Validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of canine S100A12.

BACKGROUND Canine S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (cS100A12) shows promise as biomarker of inflammation in dogs. A previously developed cS100A12-radioimmunoassay (RIA) requires radioactive tracers and is not sensitive enough for fecal cS100A12 concentrations in 79% of tested healthy dogs. An ELISA assay may be more sensitive than RIA and does not require radioactive tracers. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to establish a sandwich ELISA for serum and fecal cS100A12, and to establish reference intervals (RI) for normal healthy canine serum and feces. METHODS Polyclonal rabbit anti-cS100A12 antibodies were generated and tested by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. A sandwich ELISA was developed and validated, including accuracy and precision, and agreement with cS100A12-RIA. The RI, stability, and biologic variation in fecal cS100A12, and the effect of corticosteroids on serum cS100A12 were evaluated. RESULTS Lower detection limits were 5 μg/L (serum) and 1 ng/g (fecal), respectively. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were ≤ 4.4% and ≤ 10.9%, respectively. Observed-to-expected ratios for linearity and spiking recovery were 98.2 ± 9.8% (mean ± SD) and 93.0 ± 6.1%, respectively. There was a significant bias between the ELISA and the RIA. The RI was 49-320 μg/L for serum and 2-484 ng/g for fecal cS100A12. Fecal cS100A12 was stable for 7 days at 23, 4, -20, and -80°C; biologic variation was negligible but variation within one fecal sample was significant. Corticosteroid treatment had no clinically significant effect on serum cS100A12 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The cS100A12-ELISA is a precise and accurate assay for serum and fecal cS100A12 in dogs.

Elisa Orzeszko : (geboren 1842 in Milkowszczyzna, Gouvernement Grodno, gestorben 18. Mai 1910 in Grodno)

Benjamin Segel

Elisa Orzeszko [Illustration] : (Porträt)

Scan von Monochrom-Mikroform

Direct and Indirect Measures of Capacity Utilization: A Nonparametric Analysis of U.S. Manufacturing

We measure the capacity output of a firm as the maximum amount producible by a firm given a specific quantity of the quasi-fixed input and an overall expenditure constraint for its choice of variable inputs. We compute this indirect capacity utilization measure for the total manufacturing sector in the US as well as for a number of disaggregated industries, for the period 1970-2001. We find considerable variation in capacity utilization rates both across industries and over years within industries. Our results suggest that the expenditure constraint was binding, especially in periods of high interest rates.

Die Erlösung Elisa b. Abujahs aus dem Höllenfeuer

Adolf Büchler

Elisa de Ery, Ganzfigurbildnis, mit Violoncello

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F00424

Gertrud Sachse, Elise von Catopol, Liesel von Schuch, Magdalena Seebe, Grete Merrem-Nikisch, Elisa Stünzner, Rollenbild, Gruppenbildnis, in: Richard Wagner: Parsifal

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F06388

Elisa Stünzner, Rollenbild, Brustbild

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F06784

Elisa Stünzner, Rollenbild, Hüftbild

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F06785

Elisa Stünzner als Elisabeth, Rollenbild, Brustbild, in: Richard Wagner: Tannhäuser und der Sängerkrieg auf Wartburg

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F06786

Elisa Stünzner als Elsa von Brabant, Rollenbild, Brustbild, in: Richard Wagner: Lohengrin

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F06787

Elisa Stünzner als Agathe, Rollenbild, Hüftbild, in: Carl Maria von Weber: Der Freischütz

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F06788

Elisa Stünzner als Micae͏̈la, Rollenbild, Brustbild, in: Georges Bizet: Carmen

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F06789

Elisa Stünzner als Mignon, Rollenbild, Kniestück, in: Ambroise Thomas: Mignon

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F06790