Formas de preparo de figo-da-índia minimamente processado¹

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da forma de preparo na conservação pós-colheita de figos-da-índia minimamente processados. Foram utilizados figos-da-índia maduros de polpa alaranjada, provenientes de pomar comercial da região de Valinhos-SP. Após a seleção, os frutos foram lavados e higienizados em solução com Sumaveg® a 200 mg 100g-1 de cloro livre, por 5 minutos. Em seguida, os frutos foram levados à câmara fria, a 12±2°C, onde permaneceram por 12 horas prévias ao processamento. O processamento constituiu na retirada da casca e das extremidades para a obtenção dos frutos inteiros. Para a obtenção das metades, foi realizado um corte no sentido longitudinal da fruta descascada e, para obtenção das rodelas, foram realizados cortes, a cada 2 cm, transversais à altura do fruto descascado. Os tratamentos assim obtidos foram acondicionados em contentores de tereftalato de polietileno transparente e com tampa, com capacidade de 1.000 mL (marca Neoform® N-94). As embalagens foram armazenadas em expositores refrigerados a 3°C, por um período de 16 dias, sendo as análises realizadas a cada 4 dias. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial 3x5: três processamentos e cinco datas de amostragem (0;4;8;12 e 16 dias), com três repetições por tratamento. Avaliaram-se a perda de massa fresca, os teores de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), a relação (SS/AT), ácido ascórbico, além da análise sensorial dos produtos. Os frutos inteiros foram os preferidos quanto à intenção de compra e apresentaram melhores resultados quanto ao teor de sólidos solúveis, de acidez titulável, relação sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável e teor de ácido ascórbico. A maior perda de massa fresca foi verificada no processamento em rodelas.

Helical tomotherapy for the treatment of anal canal cancer: a dosimetric comparison with 3D conformal radiotherapy.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The standard treatment of anal canal cancer (ACC) is combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT), which is complex because of the shape of the target volumes and the need to minimize the irradiation of normal pelvic structures. In this study we compared the dosimetric results of helical tomotherapy (HT) plans with traditional 3D conformal RT (3DRT) plans for the treatment of ACC. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Twelve patients (median age 57 years, range 38-83; F/M 8/4) treated with HT and concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced ACC were selected. All had histologically confirmed squamous-cell carcinoma. A clinical target volume including the tumor and pelvic and inguinal lymph nodes was treated with HT to a total dose of 36 Gy in 1.8-Gy daily fractions. Then a sequential boost of 23.4 Gy in 1.8-Gy daily fractions (total dose 59.4 Gy) was delivered to the tumor and involved nodes. For all 12 patients, 3DRT plans were generated for comparison. Treatment plans were evaluated by means of standard dose-volume histograms. Dose coverage of the planning target volumes (PTVs), homogeneity index (HI), and mean doses to organs at risk (OARs) were compared. RESULTS: The coverage of PTV was comparable between the two treatment plans. HI was better in the HT vs. 3DRT plans (1.25 and 3.57, respectively; p<0.0001). HT plans resulted in better sparing of OARs (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: HT showed superior target dose conformality and significant sparing of pelvic structures compared with 3DRT. Further investigation should determine if these dosimetric improvements will improve clinical outcomes regarding locoregional control, survival, and treatment-related acute and late morbidity.

Role of brachytherapy in the treatment of cancers of the anal canal. Long-term follow-up and multivariate analysis of a large monocentric retrospective series.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are few data on long-term clinical results and tolerance of brachytherapy in anal canal cancer. We present one of the largest retrospective analyses of anal canal cancers treated with external beam radiotherapy with/without (±) chemotherapy followed by a brachytherapy boost. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical results in terms of efficacy and toxicity. The impact of different clinical and therapeutic variables on these outcomes was studied. RESULTS: From May 1992 to December 2009, 209 patients received brachytherapy after external beam radiotherapy ± chemotherapy. Of these patients, 163 were stage II or stage IIIA (UICC 2002) and 58 were N1-3. According to age, ECOG performance status (PS), and comorbidities, patients received either radiotherapy alone (58/209) or radiochemotherapy (151/209). The median follow-up was 72.8 months. The 5- and 10-year local control rates were 78.6 and 73.9 %, respectively. Globally, severe acute and late G3-4 reactions (NCI-CTC scale v. 4.0) occurred in 11.2 and 6.3 % of patients, respectively. Univariate analysis showed the statistical impact of the pelvic treatment volume (p = 0.046) and of the total dose (p = 0.02) on the risk of severe acute and late toxicities, respectively. Only six patients required permanent colostomy because of severe late anorectal toxicities. CONCLUSION: After a long follow-up time, brachytherapy showed an acceptable toxicity profile and high local control rates in patients with anal canal cancer.

Reação de aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) à Meloidogyne enterolobii

O Brasil é o maior produtor, consumidor e exportador de acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) do mundo. Por conter altos teores de vitamina C, tornou-se uma fruta altamente requisitada no mercado mundial para o preparo de sucos e no consumo in natura. Nos últimos anos, as lavouras desta fruta vêm apresentando um decréscimo nas produções em razäo da ocorrência de nematoides de galhas (Meloidogyne spp.), um dos principais problemas que afetam a cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de genótipos de aceroleira frente à Meloidogyne enterolobii. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas/UNESP - Câmpus de Botucatu (SP). Foram utilizados cinco clones: Cereja-Brs-236; Fruta Cor- Brs-238; Roxinha-Brs-237; Mirandópolis; Japi, e três variedades: Okinawa; Olivier e Waldy-CATI. Cada planta foi inoculada com 2.500 ovos e eventuais juvenis de segundo estádio (Pi) de M. enterolobii. Após 60 dias, a parte área de cada planta foi descartada, e o sistema radicular lavado, submetido à coloração com floxina-B e examinado para a obtenção dos índices de galhas (IG) e massa de ovos (IMO), e processados pelo método de trituração em liquidificador, peneiramento e centrifugação com sacarose para a obtenção do número total de ovos (Pf), que foi utilizado para o cálculo do fator de reprodução (Pf/Pi). Todos os clones e as variedades foram considerados suscetíveis à Meloidogyne enterolobii apresentando os fatores de reprodução variando de 4,1 a 18,3.

Algoritmos interactivos para la separación de fuentes y deconvolución de canal mediante Java

El objetivo de estos programas es crear una herramienta que nos permita, de una manera fácil, entender mejor la separación de fuentes y la deconvolución de canal . Por eso se presenta el diseño, mediante Java, de una página web [1]: http//www.uvic.es/projectes/SeparationSources con carácter marcadamente didáctico para el estudio y evaluación de diferentes algoritmos propuestos en la bibliografía.

Carcinoma do esôfago com invasão do canal medular: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Os autores apresentam o caso de paciente do sexo masculino, 62 anos de idade, com emagrecimento há quatro meses e diminuição da força muscular associada a parestesias em membros inferiores há dois dias. Foi submetido a mielotomografia, que demonstrou massa no mediastino posterior com destruição dos corpos vertebrais e invasão do canal medular, além de espessamento irregular das paredes do esôfago. Na evolução, foi submetido a estudo contrastado do esôfago, que demonstrou falha de enchimento irregular. A biópsia confirmou a presença de carcinoma de células escamosas. Este é o primeiro relato na literatura latino-americana (Lilacs) de carcinoma de esôfago com invasão de canal medular e manifestação inicial de síndrome de compressão medular.

Formações císticas epidurais relacionadas a bursite interespinhosa, cisto sinovial e cisto discal

Os autores apresentam casos de cistos epidurais, dentre eles os cistos sinoviais, discais, do ligamento amarelo e relacionados a bursite interespinhosa, todas essas condições determinando compressão radicular, do saco dural ou estenose do canal vertebral. Descrevem as características de imagem e localização na ressonância magnética nessas diferentes afecções.

Resultate und ausser- gewöhnliche Komplikationen der Chirurgie der Gehörgangexostosen [Results and extraordinary complications of surgery for exostoses of the external auditory canal].

We present a retrospective study on 22 operations of exostosis of the external auditory canal in 20 patients. 8 patients were passionated by water sports. The most frequent indication for surgery (13 operations) was recurrent external otitis or ceruminal obstruction. In 7 cases the need for a wider access to the middle ear indicated surgery. Surgery was usually performed as an outpatient procedure, maximum hospitalization was 3 days. The mean healing period was 6 (3-10) weeks. Mean follow up was 43 (3-110) months. There were no severe intraoperative complications such as facial paresis, lesions of the ossicles or of the inner ear. As intraoperative complications we found 2 perforations of the tympanic membrane, 2 expositions of the capsule of the mandibular joint, one of which was followed by chronic pain. As postoperative complications we found an early soft tissue stenosis of the external auditory canal and one late soft tissue stenosis which recurred after revision surgery. No recurrence of exostosis was seen. We describe an up to now unknown complication: the appearance of bilateral petrositis caused by staphylococcus epidermidis after bilateral surgery in an otherwise healthy patient. This study confirms that severe complications are rare, minor ones however relatively common. And that also minor complications may have a troublesome follow. Therefore and because of the potential of severe complications indication for surgery must be made cautiously and risks of the operation must not be underestimated.

Les WNK kinases et les effets de WNK3 sur l'activité du canal ENaC

Les WNK kinases sont une famille de sérine/thréonine protéines kinases, des enzymes capables de phosphoryler le résidu OH de sérine ou thréonine. Quatre membres (WNK 1-4) ont été identifiés, largement distribués dans les cellules et tissus des mammifères et dont les fonctions sont de réguler des canaux ioniques et cotransporteurs. Leur particularité se situe au niveau de leur structure puisque une lysine a été substituée par une cystéine dans le domaine catalytique, d'où leur nom « with-no-lysine kinase » (McCormick and Ellison, 2011). Leur rôle dans le bon fonctionnement du rein et plus particulièrement dans le contrôle et maintien du bilan hydro-sodé n'est plus à vérifier puisque des mutations dans WNK 1 et WNK 4 sont connues pour causer la maladie de l'hypertension familiale ou syndrome de pseudohypoaldostéronisme de type 2, aussi appelé syndrome de Gordon (ou Fhht = Familial hyperkalaemic hypertension) (Furgeson and Linas, 2010). Le syndrome de Gordon est une maladie génétique autosomale dominante caractérisée par une hypertension, une hyperkaliémie et une acidose métabolique. Les WNKs contrôlent de nombreux canaux et transporteurs dans le rein, devenant des acteurs importants dans la régulation du bilan sodique et potassique. Leurs effets sont nombreux et variables et les canaux jouant un rôle clé dans cette régulation sont ENaC, NCC et ROMK (Kahle et al., 2008). Dans ce travail, nous commencerons par une partie théorique faisant le point sur l'organisation des néphrons et la régulation du bilan sodique et les différents mécanismes entrant en jeu. Nous intégrerons des informations générales concernant les WNKs ainsi qu'une revue plus détaillée de leurs effets respectifs dans le néphron. Pour terminer, nous aborderons les résultats d'une expérience qui a été réalisée en laboratoire sur des oocytes de Xenopus laevis. L'implication de WNK1 et WNK4 dans le contrôle du sodium ayant déjà été prouvée à de nombreuses reprises, nous nous sommes intéressés ici aux effets de WNK3 sur le canal ENaC ainsi que l'implication de Nedd4-2 dans ce procédé.

Mecanização no preparo de amostras por microondas: o estado da arte

This review presents the latest advances of the mechanisation in sample preparation using microwave oven. The fundamental principles of microwaves field interaction with matter are presented, followed by the basic principles of microwave equipment construction. Hyphenation of microwave oven with flow injection analysis or robotic are discussed as well as some metodological difficulties and solutions by its implementation.

Preparo de óxido de nióbio suportado em alumina por deposição química em fase vapor: caracterização por espectroscopia vibracional e termogravimetria

Alumina supported niobium oxide was prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of NbCl5. The alumina was calcined and pretreated at differents temperatures in order to vary the density of OH groups on the surface which was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. A good correlation was found between the amount of anchored niobium and the total number of anionic sites (oxide and hydroxyl groups) on the surface of the alumina. The infrared spectra on the OH stretching region indicate that OH groups coordinated to at least one tetrahedral aluminum were more reactive towards NbCl5.

Alternativa al poder; establecimiento de poder: el discurso en el canal en YouTube de Podemos

Peer-reviewed

Gerenciamento de resíduos laboratoriais: recuperação de elementos e preparo para descarte final

This work shows some laboratory waste management developed in order to recover some elements or to prepare the waste for a correct final disposal. The 25 elements chosen cover basically all chemical behaviors found for the metals in the Periodic Table. The treatments adopted were based on the classical behavior in aqueous solution (wet chemistry) but an important condition for a full success was the previous knowledge of the qualitative composition of the wastes treated. Some general trends were found: the final liquid waste was always saline and normally presented a higher volume than the original waste; most original wastes were acid in nature; steps such as solid-liquid separation, washing, evaporating and calcining were currently performed. This work was also a very good experience in chemistry in solution for students and showed them the need of treating wastes for a better environment.

Polímeros biomiméticos em química analítica. Parte 1: preparo e aplicações de MIP ("Molecularly Imprinted Polymers") em técnicas de extração e separação

MIPs are synthetic polymers that are used as biomimetic materials simulating the mechanism verified in natural entities such as antibodies and enzymes. Although MIPs have been successfully used as an outstanding tool for enhancing the selectivity or different analytical approaches, such as separation science and electrochemical and optical sensors, several parameters must be optimized during their synthesis. Therefore, the state-of-the-art of MIP production as well as the different polymerization methods are discussed. The potential selectivity of MIPs in the extraction and separation techniques focusing mainly on environmental, clinical and pharmaceutical samples as applications for analytical purposes is presented.