785 resultados para Impacto socio-ambiental


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A estrutura do comércio bilateral entre o Brasil e a República Popular da China - China alterou-se ao longo das décadas de 1990 e 2000 e dos anos 2010 e 2011, que correspondem ao período de análise. Os indicadores monetários e físicos aqui utilizados sugerem que essa relação bilateral de comércio apresenta impacto negativo sobre o meio ambiente e uma tendência exponencial deste impacto. Os indicadores físicos parecem permitir uma extrapolação maior do que os monetários: apesar da China estar contribuindo com uma parcela maior com as mudanças climáticas - maior valor absoluto de emissão de CO2 das exportações -, o Brasil está contribuindo proporcionalmente mais do que aquele país para a insustentabilidade global. Assim, a dinâmica dessa estrutura aponta para aumento da vulnerabilidade do setor exportador brasileiro, tanto no aspecto ambiental como no tecnológico, fator primordial para minimização do impacto sobre o ecossistema local e global

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Oil spills cause serious damage to the cost life and environments. Those impacts affect ecologic and socio-economic resources (like fishing and tourism). Within this background, response actions have two main objectives: the contaminant removal, with the less additional impacts, and enhance environment restoration in order to make this process complete in the shortest time possible. The present work proposes to contribute for the emergency environmental management in cases of oil spills by systematization of relevant information for oil spill environmental sensitivity maps. The next stage was to insert all these data on a geographic database, which allows data access by web. Beside that, this work aimed to recommend suitable clean-up techniques for the ecosystems located on the study area, composed by the municipalities: Praia Grande, Mongaguá, Itanhaém and Peruíbe, belonging to Baixada Santista and Iguape, Cananéia and Ilha Comprida, south cost of São Paulo state. This area is situated between two important Brazilian ports: Santos and Paranaguá, and that make it under considerable accident risks. The results were all data inserted on the geodatabase and available to user recover the information by web consulting. With that, this work wishes to contribute to individual emergencial planning of the region.

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The need to know and to preserve the coastal ecosystems is justified by the whole importance that those ecosystems have for our society. Then, it is big the concern in guaranteeing that those places stay free from contaminations. Among the several types of potentials pollutants that can affect the coastal systems, the petroleum-derived are the ones that cause the worst impacts, given the frequency of these accidents. Rapid actions are necessary in order to minimize the oil negative effects . This answer is faster when the most sensitive areas are known and when it presents characteristics of larger importance, as for instance, the presence of sea harvesting or the habitat of an endemic specie. Besides, it is necessary to know which cleanup methods are recommended and which are not recommended for the reached areas, so, the corrected emergency plans for each coastal environment can be applied. It is in this context that this project was developed, implementing a geographical database for the different coastal environment of São Sebastião municipality, SP, and also the data about the best cleanup techniques for each segment of the coast. This database was made available by the internet, enabling the access for several types of users.

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This study aimed to perform the analysis and characterization of environmental sensitivity to oil from Baixada Santista in the State of São Paulo. The work was done by integrating data of physical environmet, socio-economic activities and the biological / ecological provided by the Research Group on Environmental Sensitivity to Oil Spill in the Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences of UNESP “Julio de Mesquita Filho” wich works in the conjunction with the Program of Human Resources Training in Geosciences and Environmental Sciences Applied to the Oil and Gas (PRH-05) of the National Petroleum Agency (ANP). Were also performed descriptive statistical analysis, based on dispersion and trend parameters, which allowed to answer questions related to environmental sensitivity index (ISL) prevalence, the predominance of the ISL by environment and the predominance of the environments of the area, thus providing an overview of Baixada Santista’s main towns about sensitivity to oil. Analyses performed in this study may also help mitigate the environmental and socioeconomic impacts and contribute to contingency plans development for Baixada Santista

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The minimization and mitigation of environmental impacts caused by the activities of organizations is increasingly becoming a key concern due to factors such as market demand, including suppliers and consumer markets, quality standards and even marketing strategies. The implementation of an EMS - Environmental Management System - allows the organization to achieve the level of environmental performance for its determined and promotes continuous improvement over time. This system consists of a schedule of activities, so as to eliminate or minimize impacts to the environment through preventive actions. It also provides a structured approach to set and achieve goals and objectives, and to establish procedures, work instructions and control, ensuring that the implementation of the policy can become reality. The objective of this work consists in planning a system using environmental management based on the ISO 14001 - standard internationally more widespread and accepted in the requirements to establish and operate an EMS - the Central Library, UNESP, Rio Claro / SP to stimulate the quest for continuous improvement and sustainability in the educational institution. For making the diagnosis of this planning was used the PDCA methodology, suggested by the standard, as well as all requirements for compliance. The results show that the benefits that the organization will receive involve reducing expenses and cost of energy and water, and improve the organization's reputation before the whole university and other educational institutions, reaching about three thousand people on university

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Recently, the environmental concern has grown due to the higher awareness about the availability and the importance of natural resources for survival on the Earth. So, laws and regulations were implemented aiming the environmental preservation. It has being developed new systems, technologies and techniques in order to minimize wastage of resources and minimize waste generation that may cause environmental impacts, in order to abide by the laws and regulations. These techniques and systems have been developed mostly for the industrial sector, because it’s one of the most responsible for the waste generation and impacts. One of the most employed systems is the environmental management, performed during the environmental diagnosis of the area/activity. So, this study aimed the environmental assessment and the establishment of proposals for the mitigation of the most significant environmental impacts generated in five industries of the Antonio Crepaldi industrial district – Presidente Prudente, in order to contribute to environmental issues and provide greater efficiency in the productive process of these industries... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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The use of environmental management systems - EMS has shown to be a key tool for addressing the environmental aspects and impacts of an organization. The vast majority of EMS based on the requirements of ISO 14001:2004, as it is a globally recognized standard and adopt its recommendations is considered to be a guarantee of fulfilling the basic requirements of an EMS. Despite all the benefits that the system provides, we still find many problems in the implementation of EMS, especially in small and medium enterprises or SME. Most of the difficulties of implementation is related to intrinsic factors that companies of this size have, and issues related to the models and methods used to implement an EMS. Thus, this work aimed to assess whether the guidelines of ISO 14005:2012 meet the needs of SMEs for the effective implementation of an environmental management system. For it has been identified in the relation between SMEs and EMS the majof intrinsic problems of SMEs to implement (PII), such as lack of financial and human resources, and lack of commitment from top management to the SGA. Also was also pointed the main implementation issues related to ISO 14001 (ABNT, 2004) or the models or methods (PIM), highlighting the lack of environmental performance criteria, and the need for a path or sequence of steps for implementation. The study of ISO 14005 (ABNT, 2012) showed that the standard guidelines and implementation examples proposed, include solutions for all problems related to EMS implementation SMEs

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O trabalho apresentado é constituído de dois capítulos distintos, ambos com preocupação recorrente de realizar uma ciência que tenha interface com a realidade, uma Ecologia aplicável às questões e demandas da sociedade contemporânea como ferramenta para compreender a realidade, mediar conflitos. No capítulo I - Integrando o meio físico, biológico e sócioeconômico na proposição de novos Índices de Sensibilidade Ambiental (ISA) propomos o desenvolvimento de índices que combinem aspectos bióticos, socioeconômicos e ecológicos como: a) Índice de Sensibilidade Ambiental Biológico (ISAB), pautado na comunidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte; b) Índice de Sensibilidade Ambiental Socioeconômico (ISASE), composto pelo tipo de atividade econômica e pelas características da comunidade do entorno e c) Índice de Sensibilidade Ambiental Ecológico (ISAEc). No capítulo II - Contribuição da área do fragmento e dos corredores ecológicos para a comunidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte das matas ciliares, ressaltamos a importância da Ecologia da Paisagem para a presença/ausência de espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte. Quais correlações são relevantes e como as métricas da paisagem têm influência sobre a comunidade da mastofauna. Há a clara intenção de compreender a realidade e propor soluções para as problemáticas modernas visando o bem estar da sociedade e a conservação e preservação da biota

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This study sought to address the tourism system in its various strands, compared to socioeconomic and environmental issues. Contextualizing the theme of sustainable tourism, or ecotourism, the reality of the city of Ipeúna, there is the incipient state of efforts in this activity because, predominantly, its territory is occupied by the monoculture of cane sugar and pastures, which damages the maintenance of vegetation fragments, as well as degrading areas that often could take a value tour. Through environmental planning, was intended to raise major issues of interface tourism / environment in order to seek alternatives to the implementation and development of tourism in Ipeúna. As a result, it presents an environmental diagnosis of the study area through which to assess the current status of tourist attractions in relation to environmental and socio-economic dynamics of the city.

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O presente trabalho teve o intuito de resgatar o fenômeno ocorrido em agosto de 1986, no município de Cajamar, onde ocorreu o primeiro caso de formação de dolinas de subsidência e colapso no Brasil em área urbana. Mostra-se assim, através de interpretações da Fisiologia da Paisagem do local atingido, o modo que a cidade se reorganizou após o impacto, tanto na questão ambiental, como nas questões sociais e urbanas, através de entrevistas, relatando o modo de vida e as condições que se encontram a população e o local atingido neste episódio, sendo constatada então, a estabilidade do solo na área em questão

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Economic activities, whether large or small, can cause a range of environmental changes, not always reversible, harming society and its quality of life. Many potentially polluting activities have already been installed in various Brazilian cities, just as at the industrial district of Rio Claro / SP, which allow the synthesis of the many environmental impacts. In this sense, this report aims to make an environmental assessment in the influence area of the industrial district of Rio Claro / SP, located in the urban area of the city. As a result, the existence of prior related studies was observed, especially the diagnosis and study of the many implications that arises from activities impacting, and further, there was a demarcation of the influence area of the district and its derivatives impacts in the influence area, the steps of prediction and mitigation measures and if these activities meet the minimum technical requirements in planning and environmental applicable legislation.

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As atividades humanas vêm causando grandes pressões nos ecossistemas aquáticos continentais e nos organismos que ai vivem, sendo os peixes o grupo mais afetado. Para compreender o grau de impacto sofrido por uma comunidade é necessário conhecer como esta se encontra estruturada. Este estudo foi organizado em dois capítulos: 1) dedicado a compreender aspectos relacionados à comunidade de peixes da represa de Barra Bonita; 2) análise sobre a estrutura genética do curimba (P. lineatus) no rio Tietê, em diversos segmentos antes e depois das barragens. A estrutura da comunidade de peixes reflete a integridade ecológica do ecossistema, uma vez que diversos comportamentos dependem de determinadas condições ambientais. Por se tratar de um ambiente modificado e exposto a diversos agentes impactantes, estudos sobre a comunidade de peixes na represa de Barra Bonita (rio Tietê) se tornam essenciais para verificar as condições ambientais, auxiliando na gestão deste ecossistema. Para uma análise mais profunda das condições ambientais deste ecossistema, foi realizada também uma análise genética da população do curimba (Prochilodus lineatus), uma vez que o conhecimento da estrutura populacional é fundamental para auxiliar no manejo e conservação das populações de peixes nativos. Os resultados das análises populacionais mostraram que a comunidade de peixes encontrada é típica de ambientes represados, sendo formada por uma maioria de espécies de pequeno e médio porte, do tipo restrategistas, com desova parcelada, sedentárias e que apresentam uma alta plasticidade trófica. No entanto, a presença de espécies com algum grau de ameaça mostra que a região ainda mantém espécies sensíveis mantidas provavelmente pelos tributário que deságuam no rio Tietê. Mesmo a comunidade sendo formada por uma maioria de espécies autóctones, a presença de espécies não nativas nos faz pensar sobre a falta de valorização e conhecimento...

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The society continues demonstrating its need regarding the products and services, even though it becomes increasingly value the protection of the environment. In this context, environmental management is defined as a management method that emphasizes to continuously improve results and promote sustainable development. Moreover it has as a tool the laws which provide the benchmarks and mechanisms for companies to adapt their activities in such a way that does not alter the quality of the environment. In this sense, in order to propose improvements to a dairy aiming their environmental suitability, a present study was prepared by following the production activities of the enterprise, the raising of standards and applicable legal requirements and environmental assessment for the preparation of an array of aspects and impacts with the task of identifying the most significant according to MOREIRA (2006). The results indicated that some of the impacts of high relevance are related to the generation of wastewater and solid waste, which do not have treatment and / or proper disposal and indeed require intervention for their suitability. Through, these results were drawn up proposals for actions conformation. In addition, they were proposed meeting the requirement for health and safety at work, in accordance with the standard regulations. This study has the function, therefore, propose to the company in question, an environmental management plan that ensures the protection of the environment and health of employees and consequently the improvement of production processes and products

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This study was conducted to verify water quality and environmental impacts related to the occupation of the watershed of the Bandeirantes stream, located in Rio Claro, SP. The intention is to propose measures to enable the mitigation of negative impacts, and boosting the recovery and maintenance of the quality of water resources, preventing its complete degradation. Water analysis were performed at three different points, east, crossing the Ring Road (dirt road) and near the confluence with the Ribeirão Claro. The results indicated significant degradation of water, especially after the crossing, where it witnessed the accumulation of solid waste and easy access to the stream, both for animals as for people, due to limited riparian it. Another impact was observed the current construction of the Forum of Rio Claro in the right side of the stream studied, causing change in the landscape, change the flow properties and removal of existing vegetation at the site of work, defined as an environmentally protected area, as determined by existing law. Measures such as: restoration of riparian zones, effluent treatment, planned urban growth and environmental education of the population, would be essential to mitigate the environmental impacts of watershed Bandeirantes stream

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This scientific research focus on the “Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança” (EIV, Neighborhood Impact Study), a legal instrument instituted by federal law, and regulated by municipal law, that aims to evaluate the impacts in the neighborhood caused by the implantation or expansion of ventures within the urban zone. The main objective of this research was the formulation of general guidelines for EIV elaboration. Therefore, the following steps were considered: review of the legislation and literature on the theme; assessment of existing municipal legislation about this theme; assessment of EIVs elaborated within Rio Claro (SP); elaboration of the general guidelines for EIV elaboration, which were summarized in a flowchart