Anesthesia-related mortality in pediatric patients: a systematic review

This systematic review of the Brazilian and worldwide literature aimed to evaluate the incidence and causes of perioperative and anesthesia-related mortality in pediatric patients. Studies were identified by searching EMBASE (1951-2011), PubMed (1966-2011), LILACS (1986-2011), and SciElo (1995-2011). Each paper was revised to identify the author(s), the data source, the time period, the number of patients, the time of death, and the perioperative and anesthesia-related mortality rates. Twenty trials were assessed. Studies from Brazil and developed countries worldwide documented similar total anesthesia-related mortality rates (<1 death per 10,000 anesthetics) and declines in anesthesia-related mortality rates in the past decade. Higher anesthesia-related mortality rates (2.4-3.3 per 10,000 anesthetics) were found in studies from developing countries over the same time period. Interestingly, pediatric perioperative mortality rates have increased over the past decade, and the rates are higher in Brazil (9.8 per 10,000 anesthetics) and other developing countries (10.7-15.9 per 10,000 anesthetics) compared with developed countries (0.41-6.8 per 10,000 anesthetics), with the exception of Australia (13.4 per 10,000 anesthetics). The major risk factors are being newborn or less than 1 year old, ASA III or worse physical status, and undergoing emergency surgery, general anesthesia, or cardiac surgery. The main causes of mortality were problems with airway management and cardiocirculatory events. Our systematic review of the literature shows that the pediatric anesthesia-related mortality rates in Brazil and in developed countries are similar, whereas the pediatric perioperative mortality rates are higher in Brazil compared with developed countries. Most cases of anesthesiarelated mortality are associated with airway and cardiocirculatory events. The data regarding anesthesia-related and perioperative mortality rates may be useful in developing prevention strategies.

Formação e capacitação profissional no setor hoteleiro de Ponta Negra, Natal/RN

This paper aims to analyse and discuss the labour in hospitality industry, specially the hospitality trade in Ponta Negra Natal/RN, Brazil, since the tourism has increased in the city, by investigating if the tourism field is suitable for public politics programs and labour qualification. The choice for Ponta Negra is because it has become the focus of tourism development in Natal. The research was developed by using qualitative approach of investigation, by means of some procedures such as: bibliographic and empirical researches, by using questionnaires with workers and recruiting personnel of hotels, always following a theory and a reflexive descriptive attitude. This dissertation involves eight chapters: Neoliberalism and labour; Economical and spatial restructuring of Rio Grande do Norte; Public politics concerning tourism area; Tourism, graduation and qualification in hospitality industry; Qualification for tourism hospitality; Hotels: territorialization and unterritorialization; Social qualification reality of people involved in hospitality activities in Ponta Negra, Natal/RN, Brazil; and Final considerations and recommendations. Therefore, this paper intends to contribute for understanding professional qualification in hospitality trade, confronting the needs that the service requires, and mainly, in the tourism sector, which is increasing in our city, Natal

Laboratorio de gestión urbana: plan parcial de expansión macroproyecto Ciudadela Gonzalo Vallejo Restrepo Pereira

Incluye Bibliografía

Fusiones y adquisiciones transfronterizas en México durante los años noventa

Incluye Bibliografía

Las redes de protección social: modelo incompleto

Incluye Bibliografía

Guía conceptual y metodológica para el desarrollo y la planificación del sector turismo

Incluye Bibliografía

Empleo e ingresos rurales no agrícolas en América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía

Políticas de concesión vial: análisis de las experiencias de Chile, Colombia y Perú

Incluye Bibliografía

Chile: las reformas estructurales y la inversión privada en áreas de infraestructura

Incluye Bibliografía

A contribuição do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) para o Sistema Público de Saúde do município de Araraquara

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ecodiseño en el hábitat tropical

Incluye Bibliografía

Evaluación de daños y pérdidas en El Salvador ocasionados por la tormenta tropical Ágatha

Incluye bibliografía

El financiamiento de la infraestructura: propuestas para el desarrollo sostenible de una política sectorial

Incluye Bibliografía

El cluster lácteo en Chile

Incluye Bibliografía

Customs transit in the South American countries

Reseña los antecedentes institucionales del transporte terrestre internacional por carretera en Sudamérica: el tránsito aduanero en los convenios de transporte internacional: el tratamiento del tránsito aduanero en la ALALC; interés de los ministros de obras públicas y de transporte de los países del Cono Sur en el Convenio TIR; otras actividades.