Quitosana imobilizada em suporte inerte para a adsorção de corantes alimentícios em coluna de leito fixo

O uso de corantes sintéticos na indústria de alimentos tem provocado transtornos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente. A quitosana pode ser imobilizada em matrizes sólidas e aplicada na remoção de corantes em coluna de leito fixo. A análise da dinâmica de uma coluna de leito fixo é baseada na curva de ruptura, esta é dependente da geometria da coluna, das condições operacionais e dos dados de equilíbrio. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o recobrimento de esferas de vidro por quitosana e sua aplicação como adsorvente de corantes em coluna de leito fixo. No estudo do recobrimento avaliaram-se os efeitos da concentração de quitosana e dos métodos de cura. As esferas recobertas foram aplicadas em ensaios de adsorção estático e dinâmico. Inicialmente, avaliou-se o equilíbrio de adsorção através da construção de isotermas e ajuste de modelos, e após, avaliaram-se os efeitos do tipo de cura e do grau de desacetilação da quitosana. Em seguida, foram analisados os efeitos do tipo de corante e do pH, e o comportamento cinético da adsorção pela construção de curvas de ruptura e ajuste de modelos dinâmicos. A influência da altura do leito e da concentração inicial de corante sobre os parâmetros da adsorção em leito fixo foram analisados através da metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR). Ao final, estudou-se a regeneração da coluna. Os resultados mostraram que os maiores percentuais de recobrimento foram obtidos pelos métodos físico e físico/químico, na concentração de quitosana de 0,5% (m/v). Nestas condições o percentual de recobrimento foi de 46%. Nas imagens da superfície das esferas (MEV) observou-se que as mesmas foram recobertas de forma homogênea pela quitosana. As isotermas de equilíbrio obtidas foram classificadas como do tipo V, sendo o modelo de Sips o mais adequado para representar os dados experimentais. As capacidades máximas de adsorção foram 337 mg g-1, 286 mg g-1 e 200 mg g-1 para os corantes amarelo tartrazina, amarelo crepúsculo e vermelho 40, respectivamente. A aplicação das esferas recobertas com quitosana em leito fixo mostrou-se mais adequada utilizando o método de cura físico/químico e quitosana com grau de desacetilação de 85%. A máxima capacidade de adsorção da coluna em função do corante e do pH variou de 13 a 108 mg g–1. Os modelos BDST (bed–depth–service–time), Thomas e Yoon–Nelson foram adequados para representar os dados experimentais. De acordo com a MSR, o melhor desempenho do leito foi com altura de 30 cm e concentração inicial de corante de 50 mg L-1. Nestas condições, obteve-se tempo de ruptura de 88 min, máxima capacidade da coluna de 108 mg g-1 e remoção de 86 %. Na regeneração da coluna observou-se que cerca de 75% da capacidade máxima da coluna foi mantida após cinco ciclos de adsorção–eluição. Diante do exposto, a coluna de leito fixo empacotada com esferas recobertas com quitosana mostrou-se promissora na remoção de corantes de soluções aquosas.

Diferencia en la evolución de pacientes con diagnóstico de problemas de columna vertebral tratados con crioterapia y baños de parafina, complementados con otras modalidades terapéuticas del sector académico y administrativo de la Facultad Multidisciplinaria Oriental Universidad de El Salvador, período de julio a septiembre de 2010.

La columna vertebral es la estructura más importante del sistema esquelético, encargada de dar equilibrio y sostén al cuerpo humano, en ella se insertan los músculos de la espalda, por lo que cualquier alteración da origen a diversas afecciones entre las cuales están, cervicalgia, dorsalgia y lumbalgia. Las alteraciones de la columna vertebral pueden aparecer de forma brusca o progresiva, la mayoría de estos problemas se manifiestan por, dolor, inflamación y espasmos musculares, producido especialmente por el Stress laboral en ciertas actividades de la vida diaria que en algunos casos puede manifestarse de tal forma que llegan a ser incapacitantes.

Embolisation of Vertebral Artery Damaged Following Cervical Disc Removal

Introduction: The incidence of vertebral artery (VA) injury during cervical spine surgery is rare. Even though tamponade is effective in many cases, early consultation of an endovascular team is recommended if bleeding cannot be controlled. We report a case of emergent endovascular embolisation of left VA due to iatrogenic injury during anterior cervical disc removal and fusion. Case: A 47-year-old woman was admitted to our emergency department with serious arterial bleeding from the neck only hours after undergoing anterior cervical disc removal and fusion surgery. She was intubated and mechanically ventilated, however hemorrhage could not be successfully controlled by packing with surgical hemostatic agents. Cranial computed tomography, computed tomography of the cervical spine and CT angiography confirmed the suspected diagnosis of injury to the VA. Emergent endovascular embolisation successfully stopped the bleeding. Occlusion of the vessel was achieved by vascular plugging. The patient was discharged from our hospital 14 days after the intervention, receiving a revision surgery of the cervical spine on the day of embolisation. At the date of discharge she presented without any focal neurological deficit. Conclusion: Pre-operative radiographic imaging of the cervical spine should be used routinely to identify anatomic abnormalities of the vertebral arteries. Endovascular embolisation appears to be effective in treating acute iatrogenic dissection of the vertebral arteries.

Factors associated with an increased risk of vertebral fracture in monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance

International audience

Estudio epidemiológico retrospectivo de neoplasias diagnosticadas por histopatología en caninos en una clínica veterinaria de Bogotá D. C.

Tesis (Médico Veterinario). -- Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Medicina Veterinaria, 2014

Análisis retrospectivo sobre la presentación de neoplasias en la glándula mamaria en caninos en la clínica de pequeños animales de La Universidad de La Salle en la ciudad de Bogotá

Tesis (Médico Veterinario). -- Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Medicina Veterinaria, 2014

Neoplasias y seudoneoplasias en el hurón (Mustela putorius furo)

El hurón (Mustela putorius furo) se ha convertido en una mascota exótica muy popular. Las enfermedades neoplásicas de los hurones son una sección relevante en la patología quirúrgica veterinaria. En este trabajo se presentan la descripción morfológica y el diagnóstico de 9 neoplasias y otras 3 pseudoneoplasias. Los diagnósticos corresponden a biopsias recibidas en un laboratorio particular de patología veterinaria en Monterrey, N.L., durante el período enero 2010 a diciembre 2014. Los diagnósticos incluyen: tumor de células cebadas (2/12), linfoma (2/12), mesotelioma en peritoneo (1/12), epitelioma sebáceo (1/12), leiomiosarcoma (1/12), cordoma (1/12), carcinoma cortical adrenal (1/12). En algunos casos cuando así lo ameritaba se realizaron tinciones especiales e inmunohistoquímica. Las lesiones pseudoneoplásicas resultaron ser linfadenitis (1/12) esplenomegalia (1/12) y quiste de glándulas apócrinas (1/12). En un hurón se demostró la concomitancia de dos lesiones, quiste de glándulas apócrinas y mastocitoma. En este estudio se reconoció un cordoma y un carcinoma cortical de adrenal, neoplasias raras en animales pero frecuentes en el hurón. Sin embargo, no se identificó el insulinoma, también referido frecuentemente en hurones. Esto puede deberse al escaso número de muestras. La presentación espontánea de neoplasias en el hurón constituye un área de enorme interés en patología quirúrgica veterinaria y también en patología comparada.

Age and growth of the bigeye thresher shark, Alopias superciliosus, from the pelagic longline fisheries in the tropical northeastern Atlantic Ocean, determined by vertebral band counts

The bigeye thresher, Alopias supercilious, is commonly caught as bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries targeting swordfish. Little information is yet available on the biology of this species, however. As part of an ongoing study, observers sent aboard fishing vessels have been collecting set of information that includes samples of vertebrae, with the aim of investigating age and growth of A. supercilious. A total of 117 specimens were sampled between September 2008 and October 2009 in the tropical northeastern Atlantic, with specimens ranging from 101 to 242 cm fork length (FL) (176 to 407 cm total length). The A. supercilious vertebrae were generally difficult to read, mainly because they were poorly calcified, which is typical of Lamniformes sharks. Preliminary trials were carried out to determine the most efficient band enhancement technique for this species, in which crystal violet section staining was found to be the best methodology. Estimated ages in this sample ranged from 2 to 22 years for females and 1 to 17 years for males. A version of the von Bertalanffy growth model (VBGF) re-parameterised to estimate L(0), and a modified VBGF using a fixed L(0) were fitted to the data. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to compare these models. The VBGF produced the best results, with the following parameters: L(inf) = 293 cm FL, k = 0.06 y(-1) and L(0) = 111 cm FL for females; L(inf) = 206 cm FL, k = 0.18 y(-1) and L(0) = 93 cm FL for males. The estimated growth coefficients confirm that A. supercilious is a slow-growing species, highlighting its vulnerability to fishing pressure. It is therefore urgent to carry out more biological research to inform fishery managers more adequately and address conservation issues.

Age and growth of the smooth hammerhead shark, Sphyrna zygaena, in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, using vertebral sections

The smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena (Sphyrnidae) is regularly caught as bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries, but is one of the least studied of all pelagic sharks. Recently, ICCAT (International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas) issued recommendations underlining the need for more studies on the life history parameters of this and other pelagic shark species. To this end, the age and growth of S. zygaena were studied in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, in an area where growth parameters were not yet available for this species. Data from 139 specimens, caught between June and September 2009, ranging in size from 136 to 233 cm fork length (FL), were analysed. Preliminary trials were carried out to assess the most efficient growth band enhancement technique. These indicated that sectioning the vertebrae into 500 μm sections followed by staining with crystal violet produced the best results. Growth models were fitted using the traditional von Bertalanffy growth equation and a modification of this equation using a known size at birth. Growth models were compared using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). The von Bertalanffy growth equation seemed to be the most adequate model to describe growth in this species, with resulting growth parameters of L inf = 272 cm FL, k = 0.06 year for males and L inf = 285 cm FL, k = 0.07 year for females. In the first four years of life, S. zygaena grows 25 cm per year on average, but its growth slows down in later life. Future stock assessment models should incorporate these age and growth parameters for species management and conservation.

Congenital thoracic vertebral malformations in brachycephalic “screw-tailed” dog breeds: Validation of a human classification scheme and a method of Cobb angle measurement in the assessment of vertebral column deformity

Congenital vertebral malformations are common in brachycephalic “screw-tailed” dog breeds such as French bulldogs, English bulldogs, Boston terriers, and Pugs. Those vertebral malformations disrupt the normal vertebral column anatomy and biomechanics, potentially leading to deformity of the vertebral column and subsequent neurological dysfunction. The initial aim of this work was to study and determine whether the congenital vertebral malformations identified in those breeds could be translated in a radiographic classification scheme used in humans to give an improved classification, with clear and well-defined terminology, with the expectation that this would facilitate future study and clinical management in the veterinary field. Therefore, two observers who were blinded to the neurologic status of the dogs classified each vertebral malformation based on the human classification scheme of McMaster and were able to translate them successfully into a new classification scheme for veterinary use. The following aim was to assess the nature and the impact of vertebral column deformity engendered by those congenital vertebral malformations in the target breeds. As no gold standard exists in veterinary medicine for the calculation of the degree of deformity, it was elected to adapt the human equivalent, termed the Cobb angle, as a potential standard reference tool for use in veterinary practice. For the validation of the Cobb angle measurement method, a computerised semi-automatic technique was used and assessed by multiple independent observers. They observed not only that Kyphosis was the most common vertebral column deformity but also that patients with such deformity were found to be more likely to suffer from neurological deficits, more especially if their Cobb angle was above 35 degrees.

Melhoria da atenção à prevenção e controle das neoplasias de colo de útero e mama na UBS Recreio/Anajás, Piripiri/PI

O trabalho foi desenvolvido no período de três meses, entre agosto e novembro de 2014, preferencialmente em mulheres dentro das faixas etárias alvo para controle e rastreamento de câncer de colo uterino e neoplasia de mama. A UBS 05-Recreio/Anajás localizada no município de Piripiri-PI, possui 898 famílias, 2915 usuários cadastrados, com 42% de citologias e 16 % de mamografias atualizadas. O câncer de colo de útero e o câncer de mama são os cânceres de maior prevalência em se tratando da saúde da mulher, doenças com grandes chances de cura quando diagnosticadas oportunamente por meio de rastreamento adequado. A finalidade da Estratégia da Saúde da Família, como atenção primária em saúde, é oportunizar a captação da mulher para o rastreamento de câncer de colo de útero e de mama. O trabalho teve como objetivo geral melhorar a promoção de saúde e a atenção à prevenção e controle, de neoplasia de colo de útero e neoplasia mamaria de uma comunidade urbana no município de Piripiri, estado do Piauí. A adoção do Caderno de Atenção Básica - n.º 13 (2013) Controle dos Cânceres de Colo de Útero e de Mama como referencial busca contribuir para a sistematização do acompanhamento na unidade de saúde. Para isso foi necessário sistematizar os cuidados de saúde através da intervenção, analisando a questão do controle dos cânceres de colo uterino e de mama sob a ótica da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) no município de PIRIPIRI-PI. Os profissionais da unidade de saúde e a comunidade foram envolvidos através do estabelecimento de objetivos, metas, ações e indicadores que visam contribuir com a melhoria da atenção à saúde e, consequentemente, da qualidade de vida das mulheres assistidas. A presente sistematização desenvolveu ações em quatro grandes eixos, monitoramento e avaliação, organização e gestão do serviço, engajamento público e qualificação da prática clínica. Descreve-se neste trabalho a experiência da intervenção realizada no período de três meses pelos profissionais da UBS em mulheres nas faixas etárias preconizadas residentes na área de abrangência da unidade básica de saúde. Os resultados mostram que as mulheres precisam de um acompanhamento, orientação e informações necessárias para melhorias nos cuidados com a saúde. A intervenção, além de trazer mudanças relacionadas ao trabalho da equipe da UBS Recreio em Piripiri, trouxe melhorias no registro das informações de acompanhamento e estimulou a participação da comunidade na busca pelo acompanhamento e realização dos exames de detecção precoce. A evolução dos indicadores foi positiva, a intervenção alcançou porcentagens próximas às metas em alguns indicadores. O projeto de intervenção foi uma experiência que através do acompanhamento na unidade de saúde podem-se vivenciar os conceitos básicos de atenção primária e percebeu-se a necessidade de se fortalecer as políticas de saúde para controle das neoplasias femininas mais prevalentes em nosso meio.

Histologic Correlation Of Expression Of Ki-67 In Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Glottis According To The Degree Of Cell Differentiation.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasm of the larynx and glottis, and its prognosis depends on the size of the lesion, level of local invasion, cervical lymphatic spread, and presence of distant metastases. Ki-67 (MKI67) is a protein present in the core, whose function is related to cell proliferation. To evaluate the expression of marker Ki-67 in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and glottis and its correlation to pathological findings. Experimental study with immunohistochemistry analysis of Ki-67, calculating the percentage of the cell proliferation index in glottic squamous cell carcinomas. Sixteen cases were analyzed, with six well-differentiated and 10 poorly/moderately differentiated tumors. There was a correlation between cell proliferation index and degree of cell differentiation, with higher proliferation in poorly/moderately differentiated tumors. The cell proliferation index, as measured by Ki-67, may be useful in the characterization of histological degree in glottic squamous cell tumors.

[larynx Cancer: Quality Of Life And Voice After Treatment].

Treatments for patients with laryngeal cancer often have an impact on physical, social, and psychological functions. To evaluate quality of life and voice in patients treated for advanced laryngeal cancer through surgery or exclusive chemoradiation. Retrospective cohort study with 30 patients free from disease: ten total laryngectomy patients without production of esophageal speech (ES); ten total laryngectomy patients with tracheoesophageal speech (TES), and ten with laryngeal speech. Quality of life was measured by SF-36, Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL), and Voice Handicap Index (VHI) protocols, applied on the same day. The SF-36 showed that patients who received exclusive chemoradiotherapy had better quality of life than the TES and ES groups. The V-RQOL showed that the voice-related quality of life was lower in the ES group. In the VHI, the ES group showed higher scores for overall, emotional, functional, and organic VHI. Quality of life and voice in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy was better than in patients treated surgically. The type of medical treatment used in patients with laryngeal cancer can bring changes in quality of life and voice.

[repeated Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology For The Diagnosis And Follow-up Of Thyroid Nodules].

The recently-proposed Bethesda reporting system has offered clinical recommendations for each category of reported thyroid cytology, including repeated fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for non-diagnostic and atypia/follicular lesions of undetermined significance, but there are no sound indications for repeated examination after an initial benign exam. To investigate the clinical validity of repeated FNA in the management of patients with thyroid nodules. The present study evaluated 412 consecutive patients who had repeated aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules after an initial non-diagnostic, atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance, or benign cytology. The majority of patients were female (93.5%) ranging from 13 to 83 years. Non-diagnostic cytology was the most common indication for a repeated examination in 237 patients (57.5%), followed by benign (36.8%), and A/FLUS (5.6%) cytology. A repeated examination altered the initial diagnosis in 70.5% and 78.3% of the non-diagnostic and A/FLUS patients, respectively, whereas only 28.9% of patients with a benign cytology presented with a different diagnosis on a sequential FNA. Repeat FNA is a valuable procedure in cases with initial non-diagnostic or A/FLUS cytology, but its routine use for patients with an initial benign examination appears to not increase the expected likelihood of a malignant finding.