Perseveração motora em crianças: impacto da condição de deficiência mental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise energética e econômica da produção de leitões na região oeste do Paraná

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aquisição de relações condicionais simétricas e não simétricas e formação de classes por Cebus apella

A dificuldade em documentar a formação de classes em não-humanos pode ser devida ao uso de procedimentos de treino e teste desenvolvidos no contexto da pesquisa com participantes humanos. Diferenças entre as situações de treino e de teste podem produzir a deterioração do desempenho nos testes. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar, em macacos-prego (Cebus spp.), a curva de aquisição de relações condicionais simétricas com a curva de aquisição de relações condicionais não simétricas, a partir de linhas de base condicionais diferentes para cada tipo de treino. Essa comparação pode fornecer indícios de formação de classes sem a necessidade de testes formais previstos no modelo descritivo de equivalência de estímulos. Foram utilizados, como participantes, dois macacos prego machos Cebus spp. um jovem-adulto (M09) e um adulto (M12), ambos com história de treino de discriminações simples e condicionais. Foram utilizados seis pares de estímulos bidimensionais (A1-B1, A2-B2, A3-B3, A4-B4, A5-B5 e A6-B6). O procedimento foi composto por três fases: Fase 1, “preparatória”, de treino das discriminações condicionais A1-B1 e A2-B2 utilizando o procedimento de emparelhamento ao modelo arbitrário com atraso zero; Fase 2, “consistente” ou “simétrica”, de treino da discriminação condicional A3-B3 e A4-B4 seguida do treino da discriminação condicional consistente com o padrão de resposta bidirecional (B3-A3 e B4-A4); Fase 3, “inconsistente” ou “assimétrica”, de treino da discriminação condicional A5-B5 e A6-B6 seguido do treino da discriminação condicional inconsistente com o padrão bidirecional (B5-A6 e B6-A5). O Sujeito M12 concluiu todas as etapas do experimento. A análise comparativa das curvas de desempenho do sujeito M12 indica uma aquisição mais rápida quando as relações treinadas são simétricas, sugerindo que os eventos arbitrariamente relacionados compõem uma mesma classe. Tal resultado sugere que a análise comparativa entre as curvas de desempenho é um procedimento promissor para avaliar formação de classes em sujeitos não-humanos. O sujeito M09 foi retirado do experimento na Subfase 3.1, pois seu desempenho não alcançou o critério de aquisição. Os dados do sujeito M09 sugerem a necessidade de uma análise detalhada das relações de controle durante a tarefa de MTS possibilitando assim o refinamento do procedimento de treino de emparelhamento ao modelo arbitrário.

Separation of Scaptotrigona postica Workers into Defined Task Groups by the Chemical Profile on Their Epicuticle Wax Layer

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Downmodulation of peripheral MUG-specific immunity by pVAXhspe65 treatment during EAE does not reach the CNS

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Lower limb muscle coactivation levels in healthy younger and older adults during functional dual-task gait

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of daily cognitive task on stiffness of old and young female adults during the gait. The study included 17 physically active younger and 18 older women, with low risk of falls. The volunteers were asked to walk on the treadmill at two different gait conditions: normal gait and functional dual-task gait. The electromyographic signals were collected of the lower limb muscles. The percentage of coactivation for the tibialis anterior/gastrocnemius lateralis and tibialis anterior/soleus were significantly higher in elderly than in younger in the normal gait and dual-task gait. Our results suggest that the elderly have a greater stiffness in the ankle joint during gait normal and daily dual task gait. Thus, we conclude that challenging cognitively situations during the gait may increase the risk of falls in this population.

Benefits of Multimodal Exercise Intervention for Postural Control and Frontal Cognitive Functions in Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease: A Controlled Trial

Objective To verify the effects of a systematized multimodal exercise intervention program on frontal cognitive function, postural control, and functional capacity components of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD).DesignNonrandomized controlled trial with pre- and posttraining tests in a training group and a control group.SettingKinesiotherapy program for seniors with AD, SAo Paulo State University.ParticipantsConvenience sample of older adults with AD (n=30) were assigned to a training (n=14; aged 78.67.1) and a control (n=16; aged 77.06.3) group.InterventionThe intervention program was structured with the aim of simultaneously promoting better balance and frontal cognitive capacity. The participants attended a 1-hour session three times a week for 16weeks, whereas the control group did not participate in any activity during the same period.MeasurementsFrontal cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Clock Drawing Test, the Frontal Assessment Battery, and the Symbol Search Subtest. Postural control (center of pressure area) was analyzed under four dual-task conditions. Functional capacity components were analyzed using the Timed Up and Go Test, the 30-second sit-to-stand test, the sit-and-reach test, and the Berg Functional Balance Scale.ResultsIntervention group participants showed a significant increase in frontal cognitive function (P<.001, partial (2)=0.838), with less body sway (P=.04, partial (2)=0.04) during the dual tasks, and greater functional capacity (P=.001, partial (2)=0.676) after the 16-week period.ConclusionIntervention participants performed better on dual-task activities and had better postural balance and greater functional capacity than controls.

Visuomotor processing and hand force coordination in dyslexic children during a visually guided manipulation task

Developmental Dyslexia negatively affects children's reading and writing ability and, in most cases, performance in sensorimotor tasks. These deficits have been associated with structural and functional alterations in the cerebellum and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Both neural structures are active during visually guided force control and in the coordination of load force (LF) and grip force (GF) during manipulation tasks. Surprisingly, both phenomena have not been investigated in dyslexic children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare dyslexic and non-dyslexic children regarding their visuomotor processing ability and GF-LF coordination during a static manipulation task. Thirteen dyslexic (8-14YO) and 13 age- and sex-matched non-dyslexic (control) children participated in the study. They were asked to grasp a fixed instrumented handle using the tip of all digits and pull the handle upward exerting isometric force to match a ramp-and-hold force profile displayed in a computer monitor. Task performance (i.e., visuomotor coordination) was assessed by RMSE calculated in both ramp and hold phases. GF-LF coordination was assessed by the ratio between GF and LF (GF/LF) calculated at both phases and the maximum value of a cross-correlation function (r(max)) and its respective time lag calculated at ramp phase. The results revealed that the RMSE at both phases was larger in dyslexic than in control children. However, we found that GF/LF, rmax, and time lags were similar between groups. Those findings indicate that dyslexic children have a mild deficit in visuomotor processing but preserved GF-LF coordination. Altogether, these findings suggested that dyslexic children could present mild structural and functional alterations in specific PPC or cerebellum areas that are directly related to visuomotor processing. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Concepções do professor de arte sobre aspectos de sua formação para atuar com alunos surdos

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Neonatal anoxia in rats: hippocampal cellular and subcellular changes related to cell death and spatial memory

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Multi-task control strategy for grid-tied inverters based on conservative power theory

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pre-task music improves swimming performance

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pre--task music on swimming performance and other psychological variables. A randomized counterbalanced within--subjects (experimental and control condition) design was employed. Eighteen regional level male swimmers performed two 200m freestyle swimming time trials. Participants were exposed to either 5min of self--selected music (pre--task music condition) or 5min of silence (control condition) and, after 1 minute, performed the swimming task. Swimming time was significantly shorter (--1.44%) in the pre--task music condition. Listening to pre--task music increased motivation to perform the swimming task, while arousal remained unchanged. While fatigue increased after the swimming task in both conditions, vigour, ratings of perceived exertion and affective valence were unaltered. It is concluded, for the first time, that pre--task music improves swimming performance.