1000 resultados para Persones


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Disseny de una interfície perquè un usuari puga desenvolupar un sistema molt efectiu en la comunicació augmentativa, que és el sistema de comunicació per intercanvi d'imatges per a persones amb trastorns generalitzats del desenvolupament.

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El treball és el primer èxit en persones de la tècnica que va permetre el naixement de l"ovella Dolly

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Un estudi desmunta tòpics sobre les persones amb responsabilitats: tenir control dóna més tranquil·litat que viure subordinat al que decideixen altres

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Diferents estudis apunten que les persones que donen suport a la pena de mort, les guerres preventives i la cursa armamentística tenen una estructura cerebral diferent

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Sóc de l’opinió que hem d’analitzar acuradament els fets històrics precedents i veure què feien els nostres avantpassats per conèixer i viure més intensament el present, i també per encarar amb més precisió el futur. Saber en quines situacions es van trobar ens pot servir per plantar cara al present, amb actituds, coneixements i intuïcions que provenen de l’herència de la història que ens precedeix.Ben segur que és aquest el principal motiu que m'ha empès a dur a terme aquesta recerca i convertir-la en el meu Treball de Fi de Grau. Cal analitzar l’exili republicà, conseqüència directa de la victòria de l’exèrcit rebel. Amb l'inici de la dictadura de Francisco Franco, el procés demogràfic generacional a Espanya va patir un greu sotrac. Amb la “modernització del país” propugnada pel Caudillo, molts homes i dones es van veure forçats a marxar precipitadament del seu poble, d'on provenien i on tenien les seves arrels, per arribar a grans ciutats, totalment contràries a la seva manera de viure rural. Aquests milions de persones que van deixar el país o van canviar de domicili van ser víctimes d'aquest “nou ordre” franquista.

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La violència vers les dones està tan arrelada a la societat que ha estat pràcticament invisible durant molts anys. L’any 1979, l’ONU va reconèixer que és “el crim encobert més freqüent del món” i, l’OMS, l’any 1996, va declarar que la prevenció de la violència especialment contra les dones i els infants és una prioritat de Salut Pública. Això és degut a la important prevalença de la violència i les greus repercussions que comporta en la salut de les dones i famílies que la pateixen. A més de constituir una violació dels drets humans i d’atemptar contra la seguretat, la llibertat i la dignitat de les persones, aquestes formes de violència deterioren el benestar físic, sexual, reproductiu, psíquic, mental i social de les persones i les famílies que la pateixen ja que afecta a totes les esferes de la salut. Les conseqüències immediates i a llarg termini que s’han vinculat amb aquest tipus de violència inclouen: les lesions físiques, l’embaràs no desitjat, l’avortament, les complicacions ginecològiques, les infeccions de transmissió sexual (inclosa la infecció pel VIH), el trastorn d’estrès posttraumàtic i la depressió, entre d’altres.

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Néixer, créixer, madurar, envellir i morir, són les etapes que travessa l’ésser humà al llarg de la seva vida, però no necessàriament s’ha d’envellir per arribar a la mort. Hi ha persones que la vida biològica s’acaba abans de la mort. Són els pacients terminals. Per tenir cura dels malalts al final de la seva vida, s’implanten els cuidatges pal·liatius. A partir d’aquests cuidatges, es proporciona una atenció global, activa i continuada als pacients i als seus familiars, amb l’objectiu de millorar la qualitat de vida i cobrir totes les necessitats d’aquests pacients.

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La Organització Mundial de la Salut (OMS) defineix l’envelliment actiu com el procés pel qual s’optimitzen les oportunitats de benestar físic, social i mental durant tota la vida amb l’objectiu d’ampliar l’esperança de la vida saludable, la productivitat i la qualitat de vida en la vellesa. He decidit centrar el tema del Treball de Final de Grau en la demència degut a l’augment de la població anciana del món que hi ha hagut durant aquest temps i el que es donarà en els pròxims anys a Espanya. És un problema de salut que hi és present en l’etapa de l’envelliment de les persones i que pel seu important impacte psicosocial i econòmic, se situa com un problema de salut pública prioritari a ser tractat.

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La paraula desigualtat en salut és un terme amb molt ressò els últims anys, i un tema d’actualitat que ha desembocat en el desenvolupament d’estratègies de salut pública en diversos països. La desigualtat en salut té el seu origen en les desigualtats polítiques, econòmiques i socials que existeixen en la societat. Fa referència a les diferents oportunitats i recursos relacionats amb la salut que tenen les persones en relació a la classe social, gènere, ètnia o territori. Per tant, el concepte de desigualtat en salut té una dimensió ètica i moral. Es refereix a diferències en salut innecessàries, inevitable, injustes i intolerables. Assolir la equitat en salut equivaldria a donar oportunitat a tots els individus i a tots els col·lectius de desenvolupar la seva salut. En la majoria de països del món, incloent Espanya, s’ha evidenciat l’existència de desigualtats en matèria de salut pel que fa a l’accés als serveis de salut dels col·lectius més desafavorits.

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En aquest experiment es vol analitzar com associen les persones una sèrie d'imatges amb conceptes relacionats. Per aquest motiu, es crea una aplicació per a mòbils que permeti als participants en l'experiment realitzar una sèrie de tests còmodament en qualsevol moment i que transmeti les dades als responsables de l'experiment.

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Per decidir democràticament cal estar informat o el consens s"obté gràcies a les persones desinformades?

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És molt probable que les persones insolidàries, com les implicades en corrupció, vegin la resta de persones com mers instruments per satisfer la seva cobdícia

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L’emigració té a veure amb una mobilitat que, subjacent al desplaçament físic del subjecte que emigra, en realitat es refereix a una redefinició identitària. Qui emigra duu amb ell una herència cultural que ha d’aprendre a readaptar al nou territori on s’instal·larà. Per això l’antropologia de les migracions cada vegada més centra els seus esforços en dos aspectes: en primer lloc, la globalització que, amb la seva pretensió d’esborrar les fronteres o de fer-les irrellevants, facilita en gran mesura els desplaçaments de milions de persones arreu del món; en segon lloc, la convicció postmoderna d’una erosió profunda de les identitats fortes que presenta l’immigrant com un paradigma del que significa avui la flexibilitat identitària.

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The purpose of this article is to treat a currently much debated issue, the effects of age on second language learning. To do so, we contrast data collected by our research team from over one thousand seven hundred young and adult learners with four popular beliefs or generalizations, which, while deeply rooted in this society, are not always corroborated by our data.Two of these generalizations about Second Language Acquisition (languages spoken in the social context) seem to be widely accepted: a) older children, adolescents and adults are quicker and more efficient at the first stages of learning than are younger learners; b) in a natural context children with an early start are more liable to attain higher levels of proficiency. However, in the context of Foreign Language Acquisition, the context in which we collect the data, this second generalization is difficult to verify due to the low number of instructional hours (a maximum of some 800 hours) and the lower levels of language exposure time provided. The design of our research project has allowed us to study differences observed with respect to the age of onset (ranging from 2 to 18+), but in this article we focus on students who began English instruction at the age of 8 (LOGSE Educational System) and those who began at the age of 11 (EGB). We have collected data from both groups after a period of 200 (Time 1) and 416 instructional hours (Time 2), and we are currently collecting data after a period of 726 instructional hours (Time 3). We have designed and administered a variety of tests: tests on English production and reception, both oral and written, and within both academic and communicative oriented approaches, on the learners' L1 (Spanish and Catalan), as well as a questionnaire eliciting personal and sociolinguistic information. The questions we address and the relevant empirical evidence are as follows: 1. "For young children, learning languages is a game. They enjoy it more than adults."Our data demonstrate that the situation is not quite so. Firstly, both at the levels of Primary and Secondary education (ranging from 70.5% in 11-year-olds to 89% in 14-year-olds) students have a positive attitude towards learning English. Secondly, there is a difference between the two groups with respect to the factors they cite as responsible for their motivation to learn English: the younger students cite intrinsic factors, such as the games they play, the methodology used and the teacher, whereas the older students cite extrinsic factors, such as the role of their knowledge of English in the achievement of their future professional goals. 2 ."Young children have more resources to learn languages." Here our data suggest just the opposite. The ability to employ learning strategies (actions or steps used) increases with age. Older learners' strategies are more varied and cognitively more complex. In contrast, younger learners depend more on their interlocutor and external resources and therefore have a lower level of autonomy in their learning. 3. "Young children don't talk much but understand a lot"This third generalization does seem to be confirmed, at least to a certain extent, by our data in relation to the analysis of differences due to the age factor and productive use of the target language. As seen above, the comparably slower progress of the younger learners is confirmed. Our analysis of interpersonal receptive abilities demonstrates as well the advantage of the older learners. Nevertheless, with respect to passive receptive activities (for example, simple recognition of words or sentences) no great differences are observed. Statistical analyses suggest that in this test, in contrast to the others analyzed, the dominance of the subjects' L1s (reflecting a cognitive capacity that grows with age) has no significant influence on the learning process. 4. "The sooner they begin, the better their results will be in written language"This is not either completely confirmed in our research. First of all, we perceive that certain compensatory strategies disappear only with age, but not with the number of instructional hours. Secondly, given an identical number of instructional hours, the older subjects obtain better results. With respect to our analysis of data from subjects of the same age (12 years old) but with a different number of instructional hours (200 and 416 respectively, as they began at the ages of 11 and 8), we observe that those who began earlier excel only in the area of lexical fluency. In conclusion, the superior rate of older learners appears to be due to their higher level of cognitive development, a factor which allows them to benefit more from formal or explicit instruction in the school context. Younger learners, however, do not benefit from the quantity and quality of linguistic exposure typical of a natural acquisition context in which they would be allowed to make use of implicit learning abilities. It seems clear, then, that the initiative in this country to begin foreign language instruction earlier will have positive effects only if it occurs in combination with either higher levels of exposure time to the foreign language, or, alternatively, with its use as the language of instruction in other areas of the curriculum.

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The purpose of this article is to treat a currently much debated issue, the effects of age on second language learning. To do so, we contrast data collected by our research team from over one thousand seven hundred young and adult learners with four popular beliefs or generalizations, which, while deeply rooted in this society, are not always corroborated by our data.Two of these generalizations about Second Language Acquisition (languages spoken in the social context) seem to be widely accepted: a) older children, adolescents and adults are quicker and more efficient at the first stages of learning than are younger learners; b) in a natural context children with an early start are more liable to attain higher levels of proficiency. However, in the context of Foreign Language Acquisition, the context in which we collect the data, this second generalization is difficult to verify due to the low number of instructional hours (a maximum of some 800 hours) and the lower levels of language exposure time provided. The design of our research project has allowed us to study differences observed with respect to the age of onset (ranging from 2 to 18+), but in this article we focus on students who began English instruction at the age of 8 (LOGSE Educational System) and those who began at the age of 11 (EGB). We have collected data from both groups after a period of 200 (Time 1) and 416 instructional hours (Time 2), and we are currently collecting data after a period of 726 instructional hours (Time 3). We have designed and administered a variety of tests: tests on English production and reception, both oral and written, and within both academic and communicative oriented approaches, on the learners' L1 (Spanish and Catalan), as well as a questionnaire eliciting personal and sociolinguistic information. The questions we address and the relevant empirical evidence are as follows: 1. "For young children, learning languages is a game. They enjoy it more than adults."Our data demonstrate that the situation is not quite so. Firstly, both at the levels of Primary and Secondary education (ranging from 70.5% in 11-year-olds to 89% in 14-year-olds) students have a positive attitude towards learning English. Secondly, there is a difference between the two groups with respect to the factors they cite as responsible for their motivation to learn English: the younger students cite intrinsic factors, such as the games they play, the methodology used and the teacher, whereas the older students cite extrinsic factors, such as the role of their knowledge of English in the achievement of their future professional goals. 2 ."Young children have more resources to learn languages." Here our data suggest just the opposite. The ability to employ learning strategies (actions or steps used) increases with age. Older learners' strategies are more varied and cognitively more complex. In contrast, younger learners depend more on their interlocutor and external resources and therefore have a lower level of autonomy in their learning. 3. "Young children don't talk much but understand a lot"This third generalization does seem to be confirmed, at least to a certain extent, by our data in relation to the analysis of differences due to the age factor and productive use of the target language. As seen above, the comparably slower progress of the younger learners is confirmed. Our analysis of interpersonal receptive abilities demonstrates as well the advantage of the older learners. Nevertheless, with respect to passive receptive activities (for example, simple recognition of words or sentences) no great differences are observed. Statistical analyses suggest that in this test, in contrast to the others analyzed, the dominance of the subjects' L1s (reflecting a cognitive capacity that grows with age) has no significant influence on the learning process. 4. "The sooner they begin, the better their results will be in written language"This is not either completely confirmed in our research. First of all, we perceive that certain compensatory strategies disappear only with age, but not with the number of instructional hours. Secondly, given an identical number of instructional hours, the older subjects obtain better results. With respect to our analysis of data from subjects of the same age (12 years old) but with a different number of instructional hours (200 and 416 respectively, as they began at the ages of 11 and 8), we observe that those who began earlier excel only in the area of lexical fluency. In conclusion, the superior rate of older learners appears to be due to their higher level of cognitive development, a factor which allows them to benefit more from formal or explicit instruction in the school context. Younger learners, however, do not benefit from the quantity and quality of linguistic exposure typical of a natural acquisition context in which they would be allowed to make use of implicit learning abilities. It seems clear, then, that the initiative in this country to begin foreign language instruction earlier will have positive effects only if it occurs in combination with either higher levels of exposure time to the foreign language, or, alternatively, with its use as the language of instruction in other areas of the curriculum.