Predição de propagação de fissuras através de modelos constitutivos locais e técnica de construção progressiva da trajetória de descontinuidade

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estrutura, ultraestrutura e morfometria da aorta de paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) criada em cativeiro

The aim of this study was to describe the morphology, morphometry and ultrastructure of segments of thoracic and abdominal aorta portions in four male and female paca (Cuniculus paca). Parts of the segments were examined by light microscopy and part by scanning electron microscopy. Thickness measurements of the tunica intima and media complex and tunica adventitia of the aorta were taken. In all animals the thickness values for the tunica intima and media complex of the cranial thoracic aorta were significantly higher (mean: 702.19 mu m) when compared to the values of other aortic segments analyzed (means: 354.18 mu m; 243.55 mu m). The layers of the vessel walls show variations in structure and thickness, presumably due to an adaptation to functionaldemand.

Estrutura em quilha Brasil central, uma feicao fundamental na geologia de Goias e Tocantins

The older Precambrian geological setting of north Goias/south Tocantins includes three areas of granite-greenstone terrains formed of medium-grade gneisses with associated greenstone belts and nepheline syenitic gneisses, separated by two orogenic belts composing a crustal-scale pop-up structure. The movements were firstly oblique towards NW along the northwestern NNE-SSW-trending Porto Nacional suture, and afterwards of essentially frontal type towards ESE along the southeastern Ceres suture of curved geometry with N-S direction at north and WNW-ESE at the south. The Porangatu block, limited by these sutures, was upthrusted over the neighbouring underthrusted blocks. Three principal kinematic phases are recognized along the orogenic belts. -from English summary

Estrutura de guildas de polinizacao de Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. e S. variabile Mart. (Solanaceae)

Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Solanum aculeatissimum and S. variabile (Solanaceae) were considered in this study with special reference to floral visitants and their behavior. The most frequent Solanum visitors are bees of the genus Centris, Epicharis, Bombus, Oxaea and Xylocopa that collect pollen from the anthers by means of body vibration. The behavior of those bees on the flowers and their flight distances makes them important pollinators mainly to Solanum aculeatissimum that bears cross-pollination. The guild of pollination of Solanum aculeatissimum and S. variable is composed by bees of the cited genus and by bees of the genus Thygather, Pseudaugochloropsis and Euglossa.

Estudo de modelo alternativo para estimação de componentes de (co)variância e predição de valores genéticos de características de crescimento em bovinos da raça Nelore

The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for non-standardized weights at nursing (PR120), at weaning (PR240), at yearling (PR365) and at post yearling (PR550), and to predict EPD's (expected progeny differences) for these traits using records from 29,769 Nellores. Covariance components and genetic parameters were estimated by mixed-model methodology, REML, using an animal model. Models for PR120, PR240, PR365 and PR455 included the random direct and maternal animal effects, the dam permanent environmental effect and the error. Fixed effects were contemporary group (CG) and age of cow at parturition (CIVP) and the covariate age of the calf at measuring. Two additional models for PR365, PR455 and PR550 analyses were used: the first included CG and CIVP, animal and maternal direct effect, residual and age of the calf (as covariate), and the second included CG and CIVP (as fixed effects), animal direct effect, residual and age of calf at measuring. Observed means±standard deviations were: 127±25kg (PR120); 191±34kg (PR240); 225±42kg (PR365); 266±51kg (PR455) and 310±56kg (PR550). From single-trait analyses, direct and maternal heritabilities for PR120, PR240, PR365 and PR455 were, respectively, .23 and .08; .19 and .10; .24 and .04; .30 and .04. Direct heritabilities were .39; .44 and .43, respectively, for PR365, PR455 and PR550. In the model without permanent effect, direct and maternal heritabilities for PR365, PR455 and PR550 were .25 and .08; .32 and .07; .38 and .03, respectively. When the estimates for standardized traits at the same period were compared, no differences in magnitude were found. Rank correlation had important changes when standardized and non-standardized traits were compared.

Ultra-estrutura de glândulas abdominais tegumentares em Oxaea flavescens (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Oxaeinae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Microemulsões: Estrutura e aplicações como sistema de liberação de fármacos

Depending on formula composition, microemulsions may be used as a vehicle for drug administration. In this work the main applicable parameters used in the development of pharmaceutical microemulsions (ME) are analyzed. The conceptual description of the system, theoretical parameters related to formation of internal phases and some aspects of ME stability are described. The pseudo ternary phase diagram is used to characterize ME boundaries and to describe different structures in several regions of the diagram. Some applications of ME as drug delivery systems for different administration routes are also analyzed. ME offer advantages as drug delivery systems, because they favor drug absorption, being in most cases faster and more efficient than other methods in delivering the same amount of drug.

Estrutura genética de populações de Trichilia pallida Swartz (Meliaceae) por marcadores RAPD

Trichilia pallida Swartz is an Atlantic Forest shady climax tree of Meliaceae family that presents insecticide properties against chewing insects like as some family trees, making it interesting for forestry uses. Forty plants of Oito Pontas Farm population were collected in Bofete County, Santa Genebra Ecological Station in Campinas County, and Caetetus Ecological Station in Gélia County, all in the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Leaf DNA analysis was used by RAPD method, that showed 10 highly polymorphic primers, with 72 dominant markers, used to estimate genetic diversity within and among populations. The polymorphism within populations varied from 90.3 to 97.2%, and the effective allele number varied from 1.46 ± 0.33 to 1.57 ± 0.33, while the average of genetic differentiation of populations varied from 0.27 ± 0.18 to 0, 33 ± 0.15. The gene diversity in the total population (H T) was 0.334 ± 0.02, while the average gene diversity within populations (H s) was 0.292 ± 0.017, and the coefficient of gene differentiation (G ST) was 0.125, Bofete and Campinas populations had the smallest Nei's genetic distance (0.049) and the distances of both with Gália were 0.117 and 0.107, respectively.

Geração de modelos digitais de superfície por meio de plataformas computacionais com estrutura vetorial e raster

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrate the technologies related to Geoprocessing, with the ability to manipulate georeferenced information through data storage, management and analysis. One of the GIS applications is the generation of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) as a result of rebuilding the elevation of a region using computation tools and artificial representation. This paper presents the DEM created from a point base in two computational frameworks with different structures (vector and raster), comparing the contour lines generated from these models with the original contour lines from analog cartographic base. It was observed that one of the generated models presented some discrepancies related to real space for both GIS structures. However, using constrained Delaunay's triangulation in raster GIS a digital elevation model was generated with contour lines quite close to the original ones, with satisfactory results. A 3-D terrain representation was also created offering a very useful tool for analysis.

Efeitos do parasitismo sobre a estrutura branquial de Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello e Britsk, 1988 (Anastomidae) e Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes:Characidae).

This work described the lesions caused in different species of fish by gill parasites from fee-fishing at Guariba, State of São Paulo. The research was developed from april, 1997 to march to 1999, seeking to verified the kind tissues lesions from fish. Of these, forty and seven were Leporinus macrocephalus and fifty and five Piaractus mesopotamicus. About 87.2% of the L. macrocephalus, and 58.1% of the P. mesopotamicus were sponged by several species of parasites. The parasite most abundant in L. macrocephalus was Piscinoodinium pillulare, while monogenean, Trichodina sp and myxosporidian infected P. mesopotamicus. Severe gill lesions have been observed in L. macrocephalus and P. mesopotamicus caused by monogenean, P. pillulare e Trichodina sp. parasitism, such as intersticial hemorrhage, sub-epithelium edema, inflammation, epitelial hiperplasy in filaments and lamina, proliferation of mucosal cells and laminar fusion.

Comparações entre equações de predição de consumo de capim-elefante cortado para vacas lactantes

This work aimed to compare intake prediction equations with values obtained by direct methods using chopped elephant-grass offered to crossbreed lactating cows with rumen canulas. The experimental design was a 3 x 3 Latin square (three animals and three cutting ages: 30, 45 and 60 days). The equations used for intake prediction (y) were: (1) y= -1.19 + 0.035(a+b) + 28.5c; (2) y= [%NDF on DM]*[NDF intake]/[(1- a - b)/KP+b/(c+kp)]/24; (3) y= -0.822 + 0.0748(a+b) + 40.7c and (4) equation 2 with values of intake measured directly. The predictions of NDF intake by equations were not different among treatments, instead of the difference among values measured directly: the 30 day-old had lower intake (5.29 kg/day) in relation to 45 (6.57 kg/day) and 60 (7.31 kg/day) day-old grasses. In general, equations overestimated the DM intake in relation to direct measuring (9.0 kg/cow/day), with exception of equation 3 which underestimated the intake (7.7 kg/day). The means of DM intake found by equations 1 and 2 (13.7 and 13.4 kg/cow/day, respectively) were similar between themselves and superior in relation to those found by equation 4 (9.7 kg/cow/day). The intakes measured directly were similar to those found in equation 4 and higher than those found by equation 3. The mean of rumen fill of 7.5 kg was superior to those of 5.2 kg estimated by equation. The prediction equations based on in situ degradability parameters do not supply estimates of DM intake, NDF intake and rumen fill in agreement with values obtained by direct methods.

Inferência bayesiana na predição de valores genéticos do peso aos 365 dias de bovinos de corte

Data from purebred Simmental, Nellore and Canchim cattle breeds obtained from the respective Brazilian Associations of Breeders were used to estimate variance components and to predict genetic values for 365 days weight. The results obtained by Bayesian inference were compared to those from Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) and Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP), which are the most commonly used methods of estimation and prediction in animal breeding. The two methods presented similar point estimates but the study of the marginal posterior distributions in the Bayesian approach yields more detailed information about the parameters and other unknowns in the model.

Estrutura térmica identificada por transectos móveis e canal termal do Landsat 7 em cidade tropical

This study aims to examine the thermal structure of the urban climate based on the interpretation of the satellite Landsat 7 (thermal channel) and measures for the area. It identifies how the production of urban climate develops based on an analysis of the structure of space forms and characteristics of land use and constructive materials in the generation of heat islands and their implications in environmental comfort in a tropical climate medium size city at Brazil. To check intra-urban air temperature, measures were carried out in mobile transects in the North-South and East-West routes. Thermal Channel data of Landsat-7, were converted to surface values. The results showed that the pattern of urbanization and characteristics of land use are responsible for the distribution of temperature generating heat islands in downtown and popular densely built neighborhoods. In those cases the highest indexes of social segregation added to higher temperature also provokes elevation in the number of illnesses and morbidity cases, mostly of respiratory diseases.

Estrutura do capim-braquiária durante o diferimento da pastagem

This experiment was performed aiming to evaluate tiller population density, forage mass and its morphological components on pastures of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk. during deferment. The treatments encompassed four deferred grazing periods (18, 46, 74 and 121 days). A randomized block design with two replications was used. The numbers of vegetative tillers (VT), reproductive tillers (RT) and dead tillers (DT) in the pasture were determined. The masses of green leaf blade (GLBM), dead stem (DSM) and dead forage (DFM) were also determined. There was a reduction in the number of VT (from 1, 491 to 944 tiller m-2) during the deferment period. RT and DT numbers were not influenced by the deferment periods. Their averages were 211 and 456 tiller m-2, respectively. Longer deferring periods resulted in an increase in GSM (from 2, 965 to 4, 877 kg ha-1 of dry mass) and DFM (from 2, 324 to 4, 823 kg ha-1 of dry mass), but it did not influence GLBM (average of 2, 047 kg ha-1 of dry mass). In Viçosa, Minas Gerais State Brazil, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk pasture fertilized and deferred in the beginning of March must be kept deferred for about 70 days in order to conciliate both quality and quantity forage production.

Estrategias de ingresos de los hogares rurales de México: el papel de las actividades desarrolladas fuera del predio agrícola

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