Low latitude scintillations: A comparison of modeling and observations within the CIGALA project

Ionospheric scintillations can seriously jeopardize the reliability of the GNSS signals and consequently can cause significant error or outage on precise positioning applications. The threat is most acute at low latitudes where ionospheric irregularities are more likely to occur resulting in L-band signal scintillations. This paper describes the effort made to model the ionospheric scintillations over the Latin American region in the frame of the CIGALA project funded by the European GNSS Supervisory Authority within the 7th Framework Programme of the European Commission. Comparisons between the low-latitude model of scintillations and observations are here presented and discussed within the project perspectives. © 2011 IEEE.

A single multiplex SNaPshot reaction of 42 SNPs to classify admixture populations into mitochondrial DNA haplogroups

SNaPshot minisequencing reaction is in increasing use because of its fast detection of many polymorphisms in a single assay. In this work we described a highly sensitive single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) typing method with detection of 42 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) SNPs in a single PCR and SNaPshot multiplex reaction in order to allow haplogroup classification in Latin American admixture population. We validated the panel typing 160 Brazilian individuals. DNA was extracted from blood spotted on filter paper using Chelex protocol. Forty SNPs were selected targeting haplogroup-specific mutations in Europeans, Africans and Asians (only precursors of Native Americans haplogroups A2, B2, C1, and D1) and two non-coding SNPs were chosen to increase the power of discrimination between individuals (SNPs positions 16,519 and 16,362). It was done using a modified version of a previously published multiplex SNaPshot minisequencing reaction established to resolve European haplogroups, adding SNPs targeting Africans (L0, L1, L2, L3, and L*) and Asians (A, B, C, and D) haplogroups based on SNPs described at PhyloTree.org build 2. PCR primers were designed using PerlPrimer software and checked with the Autodimer program. Thirty-three primer-pairs were used to amplify 42 SNPs. Using this panel, we were able to successfully classify 160 individuals into their correct haplogroups. Complete SNP profiles were obtained from 10. pg of total DNA. We conclude that it is possible to build and genotype more than 40 mtDNA SNPs in a single multiplex PCR and SNaPshot reaction, with sensitivity and reliability, resolving haplogroup classification in admixture populations. © 2011.

In memory of Pedro Vuskovic

For those of us who shared many years of friendship and professional collaboration with Pedro Vuskovic, the news of his recent death in Mexico has been the cause of great sorrow, not only because of the circumstances of his death, following a cruel disease that gradually sapped his physical -but not intellectual- strength, but also because it signifies the loss of a great Latin American, of a teacher who helped shape so many generations of young people in our region, and of a companion during so many days of intellectual strivings and political struggle. Pedro joined the Commission in 1950, shortly after its birth as an institution. For nearly 20 years he served it brilliantly in a professional capacity, with his career in ECLAC culminating in the position of Director of the Development Division. He played a crucial role in structuring and disseminating the thinking of ECLAC during a time when the very air teemed with the ideas and concerns of a pleiad of gifted economists and social scientists. These were the post-war years, the 1950s and 1960s, when we all had to "construct" Latin America. Pedro Vuskovic laid many of the bricks in that collective theoretical and political edifice which has been of such importance to the countries of the region. Concurrently, he served as a professor in ECLAC and ILPES training programmes while at the same time teaching classes at the schools of economics and sociology at the University of Chile and the School of Economics at the University of Concepción. When he left ECLAC, Pedro plunged wholeheartedly into the academic world, serving as the Director of the Institute of Economics of the University of Chile, and then went on to claim a position at the forefront of Chilean politics. In November 1970 he was named Minister of Economic Affairs by President Salvador Allende and in June 1972, took over the cabinet-level position of Executive Vice President of the Production Development Corporation (CORFO);, where he served until September 1973. When political events carried him into exile in Mexico, which generously welcomed him as it did so many other Latin Americans who faced similar problems, Pedro carried on his valuable academic work, first at the Economic Research and Teaching Centre (CIDE);, where he directed the Institute of Economic Studies of Latin America, and later at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in the Humanities at the National University of Mexico (UNAM);, where he was named to the position of Coordinator for a programme on poverty and development options in various countries of Latin America. Although he will be remembered for his important political role, Pedro's work as a scholar and as an economist deserve special mention. He was a brilliant speaker, at the same time both methodical and incisive, who mastered his subjects with great wisdom and intellectual breadth, and he derived a special joy from being with young people, from providing them with intellectual stimulation and receiving it from them in turn. The many generations of Latin American students who were fortunate enough to have him as a teacher can attest to this. Pedro Vuskovic brought to his work as a researcher and teacher a deep sense of political and social responsibility which moved him to espouse the cause of Latin America 's poor and dispossessed, whose position he had come to understand very early on in his life through the many studies he carried out in this area while at ECLAC. He was tenacious in upholding his ideas and principles, he lived in accordance with them, and he championed them in all the forums open to him, in both the political and academic worlds, to the end of his days. His friends and colleagues also remember his geniality, his sense of humour and great personal warmth -traits which were coupled with an unshakable loyalty to his principles and values. Our farewell is deeply felt; Pedro Vuskovic has left us a legacy of memories and lessons that we will always hold close to our hearts. On behalf of his friends and colleagues, Jacobo Schatan, former Director of the Joint ECLAC/FAO, Agriculture Division

Novos projetos de infra-estrutura e antigos caminhos da territorialização do espaço na América do Sul: iniciativa de Integração de Infra-Estrutura Regional Sul-Americana (IIRSA) e o caso da via Inter-Oceânica Sul

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

A retórica do campo: um estudo sobre a comunicação nas cooperativas de café

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo acústico da pronúncia de pares mínimos vocálicos do inglês por falantes nativos, professores brasileiros e alunos de nível intermediário e avançado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Capital flows to Latin America: year end 2006

Includes bibliography

A construção do pan-americanismo na revista Em Guarda: o olhar americano pela defesa das Américas (1941-1946)

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

Porque as ideias importam: a crença no excepcionalismo americano como guia de formulação das grandes estratégias dos Estados Unidos no alvorecer da superpotência

Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC

O Protocolo de Kyoto: a União Européia na liderança do regime de mudanças climáticas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

De Bush a Jack Bauer: a segurança como obsessão nos Estados Unidos após o 11 de setembro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A cultura norte-americana como um instrumento do soft power dos Estados Unidos: o caso do Brasil durante a política de boa vizinhança

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A Fundação Nacional Cubano-Americana (FNCA) na política externa dos Estados Unidos para Cuba

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização de plantas de mamey

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análises moleculares da região controle do DNA mitocondrial de astrocitomas na população paraense

O câncer do sistema nervoso central representa 2% de todas as neoplasias malignas na população mundial e 23% dos casos de câncer infantil. No Brasil, estimam-se 4.820 casos deste câncer em homens e 4.450 em mulheres para o ano de 2012. Os gliomas são tumores do sistema nervoso central formados a partir de células da glia e somam mais de 70% do tumores cerebrais. A propriedade mais importante dos gliomas é sua capacidade de evasão imunológica. Idade, etnia, gênero e ocupação podem ser considerados fatores de risco para o surgimento de gliomas, e são duas vezes mais frequentes em afro-americanos. O astrocitoma é o tumor glial mais frequente, constituindo cerca de 75% dos casos de gliomas. Estes tumores são classificados em quatro graus, de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde. O DNA mitocondrial está relacionado com o desenvolvimento e a progressão de vários tipos de tumores. A mitocôndria é responsável pelo balanço energético celular e está envolvida no disparo da apoptose em resposta ao estresse oxidativo. Mutações na D-LOOP podem alterar a taxa de replicação do DNA e aumentar o risco do desenvolvimento do câncer. Neste estudo foram analisadas 29 amostras de astrocitoma classificados de acordo com a OMS. Nossos dados sugerem que os astrocitomas de baixo grau podem estar relacionados à herança genética, tornando portadores de alguns polimorfismos ou mutações específicas, mais suscetíveis ao risco de desenvolver a doença, e os de alto grau podem estar relacionados à exposição prolongada aos agentes carginógenos. Foram identificados polimorfismos e mutações onde alguns apresentaram relação com o risco do desenvolvimento de astrocitomas e com a progressão da doença. A inserção de dois ou mais nucleotídeos nas regiões de microssatélites pode causar sua instabilidade e contribuir com o surgimento do câncer. A deleção no sítio 16132 pode ser um marcador para astrocitoma de alto grau, assim como a inserção de duas ou mais citosinas no sítio 16190 pode ser um marcador específico para astrocitomas. As mutações heteroplásmicas podem ser determinantes para o surgimento e/ou progressão de astrocitomas de alto grau.