Radical Ambition: A Portrait of the Toronto New Left, 1958-1985

This thesis examines the rise and decline of the New Left in Toronto from 1958 to 1985. It argues that New Leftism ��� whose three leading ideals were self-management, national liberation, and community ��� arose as much from the Old Left as it did from the peace movement. In contrast to earlier readings that interpret the New Left narrowly ��� essentially, as the combined forces of the white student and peace movements evident mainly on university campuses ��� this thesis documents the extent to which New Leftism, interpreted as a political formation, provided a framework for a diversity of radical social movements, especially feminism, Black Power, gay liberation, resistance to the capitalist redevelopment of the city, and transnational solidarity. It also questions a declensionist narrative that adopts a ���decadal��� approach to the radicalism of the sixties, according to which 1970 spelled the end of ���60s��� radicalism. Quite the contrary, this thesis argues: in Toronto, it would be truer to say that 1970s were ���the sixties,��� in that only in this later decade did many New Left movements attain their full maturity. New Leftists successfully challenged a host of institutions, sometimes with permanent effects. The educational system was transformed. Cultural institutions and practices were revolutionized. Questions of race and gender, once peripheral to the left, were made central to it. Democratic community institutions became far more powerful. A token of the strength and durability of the New Left in Toronto was the extent to which it remained the b��te noir of a series of other radical groups upholding the model of the vanguard communist party ��� which challenged the New Leftists��� prominence but many members of which often wound up agreeing with their positions. It was only in the early 1980s, with the ascent of a new right, that Toronto���s New Left unmistakably entered a period of decline. Yet, even then, many of its key themes were picked up by fast-growing anarchist and socialist feminist currents. Far from constituting a minor phenomenon, Toronto���s New Left, one of the largest movements for social justice in Canadian history, bequeathed to its progressive successors an imposing legacy of struggle and cultural achievements. It is the purpose of this thesis to evaluate, both critically and sympathetically, the extent to which the New Left attained its radical ambition.

Heavy Minerals in Soils from the Athabasca Basin and the Implications for Exploration Geochemistry of Uranium Deposits at Depth

The Centennial deposit is a high grade (~8% U3O8), deeply buried (~950m), unconformity-related U deposit located in the south-central region of the Athabasca Basin in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. The mineral chemistry of fine fractions (<63 ��m) of soils from grids above the Centennial deposit were examined to understand possible controls on the geochemistry and radiogenic 207Pb/206Pb ratios measured in the clay-size (<2 ��m) fractions used for exploration. Soil samples distal and proximal to the deposit projection to the surface and geophysically defined structures were selected. Mineral abundances were determined using the scanning electron microscope and Mineral Liberation Analysis. Zircon was the only U-rich mineral identified with modal abundances >0.02% by weight. Monazite, which can be U-rich, was identified, but not in significant abundances. The source of the zircon and other heavy minerals is interpreted to be from sub-cropping sources that are >100 km up-ice from Centennial. Trace element analysis using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry of hydroseparated zircon grains indicate that zircon abundances and zircon Pb concentrations in surficial samples have minimal effect on the radiogenic 207Pb/206Pb ratios in the clay-fraction of the samples, with the dominant source of radiogenic Pb being clay mineral surfaces that trapped Pb during secondary dispersion from the Centennial uranium deposit through faults and fractures to the surface. The REE patterns indicate HREE enrichment in the clay-fractions of samples that have higher abundances of zircon in the <20 ��m fraction. Immobile elements such as HREE that are concentrated in zircon can be used as indicators of radiogenic Pb being sourced from minerals at the surface rather than being sourced from secondary dispersion from deeply buried U deposits.

Empowering development: capabilities and Latin American critical traditions

This thesis theoretically and critically examines the move towards people-centred approaches to development. It offers a critical examination of the work of Amartya Sen using theoretical resources emerging from Latin American traditions. Amartya Sen���s calls to understand Development as Freedom (1999) have significantly influenced mainstream development thinking and practice, constituting the clearest example of people-centred approaches to development today. Overcoming the limitations of previous state-centred notions of development articulated around ideas of economic growth, in Sen���s Capability Approach (CA) development is seen as a process of expanding the real freedoms that people enjoy. In this understanding, the agency of development shifts from the state to individuals and the analytic focus moves from economic growth to individual capabilities. In this manner, this framework is structured towards the central goal of empowerment, wherein the expansion of capabilities is seen both as the means and end of development. Since its inception, the widespread support for the CA has allowed for the expansion of ethical considerations within mainstream development thinking. Even while the remarkable advances offered by Sen���s work should be praised, this thesis argues that these have come with new limitations. These limitations stem from, what is termed here, a ���Paradox of Empowerment��� that effectively encloses Sen���s approach within Western notions of development. While Sen���s approach is poised to provide a theoretical framework that is built on the expansion of freedom and individual agency, there is little agency here to move beyond the ideas of development fundamentally linked to liberal democracies and market economies. This thesis engages with several critical traditions from Latin America, recovering their often undervalued insights for development thinking. Crucially, this engagement provides the critical framework to illustrate the aforementioned paradox and explore multiple dimensions of empowerment central for contemporary development thinking and practice. In this, the thesis engages Sen���s work with the Liberation Theology of Gustavo Gutierrez, with Paulo Freire���s Critical Pedagogy and with the contemporary discussions of ���Buen Vivir��� associated with Indigenous philosophies of the Andean region. Throughout its chapters,it uncovers the conceptual baggage within the Paradox of Empowerment in Sen���s work and examines the ethical challenges and boundaries of this approach in relation to the collective dimension of development processes, the possibilities for structural transformation and concerns for sustainability. Progressively engaging the different dimensions of this paradox, this thesis advances the recovery of the transformative potential of the ideas of empowerment for development.

Liberating the Issue of Present Days. About the Foucaltian Critics of Inflationary Speeches on the Present as ���Mass Society��� and ���Estatalized Space���

With this article we pretend to contribute, in a really modest way, to the liberation of a tenacious image of our society: which operates as an ideological basis of a group of current socio-political pseudocritics, with great success and diffusion. For this we will undertake the exposition and the analysis of the development group of Naissance de la biopolitique in which Foucault accomplishes the critic of all that number of inflationary speeches that represent our society like a ���mass society��� and a ���estatalized space���. Facing these vague and disproportionate forms of consideration, the foucaltian critic, in its exquisite attention to what happens nowadays, it should reveal how our societies function as systems that optimize the difference ���radically nominalists-, in which it is produced, beyond any phantasmatic of the oppressor and invasive estate, a regretion of the legal-estate structures that articulate the socio-politic groups, in benefit of the reconstitution and the social tissue as a communitarian network, suitable for the dynamics of market competence that characterise our enterprise societies. That will open to a new idea of the critic, and to a displacement of its object and objectives.

Book Reviews: How Secularists Deal with Traditionalists (or Don���t)

Review of The Paradox of Liberation: Secular Revolutions and Religious Counterrevolutions, by Michael Walzer. Yale University Press. 172pp. ��16.99

Sistemas de produ����o de milho sob aduba����o nitrogenada e plantas de cobertura do solo

The no-tillage system is the predominant model in the agricultural scenario of southern Brazil. Thus, the use of cover crops is significant due to the addition of biomass to protect the soil surface, and contribute to the cycling and/or fixing of nutrients, and in particular nitrogen (N) with liberation for the subsequent culture. Among the cool season species, it was found predominant use of oat to obtain straw to system. Though large quantities input of residue is not the preferred species to precede the corn, cereal with relevant importance in the Paran�� Southwest region. It was aimed to evaluate the productivity capacity of corn in no-tillage, in the absence or presence of nitrogen fertilization, on waste of winter cover crops on soil and climatic conditions of the Paran�� Southwest region. The installation of no-tillage was held in 2010 in the experimental area belonging to UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos, on a Red Latosol. For the present study, we used data relating to three agricultural years (2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015). The experimental design was randomized block design with split plots with three replications. The main plots consisted of systems composed by cover crops (black oat, ryegrass, rye, turnip, vetch, white lupine, aot+vetch consortium and oat+vetch+turnip), preceding corn. In the subplots were used two doses of nitrogen fertilization (0 and 180 kg ha N) coverage in maize.The biggest coverage rates occurred in the consortium with 95% at 62 days after sowing. The residual effect of 180 kg ha cool season plants following year. The residual effect of 180 kg ha systems, reduced in 21% the C/N ratio of poaceae. The common vetch accumulated 32 kg N per ton of MS added. The oat and rye keeps more than 50% waste to the land cover, after 120 days, while the ryegrass and vetch provide low soil protection. Consortium oat+vetch+turnip, vetch and white lupine, released the largest amounts of N, between 52 and 59 kg ha brassica and consortia positively influencing the diameter and length of cobs, number of kernels per row and, total number of grains per ear of corn, in the absence of mineral N. The weight of a thousand grains was increased by 12.4% by the addition of 180 kg ha increase in productivity of grain by the addition of 180 kg ha N, was 2.1 Mg ha 5.6 Mg ha 6.4 Mg ha components when cultivated on vetch. Systems containing fabaceae, brassica and consortium oat+vetch+turnip, predating the corn, in the absence of mineral N, provided similar grain yelds inrelation to the systems with the addition of 180 kg ha Keywords: Cover crops. No-tillage. Grain yield. Zea mays - 1 -1 N, increased 4.8% coverage rate in the of N in corn/cover crops -1 -1 . Fabaceae, -1 N mineral. The average N, in relation to dose 0 kg ha corn kernels on fabaceae, brassica and consortium oat+vetch+turnip, and poaceae the grains in succession. The consortium added amount between 4.0 the DM in the years of study. There was no effect of mineral N rate for corn yield components when cultivated on vetch. Systems containing fabaceae, brassica and consortium oat+vetch+turnip, predating the corn, in the absence of mineral N, provided similar grain yelds inrelation to the systems with the addition of 180 kg ha-1 N.

Women, workplace militancy and political subjectivity in Britain, 1968-1985

This thesis examines the experiences and political subjectivity of women who engaged in workplace protest in Britain between 1968 and 1985. The study covers a period that has been identified with the ���zenith��� of trade-union militancy in British labour history. The women���s liberation movement also emerged in this period, which produced a shift in public debates about gender roles and relations in the home and the workplace. Women���s trade union membership increased dramatically and trade unions increasingly committed themselves to supporting ���women���s issues���. Industrial disputes involving working-class women have frequently been cited as evidence of women���s growing participation in the labour movement. However, the voices and experiences of female workers who engaged in workplace protest remain largely unexplored. This thesis addresses this space through an original analysis of the 1968 sewing-machinists��� strike at Ford, Dagenham; the 1976 equal pay strike at Trico, Brentford; the 1972 Sexton shoe factory occupation in Fakenham, Norfolk; the 1981 Lee Jeans factory occupation in Greenock, Inverclyde and the 1984-1985 sewing-machinists��� strike at Ford Dagenham. Drawing upon a combination of oral history and written sources, this study contributes a fresh understanding of the relationship between feminism, workplace activism and trade unionism during the years 1968-1985. In every dispute considered in this thesis, women���s behaviour was perceived by observers as novel, ���historic��� or extraordinary. But the women did not think of themselves as extraordinary, and rather understood their behaviour as a legitimate and justified response to their everyday experiences of gender and class antagonism. The industrial disputes analysed in this thesis show that women���s workplace militancy was not simply a direct response to women���s heightened presence in trade unions. The women involved in these disputes were more likely to understand their experiences of workplace activism as an expression of the economic, social and subjective value of their work. Whilst they did not adopt a feminist identity or associate their action with the WLM, they spoke about themselves and their motivations in a manner that emphasised feminist values of equality, autonomy and self-worth.

Youth Expression with Video Surveillance Technology

This qualitative study examines five young Afro-Franco Caribbean males in the Diaspora and their experiences with systems of technology as a tool of oppression and liberation. The study utilized interpretive biography and participatory video research to examine the issues of identity, power/control, surveillance technology, love and freedom. The study made use of a number of data collection methods including interviews, round table discussions, and personal narratives. A hermeneutic theoretical framework is employed to develop an objective view of the problems facing Afro-Franco Caribbean males in the schools and community. The purpose of the study is to provide an environment and new media technology that Afro-Franco Caribbean males can use to engage and discuss their views on issues mentioned above and to ultimately develop a video project to share with the community. Moreover, the study sought to examine an epistemological approach (Creolization) that young black males, particularly Afro-Franco-Caribbean males, might use to communicate, document, and share their everyday experiences in the Diaspora. The findings in the study reveal that the participants are experiencing: (a) a lack of community involvement in the urban space they currently reside, (b) frustration with the perspective of their home country, Haiti, that is commonly shown in mainstream media, and (c) ridicule, shame, and violence in the spaces (school and community) that should be safe. The study provides the community (both local and scholarly) with an opportunity to hear the voices and concerns of youth in the urban space. In addition the study suggests a need for schools to create a critical pedagogical curriculum in which power can be democratically shared.

La gubernamentalidad en lugares tur��sticos. Los casos de Christiania, Dinamarca, y San Crist��bal de las Casas, M��xico

El art��culo analiza el conflicto que se produce entre una comunidad y el Estado por el uso de un lugar. Espec��ficamente dos espacios sociales que presenciaron dos protestas sociales significativas o Revoluciones culturales; la ocupaci��n de una instalaci��n militar y el surgimiento del Ejercito Zapatista de Liberaci��n Nacional (EZLN). Estudiaremos los casos de Christiania en la ciudad de Copenhague, Dinamarca y San Crist��bal de las Casas en el estado de Chiapas, M��xico. Para el an��lisis utilizaremos la gubernamentalidad de Mitchell Dean basada en los escritos de Foucault. Este marco te��rico nos permitir�� conocer los procesos mediante los cuales un Estado y distintos grupos sociales negocian la conformaci��n de lo p��blico, im��genes y significados de actividades, recursos, leyes relacionados a la actividad tur��stica.

Escravos e libertos no Boletim Oficial de Angola (1845-1875)

Este artigo apresenta e analisa os resultados da pesquisa sobre a mat��ria da aboli����o legal da escravid��o e o estatuto jur��dico dos libertos, no Boletim do Governo-Geral da Provincia de Angola, mais tarde Boletim Official do Governo-geral da Provincia de Angola, entre 1845 e 1875, tentando apurar se e em que medida as normas abolicionistas e a restante legisla����o suplementar tiveram efectiva aplica����o nas prov��ncias ultramarinas portuguesas e, mais concretamente, em Angola, durante o s��culo XIX. O artigo completa a I parte, publicada no segundo n��mero da ���E-Revista de Estudos Interculturais do CEI���, em que expus e analisei os resultados sobre a mat��ria do estatuto jur��dico dos escravos e sua liberta����o por manumiss��o ou por via judicial, no mesmo peri��dico e em igual lapso temporal.

La pregunta: una experiencia pedag��gica de liberaci��n

Desde un an��lisis cr��tico y reflexivo de la educaci��n, se hace necesario preguntar por el sentido del lenguaje en los procesos formativos que hacen parte del acordona��miento ideol��gico de esta sociedad dirigida por la raz��n instrumental hacia los princi��pios del consumo y la competencia. Poner en este contexto el lugar de la pregunta por el lenguaje es, necesariamente, preguntar por el lugar y el prop��sito de la pregunta en la educaci��n. ��Tiene lugar la pregunta en la hegemon��a de un modelo capitalista que se extiende a la concepci��n mercantilista de la educaci��n? ��Qu�� intencionalidades le subyacen a la pregunta como acci��n pol����tica en la que se le da apertura al di��logo con criterios ��tico, pol��tico y propositivo? En este texto, me propongo desarrollar estas inquietudes desde el horizonte de indagaci��n de la pregunta como una ex��periencia pedag��gica de liberaci��n, en la cual se trazan retos epist��micos y est��ti��cos de relevancia en los prop��sitos de una educaci��n con responsabilidad social, y en el compromiso de un maestro con claridad pr��ctica y discursiva frente a su papel como sujeto pol��tico

Hombres y masculinidad ��un cambio de modelo?

En las ��ltimas d��cadas hemos asistido a un importante impulso en las investigaciones centradas en el an��lisis de las masculinidades. Este hecho no es casual y se debe fundamentalmente a dos razones. Una de car��cter pol��tico, relacionada con el cuestionamiento de una sociedad representada exclusivamente en t��rminos masculinos. Una segunda raz��n de car��cter cient��fico, ��si la feminidad deb��a ser explicada por qu�� no la masculinidad? Ambas razones han incidido en la desnaturalizaci��n de una supuesta masculinidad de car��cter universal y en la profusi��n de investigaciones tendentes a desvelar: las formas sociales de construir a los hombres, los mecanismos de reproducci��n del poder inscritos en los cuerpos, los desiguales modelos sociales en torno a lo masculino, las relaciones de dominaci��n que se producen entre hombres y mujeres, y entre los propios hombres. Este cuestionamiento te��rico de ���lo masculino��� ha estado muy vinculado al papel de los movimientos sociales y especialmente del feminismo y los movimientos de liberaci��n sexual, que han jugado un papel central en la redefinici��n del papel de hombres y mujeres, y por tanto en la b��squeda de nuevas alternativas a los modelos tradicionales, tambi��n entre los propios hombres. En las p��ginas siguientes nos aproximaremos precisamente a la noci��n de masculinidad y masculinidades, incidiendo en su car��cter relacional y cambiante, as�� como en sus distintas significaciones.

Starotestamentalny kontekst opis��w cudownych uwolnie�� z Dziej��w Apostolskich

Wydzia�� Teologiczny

MEN WRITING WOMEN: ���THE WOMAN QUESTION��� AND MALE DISCOURSE OF IRANIAN MODERNITY"

In this dissertation I explore ���The Woman Question��� in the discourse of Iranian male authors. A pro-modernity group, they placed women���s issues at the heart of their discourse. This dissertation follows the trajectory of the representation of ���The Woman Question��� as it is reflected in the male discourse over the course of a century. It discusses the production of a literature that was anchored in the idea of reform and concerned itself with issues pertaining to women. These men challenged lifelong patriarchal notions such as veiling, polygamy, gender segregation, and arranged marriages, as well as traditional roles of women and gender relations. This study is defined under the rubrics of ���The Woman Question��� and ���The New Woman,��� which I have borrowed from the Victorian and Edwardian debates of similar issues as they provide clearer delineations. Drawing upon debates on sexuality, and gender, this dissertation illustrates the way these men championed women was both progressive and regressive. This study argues that the desire for women���s liberation was couched in male ideology of gender relations. It further illustrates that the advancement of ���The Woman Question,��� due to its continuous and yet gradual shifting concurrent with each author���s nuanced perception of women���s issues, went through discernible stages that I refer to as observation, causation, remedy, and confusion. The analytical framework for this project is anchored in the ���why��� and the ���how��� of the Iranian male authors��� writings on women in addition to ���what��� was written. This dissertation examines four narrative texts���two in prose and two in poetry���entitled: ���Lankaran���s Vizier,��� ���The Black Shroud,��� ������Arefnameh,��� and ���Fetneh��� written respectively by Akhundzadeh, ���Eshqi, Iraj Mirza, and Dashti. Chapter one outlines the historical background, methodology, theoretical framework, and literature review. The following chapters examine, the advocacy for companionate marriage and romantic love, women and nationalistic cause, veiling and unveiling, and the emerging figure of the New Iranian Woman as morally depraved.

Sensitisation waves in a bidomain fire-diffuse-fire model of intracellular Ca����� dynamics

We present a bidomain threshold model of intracellular calcium (Ca�����) dynamics in which, as suggested by recent experiments, the cytosolic threshold for Ca����� liberation is modulated by the Ca����� concentration in the releasing compartment. We explicitly construct stationary fronts and determine their stability using an Evans function approach. Our results show that a biologically motivated choice of a dynamic threshold, as opposed to a constant threshold, can pin stationary fronts that would otherwise be unstable. This illustrates a novel mechanism to stabilise pinned interfaces in continuous excitable systems. Our framework also allows us to compute travelling pulse solutions in closed form and systematically probe the wave speed as a function of physiologically important parameters. We find that the existence of travelling wave solutions depends on the time scale of the threshold dynamics, and that facilitating release by lowering the cytosolic threshold increases the wave speed. The construction of the Evans function for a travelling pulse shows that of the co-existing fast and slow solutions the slow one is always unstable.