electrochemical detection to detect three dyes, Solvent Blue 14 (SB-14), Solvent Blue 35 (SB-35) andSolvent Red 24 (SR-24). The dyes were eluted and separated using a reversed-phase column (C-8) under isocraticelution with the mobile phase containing a mixture of acetonitrile/ammonium acetate (5.0 mmol L1) at the ratio of75: 25 (v/v). Two sample pretreatment methods were tested and successfully applied to quantify SB14, SB-35 and SR-24 dyes in gasoline samples. The proposed method was simple, fast and suitable to detect and quantify marker dyes ingasoline sample at low concentration.

Narrativas interativas em audiovisual panorâmico para dispositivos móveis

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC