Chechnya: Between a Caucasian Jihad and ‘hidden’ separatism. OSW Point of View, January 2007

1. Even though Chechnya remains the most unstable republic in the Russian North Caucasus, the open armed conflict known as the Second Chechen War, which broke out in the autumn of 1999, is gradually dying down. 2. Several years ago, the conflict in Chechnya could have been characterised as a war between Chechen separatists and the government of the Russian Federation. However, the nature of the conflict has changed significantly over the last four or five years. 3. Even though the intensity of fighting in Chechnya has abated in recent years, the conflict has spilt over to the other Caucasus republics such as Ingushetia, Dagestan and Kabardino-Balkaria. As a result, this is presently not so much a Chechen conflict as a regional clash between the authorities and the Caucasian (including Chechen) Islamists. 4. The Chechen militants are weaker now, and the conflict has changed from a struggle for national liberation into a fight for the Islamic cause; but this does not mean that Russia has ultimately solved the problem of Chechen separatism.

Political economy of the Agenda 2010 reforms: How Gerhard Schröder overcame the "blocked republic". ACES Cases No. 2008.3

This essay will show that the Schröder-led government managed to break the political gridlock and introduce the Agenda 2010 because key institutional structures of Germany‟s political economy had lost their obstructive powers. In other words, the formerly semi-sovereign state had reclaimed its sovereignty. To understand how this happened, Peter Katzenstein's concept of the semi-sovereign state is first explored as a framework through which to analyze economic policy continuity and change. Within this framework, the causes for constant reform inertia between 1982 and 2002, in spite of varying political constellations and changes in the country‟s economic structure, are then discussed. This analysis will demonstrate that the Agenda 2010 reforms are predominantly a result of underlying incremental change in the political economy and its effect on the political decision-making process. Finally, the findings of this analysis are summarized and discussed with the aim of better understanding the economic policies of the current grand coalition government of the CDU/CSU and the SPD government under Chancellor Angela Merkel.

The Goldkrieg: Revaluing the Bundesbank's Reserves and the Politics of EMU. CES Germany & Europe Working Papers, No. 08.6, 1998

In May and June 1997, Germany's commitment to Economic and Monetaty Union (EMU) underwent its most serious test ever when the Bundesbank and the government of Chancellor Helmut Kohl dashed openly over the government's plans to revalue the country's gold reserves. Faced with a budget short-fall and strong political opposition to either tax increases or spending cuts, Finance Minister Waigel attempted to introduce a modest change in the Bundesbank's bookkeeping procedures to bring them in line with the standard practices at other European central banks. The Bundesbank resisted, arguing that the changes would infringe upon its closely guarded independence. This paper analyzes how the politics of coalition interacted with Germany's political institutions to cause this conflict.

The Protocol of Frankfurt: a new treaty for the eurozone. EPC Discussion Paper, 12 January 2016

At a time when the EU finds itself in a perfect storm of crises which it seems unable to overcome, a bold move is needed to reinvigorate the EU’s system of government and stave off the risk of disintegration. In order to address the inherent weakness of the EU’s monetary and economic governance, this pamphlet proposes a new treaty for the eurozone: the Protocol of Frankfurt. Written by Andrew Duff, former Member of the European Parliament and Visiting Fellow at the EPC, it is the first ever attempt to draft a treaty aimed at setting up a fiscal union. “The Protocol of Frankfurt provides the constitutional framework for a proper economic government and will, hopefully, also serve to accelerate the debate on the Five Presidents’ Report”. Realising that the time is not ripe for a major constitutional overhaul, the pamphlet instead puts forward a shorter treaty revision that concentrates on re-engineering the Maastricht arrangements for the economic and monetary union, taking on the form of a Protocol to be added on to the existing Treaties. Article 48(2) of the Treaty on European Union allows the government of any member state, the European Parliament or the Commission to table amendments to the Treaties. Our hope is that somebody, informed by this draft Protocol, does just that.

Historia, política y responsabilidad : Oscar Terán y la autocrítica entre los intelectuales de izquierda en Argentina

Este trabajo pretende reconstruir la genealogía de la autocrítica al interior de los sectores intelectuales de la izquierda argentina a partir del itinerario de Oscar Terán, uno de sus principales protagonistas e historiadores. Se revisa su principal obra historiográfica y sus intervenciones en revistas político-culturales a fines de delimitar rupturas y continuidades en la construcción de un relato que da cuenta del proceso de radicalización política en Argentina. Así, veremos cómo dicho relato se desplaza desde una lectura contemplativa en los años 1980 hacia una operación de clausura en los años 1990 y principios del presente siglo

Biographical directory of the American Congress, 1774-1961 : the Continental Congress, September 5, 1774, to October 21, 1788 and the Congress of the United States, from the First to the Eighty-sixth Congress, March 4, 1789, to January 3, 1961, inclusive.

"This volume, compiled by Clifford P. Reynolds, publications technician of the [Joint] Committee [on Printing], is a revision of the Dictionary of the United States Congress and the general government, published in 1859 and again revised in 1869, by Charles Lanman; the Biographical annals of the civil government of the United States in 1876, by Joseph Lanman and James Anglin, and the Lanman edition of 1876 as corrected by Joseph M. Morrison in 1887; the Political register and congressional directory of 1878; by Ben: Perley Poore; the Biographical congressional directory of 1903, by O. M. Enyart; the Biographical congressional directory in 1911, the Biographical directory of the American Congress of 1927, by Ansel Wold, and the 1949 edition by James L. Harrison."

The acts of the Parliament of the commonwealth of Australia (except appropriation and supply acts) passed from 1901 to 1911, and in force on 1st January, 1912, to which is prefixed the Commonwealth of Australia constitution act (63 & 64 Vict. ch. 12) as altered to 1st January, 1912 : with tables and indexes

Paged continuously.

Records of the Geological Survey of India.

1867- includes the "Annual report of the Geological survey of India".

Reports of decisions in the Supreme court of British Guiana ... and in the West Indian court of appeal

Editors: 19 -1921, L.C. Dalton; 1922, L.C. Dalton, S.J. Van Sertima; 1923, S.J. Van Sertima; 1924, E.M. Duke; 1925, E.M. Duke, S.J. Van Sertima; 1926-1930, S.J. Van Sertime; 1931, E.M. Duke

A critical revision of the genus Eucalyptus,

"Published by the authority of the Government of the State of New South Wales."

Report of the Saskatchewan Overseas livestock marketing commission, 1927...

Transmitted through the Saskatchewan agricultural research foundation.

Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 1861-1865.

"General index": v. 7, p. 847-966.

Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture of Porto Rico for the period from ...

At head of title: Government of Porto Rico, Board of Commissioners of Agriculture.

Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India.

Each no. has also a distinctive title.

A compressed view of the points to be discussed, in treating with the United States of America; A.D. 1814 : With an appendix and two maps.

Appendix: On the conduct of the government of the United States towards the Indian tribes: p. [27]-39.