Níveis de energia digestível para leitoas dos 30 aos 60 kg mantidas em ambiente frio (15°C)

Vinte e cinco leitoas dos 30 aos 60 kg PV, mantidas em temperatura ambiente baixa, foram usadas para avaliar o efeito de níveis de energia digestível de 3100 a 3700 kcal/kg de ração sobre desempenho, composição da carcaça e níveis séricos de hormônio da tireóide. O ganho de peso diário não foi influenciado pelo nível de energia digestível (ED) da ração, porém influiu de forma linear decrescente nos consumos de ração e proteína. A conversão alimentar melhorou de forma linear com o aumento do nível de ED da ração. O consumo de ED aumentou linearmente com a inclusão de óleo de soja na ração. Foi observado efeito do nível de ED da ração sobre a taxa de deposição de gordura e proteína, que aumentou e reduziu linearmente, respectivamente. As concentrações séricas de triiodotironina livre das leitoas aumentaram linearmente com o nível de energia da ração. O nível de energia da ração não influenciou os pesos absoluto e relativo dos órgãos avaliados.

Proteína bruta para suínos machos castrados mantidos em ambiente de conforto térmico dos 15 aos 30 kg

RESUMO - Este experimento foi realizado para determinar a exigência de proteína bruta para suínos mestiços (Landrace x Large White), machos, castrados dos 15 aos 30 kg, mantidos em ambiente de conforto térmico. Durante o período experimental, a temperatura da sala manteve-se em 23,1±1,19°C, com umidade relativa de 80,6±4,59% e índice de temperatura do globo e umidade de 69,85±1,38. Foi usado um total de 60 leitões mestiços, machos castrados, com peso médio inicial de 14,8±0,85kg e final de 29,3±2,42 kg. Foi usado delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (17,0; 18,0; 19,0; 20,0; e 21,0% de proteína bruta), seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. O nível de proteína bruta na ração influenciou o ganho de peso diário e os consumos de proteína e lisina diários, que aumentaram linearmente. Entretanto, a conversão alimentar diminuiu linearmente. Não houve efeito do nível de proteína sobre os consumos de ração e energia diários. A taxa de deposição de gordura não foi influenciada, enquanto a taxa de deposição de proteína aumentou quadraticamente até o nível de 20,0% de proteína bruta. Os pesos absolutos do fígado e do intestino e o peso relativo do fígado aumentaram linearmente com o crescente nível de proteína bruta da ração. A concentração de uréia plasmática não foi influenciada pelos níveis de proteína bruta da ração. Suínos mestiços, machos, castrados de 15 a 30 kg, mantidos em ambiente de conforto térmico exigem 20,0% de proteína bruta na ração, correspondente a 0,90% de lisina total ou 57 g de proteína/Mcal ED. O nível de uréia no plasma sangüíneo não foi um parâmetro adequado para estimar a exigência de proteína bruta.

Effect of iron on inhibition of acid demineralisation of bovine dental enamel in vitro

Objectives: Iron ions (Fe2+) have been shown to be cariostatic in many studies particularly by their ability to reduce bacterial metabolism. Nevertheless, the role of iron ions on dissolution of enamel is unexplored. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the protective effect of increasing concentrations (0-120 mmol/L) of Fe2+ on the dissolution of enamel.Design: Enamel powder was subjected to acetic acid made with increasing concentrations with respect to FeSO4 center dot 7H(2)O. In order to determine the amount of enamel dissolved, the phosphate released in the medium was analysed spectrophotometrically using the Fiske-Subarrow method. Data were tested using Kruskall-Wall and Dunn's tests (p < 0.05). The degree of protection was found to approach maximum at about 15 mmol/L Fe2+. Higher concentrations of Fe2+ did not have an extra effect on inhibition of dissolution of enamel powder. In the next step, the protective effect of 15 mmol/L Fe2+ against mineral dissolution of the bovine enamel was evaluated using a simple abiotic model system. Enamel blocks were exposed to a sequence of seven plastic vials, each containing 1 mL of 10 mmol/L acetic acid. The acid in vial 4 was made 15 mmol/L with respect to FeSO4 center dot 7H(2)O. The mineral dissolved during each challenge was thus determined by phosphate released as described above. Data were tested using two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results: Lower demineralisation (around 45%) was found in vial 4 (with Fe) that continued stable until vial 7.Conclusions: Thus, our data suggest that Fe2+, can be effective on inhibition of dissolution of enamel and that this effect may be durable. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

ANTI-HERBIVORE PROTECTION BY MUTUALISTIC SPIDERS and THE ROLE of PLANT GLANDULAR TRICHOMES

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Characterization of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Expressing VEGF and its Receptors in the Subventricular Zone of Newborn Piglet Brain

Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSP) biology and neurogenesis in adult central nervous system (CNS) are important both towards potential future therapeutic applications for CNS repair, and for the fundamental function of the CNS. In the present study, we report the characterization of NSP population from subventricular zone (SVZ) of neonatal piglet brain using in vivo and in vitro systems. We show that the nestin and vimentin-positive neural progenitor cells are present in the SVZ of the lateral ventricles of neonatal piglet brain. In vitro, piglet NSPs proliferated as neurospheres, expressed the typical protein of neural progenitors, nestin and a range of well-established neurodevelopmental markers. Upon dissociation and subculture, piglet NSPs differentiated into neurons and glial cells. Clonal analysis demonstrates that piglet NSPs are multi-potent and retain the capacity to generate both glia and neurons. These cells expressed VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and Neuropilin-1 and -2 mRNAs. Real time PCR revealed that SVZ NSPs from newborn piglet expressed total VEGF and all VEGF splice variants. These findings show that piglet NSPs may be helpful to more effectively design growth factor based strategies to enhance endogenous precursor cells for cell transplantation studies potentially leading to the application of this strategy in the nervous system disease and injury.

Eficiência de extratos de plantas medicinais e aromáticas em atrair a abelha africanizada (Apis mellifera L.) em cultura de abacateiro (Persea americana Mili.)

The objective of the experiment was to test attractive substances for Africanized honey bees, Apis mellifera L., in avocado, Persea americana Mill. Were pulverized extracts of lemon grass (Cympobogon citratus), ocimum (Ocimum sellowii), Lippia alba, orange leaves (Citrus sinensis), eucaliptus leaves (Eucalyptus sp), eugenol and linalol and the frequency of bees on flowers were evaluated. The frequency of honey bees did increase with the application of the extracts falsa melissa, eucaliptus leaves and orange leaves, used as attractants in Quintal variety. The products tested in Eppendorf tubes did not increased the frequency the bees in Quintal and Fortuna varieties.

Comparative analysis of noncoding sequences of orthologous bovine and human gene pairs

Genomic sequence comparison across species has enabled the elucidation of important coding and regulatory sequences encoded within DNA. Of particular interest are the noncoding regulatory sequences, which influence gene transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. A phylogenetic footprinting strategy was employed to identify noncoding conservation patterns of 39 human and bovine orthologous genes. Seventy-three conserved noncoding sequences were identified that shared greater than 70% identity over at least 100 bp. Thirteen of these conserved sequences were also identified in the mouse genome. Evolutionary conservation of noncoding sequences across diverse species may have functional significance, and these conserved sequences may be good candidates for regulatory elements.

Importância da linha de base pré-exposição das colinesterases (ChEs) no controle ocupacional a praguicidas organofosforados e carbamatos

The most immediate toxic effects of a poisoning for organophosphate or carbamate are promoted by inhibition of cholinesterases (ChEs). However, a serious limitation to the diagnosis of mild organophosphate or carbamate poisoning and to preventive screening of organophosphate-exposed workers has been the large interindividual variability in ChEs activity. This makes it necessary to obtain a pre-exposure baseline measurement of enzyme activity as a basis for evaluating subsequent declines. Thus, the objective of this work is demonstrate the value of the pre-exposure baseline in the interpretation of the results of the ChEs activity of the carbamate or organophosphate-exposed workers. Using Nabb & Whitfield (1967) method to analyze blood of 48 workers the results have shown a erythrocyte cholinesterase range of 10.1 to 19.7 μmol/min/mL and plasm cholinesterase range of 2.2 to 6.9 μmol/min/mL. Despite the large interindividual variation presented, when one used the pre-exposure baseline it was possible to correlate symptoms of light poisoning of the exposure workers to carbamate with fall in the Er-ChE activity lesser then 30% of the pre-exposure baseline activity.

A fatal attack caused by a lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in Southeastern Brazil

A 55-year-old man was attacked by a Brazilian tapir (Tapirus terrestris) after surprising and stabbing the animal in his corn plantation. The victim received deep bites in the thighs, neck, and cervical areas, resulting in severe hemorrhage and death. This is the first report of a tapir incident resulting in death and is of interest because of the severity of the contusions and lacerations caused by the provoked animal.

Myxopapillary ependymoma of the posterior mediastinum

A left paravertebral mass discovered incidentally on routine examination in a 39-year-old woman is described. Computerized tomography studies revealed a 7 × 6 cm, well circumscribed, noncalcified soft tissue mass with lobular borders abutting the left inferior pulmonary vein and descending aorta. It was not possible to determine the exact anatomic location of the mass based on the imaging studies as both peripheral lung tumors and posterior mediastinal lesions may exhibit the imaging findings described here. At thoracotomy, the mass was seen to be well circumscribed, focally attached to the pleura but without involvement of lung parenchyma, and situated in the left posterior mediastinum. On histological examination, the lesion showed the classical features of myxopapillary ependymoma. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed this impression by demonstrating strong positivity of the tumor cells for S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and CD99 and negative staining with other differentiation markers. A review of the literature with a discussion of the histologic and radiologic differential diagnosis of these lesions is presented. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Carbon isotope composition as a tool for quality control of herbs, spices and medicinal plants

Isotope screening is a simple and cheap test for determining the photosynthetic pathway used by plants. The scope of this work was to classify the photosynthetic type of Melissa officinalis L. and Cymbopogon citratus [DC.] Stapf, through studies of the carbon isotope composition (δ13 C), and we are proposing the use of carbon isotope composition results as a tool to control the quality of medicinal plants. For studies of δ 13C (13 C% = [R (sample)/R (standard) - 1] × 10 -3), dried, powdered leaves were analyzed in a mass spectrometer coupled with an elemental analyzer for determining the ratio R (R = 13CO2/12CO2). As results, M. officinalis presented a C3 photosynthetic type, and C. citratus presented a C4 photosynthetic type. The carbon isotope composition from this study can be used as quality control of M. officinalis adulterants.

Prevalence of dental fluorosis in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in scholars aging 12 to 15 years old, residents in the city of Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: 1318 volunteers were enrolled in this study and examined in 18 public schools of the State of São Paulo. The examinations were performed in the schools' court by three dentists (with a Master's degree in Public Health), after toothbrushing supervised by another dentist. The teeth were dried with cotton pellets and examined under natural light by visual inspection, using an explorer as recommended by the WHO, a plane mirror and a tongue depressor. The Thylstrup-Fejerskov (TF) index was used for rating fluorosis. Intra and inter-examiner reproducibility was calculated and data were submitted to descriptive analysis. Results: Approximately 36% of the children presented dental fluorosis, of which 28% was diagnosed as TF1 while the remaining received scores between TF2 and TF4. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental fluorosis in Bauru is within the expected range, based on previous studies. Although fluoride is an important resource for caries control, its use must be adequate to the needs of each specific population.

Diferentes fontes proteicas em rações de leitões sobre atividade da tripsina e parâmetros sangüíneos

Were used 64 piglets submitted eight treatments: ration with skim milk (SM), three rations with crescent levels of swine plasma (SP), three rations with whole egg (WE) and a ration with high inclusion of soybean meal (SB). Were monitored the blood parameters (BP) in pigs at 27 and at 34 days of age. The piglets were slaugther at 28 and at 35 days of age, for collections pancreas and posterior mensurements of absolut (AW) and relative weigth (RW) of pancreas and trypsin activity (TA). Treatments not influencied AW and TA. Significant effect of the crescent levels was verified of SP, with lineal reduction of the leukocytes and increase of the globular volume, to the 27 days; while to the 34 days, lineal increase of the hematias was observed. At 27 days, animals feds rations with crescent levels of SP have inferior percentage of eosinophils than others that consumed crescent levels of WE. The utilization of SP promoted smaller stimulus to the immune reply, while the use of WE promoted larger humoral reply of the piglets.

Comercio intraindustrial entre las economías de Asia y el Pacífico y la Alianza del Pacífico, 2007-2011

Incluye bibliografía