On the clustering of winter storm loss events over Germany

During the last decades, several windstorm series hit Europe leading to large aggregated losses. Such storm series are examples of serial clustering of extreme cyclones, presenting a considerable risk for the insurance industry. Clustering of events and return periods of storm series for Germany are quantified based on potential losses using empirical models. Two reanalysis data sets and observations from German weather stations are considered for 30 winters. Histograms of events exceeding selected return levels (1-, 2- and 5-year) are derived. Return periods of historical storm series are estimated based on the Poisson and the negative binomial distributions. Over 4000 years of general circulation model (GCM) simulations forced with current climate conditions are analysed to provide a better assessment of historical return periods. Estimations differ between distributions, for example 40 to 65 years for the 1990 series. For such less frequent series, estimates obtained with the Poisson distribution clearly deviate from empirical data. The negative binomial distribution provides better estimates, even though a sensitivity to return level and data set is identified. The consideration of GCM data permits a strong reduction of uncertainties. The present results support the importance of considering explicitly clustering of losses for an adequate risk assessment for economical applications.

Eastern partnership migrants in Germany: outcomes, potentials and challenges

Despite the ongoing dialogue on facilitating mobility between the European Union and the Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries, very little is known about the magnitude and characteristics of migration from these countries. We find that EaP migrants experience worse labor market outcomes than other migrant groups, but current and potential migrants hold qualifications in those areas were skill shortages are expected. Therefore, the monitoring and supervision of EaP integration will be consequential in order to understand how much of the current brain waste is driven by poor assessment of foreign qualifications, and to unleash the potential of migration for the German economy.

'All in one stroke': Grimms' fairy tales and the TV-production of a new Germany

The article looks at the most recent TV adaptations of the Grimms’ fairy tales by public broadcasting. Realized and marketed as a season which started in 2008,the thirty-four currently existing individual films constitute a significant national project that presents highly appealing notions of the German past to an audience divided over national conflict and demands of globalization. With children and adolescents at the centre, the films offer the young as a generation of moral superiority that facilitates social harmony and moral consensus. This post-unification utopia is beautifully realized on screen but rests on very conservative assumptions about gender, social driving forces, and political order.

Ultimate attainment in the use of collocations among heritage speakers of Turkish in Germany and Turkish–German returnees

In this paper we show that heritage speakers and returnees are fundamentally different from the majority of adult second language learners with respect to their use of collocations (Laufer & Waldman, 2011). We compare the use of lexical collocations involving yap- “do” and et- “do” among heritage speakers of Turkish in Germany (n = 45) with those found among Turkish returnees (n = 65) and Turkish monolinguals (n = 69). Language use by returnees is an understudied resource although this group can provide crucial insights into the specific language ability of heritage speakers. Results show that returnees who had been back for one year avoid collocations with yap- and use some hypercorrect forms in et-, whilst returnees who had been back for seven years at the time of recording produce collocations that are quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those of monolingual speakers of Turkish. We discuss implications for theories of ultimate attainment and incomplete acquisition in heritage speakers.

Ultimate attainment in the use of lexical collocations among heritage speakers of Turkish in Germany and Turkish-German returnees

In this paper we show that heritage speakers and returnees are fundamentally different from the majority of adult second language learners with respect to their use of collocations (Laufer & Waldman, 2011). We compare the use of lexical collocations involving yap- “do” and et- “do” among heritage speakers of Turkish in Germany (n=45) with those found among Turkish returnees (n=65) and Turkish monolinguals (n=69). Language use by returnees is an understudied resource although this group can provide crucial insights into the specific language ability of heritage speakers. Results show that returnees who had been back for one year avoid collocations with yap- and use some hypercorrect forms in et-, whilst returnees who had been back for seven years upon recording produce collocations that are quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those of monolingual speakers of Turkish. We discuss implications for theories of ultimate attainment and incomplete acquisition in heritage speakers.

Diversity of STs, plasmids and ESBL genes among Escherichia coli from humans, animals and food in Germany, the Netherlands and the UK

This study aimed to compare ESBL-producing Escherichia coli causing infections in humans with infecting or commensal isolates from animals and isolates from food of animal origin in terms of the strain types, the ESBL gene present and the plasmids that carry the respective ESBL genes. A collection of 353 ESBL-positive E. coli isolates from the UK, the Netherlands and Germany were studied by MLST and ESBL genes were identified. Characterization of ESBL gene-carrying plasmids was performed using PCR-based replicon typing. Moreover, IncI1-Iγ and IncN plasmids were characterized by plasmid MLST. The ESBL-producing E. coli represented 158 different STs with ST131, ST10 and ST88 being the most common. Overall, blaCTX-M-1 was the most frequently detected ESBL gene, followed by blaCTX-M-15, which was the most common ESBL gene in the human isolates. The most common plasmid replicon type overall was IncI1-Iγ followed by multiple IncF replicons. ESBL genes were present in a wide variety of E. coli STs. IncI1-Iγ plasmids that carried the blaCTX-M-1 gene were widely disseminated amongst STs in isolates from animals and humans, whereas other plasmids and STs appeared to be more restricted to isolates from specific hosts.

Ultimate attainment in the use of collocations among heritage speakers of Turkish in Germany and Turkish-German returnees

In this paper we show that heritage speakers and returnees are fundamentally different from the majority of adult second language learners with respect to their use of collocations (Laufer & Waldman, 2011). We compare the use of lexical collocations involving yap- “do” and et- “do” among heritage speakers of Turkish in Germany (n=45) with those found among Turkish returnees (n=65) and Turkish monolinguals (n=69). Language use by returnees is an understudied resource although this group can provide crucial insights into the specific language ability of heritage speakers. Results show that returnees who had been back for one year avoid collocations with yap- and use some hypercorrect forms in et-, whilst returnees who had been back for seven years upon recording produce collocations that are quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those of monolingual speakers of Turkish. We discuss implications for theories of ultimate attainment and incomplete acquisition in heritage speakers.

EN JÄMFÖRELSE AV ETT KOMMUNALT GYMNASIUM OCH ETT FRIGYMNASIUMS SÄTT ATT BEDRIVA UNDERVISNING : En fallstudie -

Syftet med studien är att ta reda på hur fyra intervjupersoner som är lärare på två olika skolor i samma kommun anser att de bedriver undervisning samt hur elever upplever delaktighet i sitt lärande. Jag avser att jämföra deras upplevelser mot styrdokument läroplanen och den lokala skolplanen. Metoden baserar sig på en fallstudie enligt Meriam (1994). Jag gjorde fyra halvstrukturerade intervjuer med lärare från de båda gymnasieskolorna och två gruppintervjuer med elever från respektive gymnasieskola.Resultatet av undersökningen visar att lärare på respektive gymnasieskola arbetar olika. Min slutsats av undersökningen är att den kommunala gymnasieskolan fortfarande bedriver en form av förmedlingspedagogik, däremot ansåg inte lärarna i den kommunala gymnasieskolan att de bedriver förmedlingspedagogik. Lärarna tycker att det är stor skillnad att undervisa i dag än vad det har varit tidigare. Eleverna känner inte att de kan påverka sin undervisning så mycket jämfört med tidigare.Friskolan arbetar utifrån målen tillsammans med eleven. Eleverna känner sig delaktiga och de känner att de i stor utsträckning kan påverka sin undervisning. Lärare och elever på friskolan arbetade i större utsträckning mot samma mål än vad lärarna i den kommunala gymnasieskolan gjorde.

Sponsring i skolan : En undersökning om sponsring på Leksands gymnasium, 2008

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka karaktären och omfattningen av sponsring och samarbete mellan skola och näringsliv samt andra utomstående aktörer på en gymnasieskola i Dalarna. Hur är sponsringspolicy reglerad och hur ser de inblandade aktörerna på sponsring och dess framtid i skolan? Undersökningen baseras på intervjuer, innehållet av skolans och kommunens styrdokument. Intervjuerna analyseras med hjälp av hermeneutisk tolkningsmetod. Resultatet visar att samtliga intervjuade har ett väldigt positivt och öppet förhållningssätt till sponsring. Sponsringens omfattning är betydande och förekommer i form av läromedel, föreläsningar, material, stipendier, ekonomiska bidrag, praktikplatser samt avsatt tid för handledning m.m. Allt tyder på att sponsringen kommer att öka i framtiden. Det ökande antalet friskolor, samt marknadsanpassning och den ökande konkurrensen mellan skolorna, vilket accentueras av det minskande antalet av gymnasieelever bidrar starkt till denna utveckling. De intervjuade saknar kännedom om vilka regler som gäller på området och sponsringspolicy på skolan saknas. En övergripande och indirekt slutsats av min undersökning är också att de ekonomiska frågorna spelar an avgörande roll för diskussionen som förs på skolorna och på bildningsförvaltningen medan bildningsidealet lyser med sin frånvaro.

The Application Of Renewable Energy For Prefab Houses In Germany

Within the framework of the REBUS project the German building industry has been investigated regarding their energy concepts. The intention was to evaluatethe establishment of renewable energy sources on the German market for new built houses and prefab houses in particular. For this purpose the products of 85manufacturers of prefab houses have been analyzed. Of special interest was the applicationof heating and hot water systems driven by solar energy and biomass. The results show that both techniques are well accepted and established. Almost 90% of themanufacturers offer solar systems on request and almost 70% heating systems based on Pellets. 24% offered solar and 7% as standard options in their range. From theachieved figures the potential of the Swedish market can be worked out. Strategies to introduce renewable energy to a greater extent to Swedish house manufacturers and builders might also be found.