Small-scale landfills: impacts on groundwater and soil

In Brazil, the large quantities of solid waste produced are out of step with public policies, technological developments, and government budgets for the division. In small municipalities, the common lack of technological knowledge and financial conditions for suitable waste disposal has resulted in a large number of illegal dumps. Therefore, small sanitary landfill facilities are working with simplified operations focusing on cost reduction and meeting the economic and technological standards of the city without endangering the environment or public health. Currently, this activity is regulated at a federal level although there is some uncertainty regarding the risk of soil and aquifer contamination as theses facilities do not employ liners. Thus, this work evaluates a small landfill to identify changes in soil and groundwater using geotechnical parameters, monitoring wells, and geophysical tests performed by electrical profiling. It is verified that based on current conditions, no contaminants have migrated via underground water aquifers, and overall no significant changes have occurred in the soil. It is concluded that, despite its simplicity, the method investigated is a viable alternative for the final disposal of municipal solid waste from small cities, especially in developing countries.

Aplicação de lógica fuzzy na elaboração de planta de valores genéricos

Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT

ZTD em tempo quase real via Estações GNSS Terrestres: estratégia de processamento para o GIPSY-OASIS II e combinação das séries temporais

Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT

Modelagem fotogramétrica e calibração de um sistema de visão omnidirecional

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Extração de contornos de telhado de edifícios no espaço-objeto baseada em snakes e programação dinâmica a partir de TIN/laser e imagens aéreas de alta resolução

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

THE MAPPING IN THE CONTINUING EDUCATION OF TEACHERS: AN EXPERIENCE THROUGH DISTANCE LEARNING

In this work, we show the experience of continuing teacher education in Cartography in the period from 03/11/2009 to 03/11/2010, it was held by the Center for Continuing Education in Mathematics Education, Science and Environment (CECEMCA) - UNESP - Rio Claro, in DL (Distance Learning). This experience was through the extension course set in TelEduc platform. The course was titled Introduction to Cartography and aimed primarily: Present concepts of systematic and thematic mapping and its potential application in teaching practices, increase knowledge in the areas of Geography, Cartography and Environment; Offer alternatives for implementing content mapping in the classroom.

Reflections about an investigation research experience with capoeira

The aim of this article is to describe the movements of an investigation experience with capoeira. This description underscores deviations and transgressions that testify to some propensity towards the becoming of the methodological trajectory. We seek to map the ways in which the proceedings were deconstructed and transformed during field research. We intend to understand how researchers involvement with fieldwork forces the regular principles of action to their limits, keeping the investigative attitude in the tension between the referential function which points to regular application of proceedings and the propensity towards becoming. The introduction of the intensive in the investigation relation is thus shown, and the record of that intensive nurtures this description.

Análise da dinâmica de ocupação e uso das terras e suas implicações no sistema morfohidrográfico da Bacia do Ribeirão Bonito-SP

Os sistemas ambientais são compostos por elementos e atributos que atuam em sua dinâmica, os quais, ao longo de um dado período de tempo, podem responder às condições naturais ou às imposições antrópicas, sendo que estas últimas podem desencadear modificações no seu equilíbrio natural. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal do trabalho proposto foi identificar e analisar as alterações na dinâmica de ocupação e uso das terras e sua interferência nas características naturais da bacia do Ribeirão Bonito – SP, com ênfase à geomorfologia e hidrografia. A área em questão situa-se junto à baixa bacia do Rio Piracicaba, no Estado de São Paulo, numa área de transição entre a Depressão Periférica Paulista e as Cuestas Basálticas. Para a consolidação do objetivo proposto foram utilizados os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: revisão de literatura referente à temática adotada; caracterização do meio físico e do processo de ocupação da área em estudo; elaboração de mapas geomorfológicos de dois cenários (1962 e 2007) de acordo com as metodologias de Tricart (1965) e Verstappen; Zuidan (1975), adaptados por Cunha (2001); elaboração de mapas de ocupação e uso das terras dos dois períodos (1962 e 2007) utilizando o sistema de classificação do IBGE (2006b) e trabalhos de campo. Para manuseio dos dados e posterior análise dos mesmos, foi utilizada a idéia de sistema ambiental, que se fundamenta na teoria dos sistemas gerais, aplicada a Geografia. Findados os levantamentos, observou-se que o aumento do nível de base local com conseqüente retomada erosiva, assim como a intensa ocupação das terras pela cultura da cana-de-açúcar, foram fatores que condicionaram as alterações geomorfológicas locais, expressas principalmente pela dinâmica erosiva e processos de denudação

Identificação de áreas sujeitas a processos erosivos na área urbana do município de Aparecida, SP

Historically, in Brazil, the process of urbanization and city growth was due to the intense migration of rural population to urban areas, especially in the last thirty years. This move, combined with a lack of planning, allowed the occupation of areas with potential for occurrences of erosion. The city of Aparecida, SP can be cited as an example of this process. These irregular occupations generate large material damage and human losses conditioned on mass movement of soil, resulting from the development of erosive processes. So, it is of great importance to physical characterization and identification of these areas within the same city map as a way to minimize the effects and mitigate the consequences of events. Thus, this work presents a series of graduate field campaigns, geotechnical laboratory testing and consultation with representative maps of the physical environment, as a means conclusive for delimintation of areas with potential risk for the occurrence of erosion, especially in areas undergoing urban expansion of the city Aparecida, SP. These areas were determined some geotechnical properties of soils present, evaluating the potential erodibility of them. Also presented are the descriptions of the main characteristics of these areas identified as being at risk, along with proposals to avoid or minimize the impact of problems related to erosion processes on the local population

Caracterização gfeológico-geotécnica aplicada a gestão de risco no gasoduto GASBOL, trecho Ipeúna/SP - Itirapina/SP

The pipelines are characterized by the great length and linearity, these enterprises are usually associated with the horizon of soil and decomposed rock and accidents in this system usually have high complexity. So this work proposes a study of geological and geotechnical characterization of approximately 40 km ² and a study of risk analysis along 18.3 km of gas pipeline GASBOL, in the municipalities of Ipeúna-SP and Itirapina-SP, in scale 1:25.000, besides correlation between studies. The method for geological and geotechnical characterization is based on physiographic integrated analysis technique, which is supported by literature research, observation and interpretation of satellite imagery (photointerpretation), correlation of products numerical model of ground, fieldwork. The method adopted for risk classification is based on preliminary analysis of hazards (APP) technique, which is identified the geological process, this feature is classified as the susceptibility of occurrence, and then classified as the possible consequence of the process, if this evolves. As a product of the research, we designed a map in 1:25,000 scale, containing a table of geological and geotechnical characteristics of the mapped drives, as well as sectorization risk in each section of the pipeline. Were mapped geological and geotechnical seven units in the study area, delimited in excerpts of which five are classified as high risk, totaling 1.1 km in length of 18.3 km total

Carta geotécnica das sub-bacias dos córregos do sossego e do barracão nos municípios de Americana e Santa Bárbara D'Oeste na escala 1:20.000

The Geotechnical Mapping is an extreme important tool for the urban planning, so the public authorities can establish guidelines for medium and long term for a better life conditions for the population. The division region between the cities of Americana and Santa Bárbara D’Oeste has an intense conurbation problem, which is causing problems of occupation in risks areas on environmental terms. In this context this project has as an objective the elaboration of a Geotechnical Map from the sub- basins of Sossego and Barracão rivers, whicht are located in between the area of the two cities, and presents some of the process causes of the conurbation problem. For this study, the following steps were proposed: bibliographic and topographic maps research for better knowledge from the theme and the area, and also preparing cartographic basis; making of preliminary geotechnical area map with a 1:10.000 scale, gather all the information acquired at the previous step and compartmentation of the area; field step to collect more information and soil for the laboratory analysis, objecting the characterization of the geotechnical unities; lab analysis; final geotechnical map preparation; and final report elaboration. The final product of this study is the Final Geotechnical Map, with a 1:10.000 scale, and the principal objective is to help the urban planning

A seleção dos conteúdos cartográficos presentes na proposta curricular dos cadernos São Paulo faz escola de geografia do 6. ano do ensino fundamental II

Cartography is one of the languages that express the knowledge of the geographic space and, therefore, the official curriculum proposals have highlighted the importance of the geography teaching which articulates its contents with this language in primary education. So, we present an analysis of the content selected to the curriculum mapping specifications of the São Paulo faz escola material, specifically for the 6th year of Elementary School II, version 2009. From the perspective of qualitative research, with instruments and techniques of quantitative and qualitative research, we analyzed documents and observed little concern with the proposition works that present the physical and social characteristics of the state of São Paulo. Also, we noticed the lack of concern with representations in local and regional scales. The research brings many examples on the global scale. It explores few activities using graphics and charts. Despite bringing thematic maps in their entirety, it does not show an example of conical projection as well as cartograms and anamorphosis. Furthermore, the trend of a technicist education is announced in the document

Cartografia temática do atlas de sensibilidade ambiental a derramamentos de óleo do litoral paulista

The objective of this paper is the elaboration and implementation of procedures in a cartographic representation related by fundamental of thematic cartography and graphic semiology for the standardization of the Environmental Oil Spill Sensitivity Maps supported by a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for handling and modeling of a large number of variables. These make up the Environmental Sensitivity Atlas to Oil Spills in Coastal Paulista, and that represents the phenomena that occur in geographic space accurately so as to highlight the importance of each element in the evaluation and protection of areas of greater sensitivity oil. The composition of the cartographic documents considers the Littoral Sensitivity Index (LSI), biological resources and the resources for human use that could be negatively impacted. Thus, the information contained in each map was carefully evaluated before implementation, so that the cartographic representations of various resources, environments, and other ISLs, the reader should issue an immediate message that could be understood clearly, without requiring prior knowledge of specialized. Another aspect was the distribution harmoniously all the elements contained in the document, so that information could be enough without overwhelming it. It was also taken a certain care, so each symbol could be used properly in order that there is no conflict in the information.

Análise das alterações geomorfológicas decorrentes dos processos de urbanização na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Lavapés, em Rio Claro/SP

In the last 60 years, many Brazilian cities practically doubled their population contingent. As a result of this process, there was an increase on the occupation level on unstable areas, from a physical point of view, and on the anthropogenic interventions at the natural ambient, reorganizing the existent process and forms. Thus, this work shows the results of the analysis of geomorphological changes deriving from urbanization processes at the Lavapés Stream watershed, located at Rio Claro county (SP). The goal of this work was reached by means of historical-evolutionary geomorphological cartography. To achieve this result, it had been prepared geomorphological and land usage charts for the years of 1962, 1988 and 2010, and a declivity chart. Those scenarios have been analyzed from the point of view of the General Systems Theory. The results were attached into an urban use restrictions chart, which allowed identifying the areas that should not be occupied, by geomorphological view and by environmental law restrictions

Simplificação de malhas visando representações em multirresolução

The representation of real objects in virtual environments has applications in many areas, such as cartography, mixed reality and reverse engineering. The generation of these objects can be performed through two ways: manually, with CAD (Computer Aided Design) tools, or automatically, by means of surface reconstruction techniques. The simpler the 3D model, the easier it is to process and store it. However, this methods can generate very detailed virtual elements, that can result in some problems when processing the resulting mesh, because it has a lot of edges and polygons that have to be checked at visualization. Considering this context, it can be applied simplification algorithms to eliminate polygons from resulting mesh, without change its topology, generating a lighter mesh with less irrelevant details. The project aimed the study, implementation and comparative tests of simplification algorithms applied to meshes generated through a reconstruction pipeline based on point clouds. This work proposes the realization of the simplification step, like a complement to the pipeline developed by (ONO et al., 2012), that developed reconstruction through cloud points obtained by Microsoft Kinect, and then using Poisson algorithm