Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico para a quantificação de teicoplanina injetável por turbidimetria

A teicoplanina é um complexo antibiótico glicopeptídico derivado do Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, ativo contra bactérias Gram-positivas resistentes a outros antibióticos. Seu espectro de ação é similar ao da vancomicina, sendo, porém mais ativo para Streptococcus faecalis e Clostridium difficile. Seu uso é indicado para profilaxia de endocardite, peritonite, osteomielite e para septicemia estafilocócica. No Brasil, a teicoplanina é comercializada sob a forma farmacêutica de pó liofilizado, que deve ser reconstituído antes da administração. O medicamento de referência é o Targocid®, produzido pelo laboratório Sanofi-Aventis, em duas apresentações, 66 mg/mL e 133 mg/mL. A teicoplanina, bem como a vancomicina, inibe a síntese da parede celular bacteriana, pois a molécula se liga ao precursor da parede D-alanil-D-alanina, formando um complexo, impedindo a ligação à porção terminal do peptidoglicano, que é o alvo das enzimas transglicolase e transpeptidase. Desse modo, não há incorporação de aminoácidos aos glicopeptídeos integrantes da parede celular das bactérias Gram-positivas. No estudo de validação, foram aplicados os parâmetros de linearidade, intervalo, precisão, sensibilidade, especificidade, exatidão e robustez. O método desenvolvido e validado para a quantificação de teicoplanina pó liofilizado foi: Ensaio microbiológico por turbidimetria na faixa de concentração de 20,0 a 80,0 μg/mL, utilizando o micro-organismo Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 IAL 2150. Os parâmetros estudados para a validação do método turbidimétrico atenderam a todas as especificações para a adequada quantificação de teicoplanina na forma farmacêutica pó liofilizado

Introdução de Lentinulaedodes (Shiitake) e Pleurotusostreatus (Shimeji) em bagaço de cana termo explodido para diminuição da toxicidade

Ethanol production has gained great prominence in the investment new renewable energy sources and Brazil is among the leaders of production. However, this activity generates large amounts of waste being the largest volume of the sugar cane bagasse. For this reason looking up ways to use this material as burning for energy production and composition of forage in the diet of ruminants, however there are difficulties to use this production for this last one. This paper proposes a microbiological treatment with Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus in order to enable the bagasse in ruminant feed composition in order to be used more noble than their burning. After treatment with the fungus, tests were performed for quantifying crude protein by the method of Kjeldhal. It was verified that the protein content in the pure bagasse was 1.0% after fermentation the protein content was 4.2% with L.edodes and 4.9% with P. ostreatus. To evaluate the protein quality of the product fermented by L. edodes and P. ostreatus was applied microbiological method for growth of Enterococcus zimogenes verifying that after fermentation the protein quality was 76 and 27.4% with L. edodes and P.ostreatus, respectively, compared with casein. The quantification of amino acids showed significant improvement of protein with altered amino acid profile with treatments of fungos. About of DQO and BOD were also found considerable improvement besides considerable drop in toxicity as measured by acute toxicity test with Daphinia similis

Condições higiênico-sanitárias e de manejo de rebanhos leiteiros correlacionados à qualidade do leite cru refrigerado

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Aplicação e viabilidade de micro-organisos potencialmente probióticos em embutido cárneo fermentado

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Monitoramento do perfil microbiológico de dentes com infecção endodôntica primária durante terapia com diferentes medicações intracanal

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Brazilian Water Buffalo Mozzarella Cheese

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Microbiological Profile Resistant to Different Intracanal Medications in Primary Endodontic Infections

Introduction: This clinical study aimed to determine the microbiological profile resistant to different intracanal medications in primary endodontic infections by using both microbiological culture and the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. Methods: Twenty primarily infected root canals were selected and then instrumented before being randomly divided into 2 groups according to the intracanal medications: calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH](2)) or Ca(OH)(2) + chlorhexidine (CHX). Samples were collected before and after root canal procedures, which consisted in submitting them to microbiological culture and processing them for checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Results: No differences were found between the Ca(OH)(2) (99.98%) and Ca(OH)(2) + CHX groups (99.76%) regarding the median percentage values for the reduction of cultivable bacteria. The most frequently detected species were Capnocytophaga ochracea (70%) and Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. vincentii (70%) in the initial samples. After instrumentation, the most frequently detected species were E. faecium (60%). After root canal treatments using either Ca(OH)(2) or Ca(OH)(2) + CHX as intracanal medications, the most frequently detected species were E nucleatum ssp. vincentii (90%) and Enterococcus faecium (40%), respectively. Both treatments significantly decreased the number of bacterial species compared with the initial sample. However, this reduction was significantly greater in the Ca(OH)(2) + CHX group (P < .05). This difference was also observed when evaluating the total bacterial load (P < .05). Conclusions: The use of Ca(OH)(2) associated with CHX as an intracanal medication showed better results by acting on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms although such an action to eradicate enterococci should also be sought.

Efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on laying hens and broilers challenged with salmonella enteritidis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Use of probiotics to reduce faecal shedding of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in sheep

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparison of different irrigants in the removal of endotoxins and cultivable microorganisms from infected root canals

This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of different irrigants used to remove endotoxins and cultivable microorganisms during endodontic therapy. Forty root canals were contaminated and divided into groups according to the irrigant: 2% NaOCl + surfactant, 2% CHX, 2.5% NaOCl, and pyrogen-free saline solution (control). Samples were collected after root canal contamination (S1), after instrumentation (S2), and 7 days after instrumentation (S3). Microorganisms and endotoxins were recovered from 100% of the contaminated root canals (S1). At S2, 2% NaOCl + surfactant, 2% CHX, and 2.5% NaOCl were able to completely eliminate cultivable microorganisms. At S3, both 2% CHX and 2.5% NaOCl were effective in preventing C. albicans and E. coli regrowth, but E. faecalis was still detected. No microorganism species was recovered from root canals instrumented with 2% NaOCl + surfactant. At S2, a higher percentage value of endotoxin reduction was found for 2% NaOCl + surfactant (99.3%) compared to 2% CHX (98.9%) and 2.5% NaOCl (97.18%) (p < 0.05). Moreover, at S3, 2% NaOCl + surfactant (100%) was the most effective irrigant against endotoxins. All irrigants tested were effective in reducing microorganisms and endotoxins from root canals. Moreover, 2% NaOCl + surfactant was the most effective irrigant against endotoxins and regrowth of microorganisms.

Susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from necrotic pulps to calcium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide has been used as pulp-capping agent and canal dressing due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties besides its ability to induce formation of mineralized tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility to calcium hydroxide of 146 bacterial strains isolated from endodontic infections. MIC was determined by using an agar dilution method, while contact bactericide activity was performed through in broth. All the isolates were sensitive to calcium hydroxide in concentrations that varied from 0.5mg/ml to 128 mg/ml, and the genera Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Actinomyces were the most resistant. Gramnegative anaerobes proved to be the most sensitive isolates. All the isolates were inhibited after 60 minutes of contact with the alkali in concentration of 100mg/ml

Opportunistic microorganisms in patients with head and neck trauma

The use of antimicrobial agents has facilitated the dissemination of multi-resistant microorganisms, compromising dental and medical treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of different opportunistic microbial species in patients who suffered head and neck trauma, under temporary maintenance in nosocomial environment, particularly intensive care units, on the occurrence of such microorganisms in the oral cavity of the patients. It was selected 38 patients subjected to head and neck traumas. After emergency surgical procedures, clinical samples of saliva, sub and supragingival biofilms and mucosal surfaces were collected at two different moments: just after stabilization of the patient and soon after patients’ release from medical units. The presence of opportunistic and superinfecting microorganisms was evaluated by culture on selective and non-selective media, and the presence of the family Enterobacteriaceae, as well as genera Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus was assessed by PCR. It was found that the use of antimicrobials, even for short periods of time was sufficient to facilitate colonization by microorganisms of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae, as well as yeasts and enterococci. These results support the concept that medical and dental teams should make a periodically change of antimicrobials used in treatment protocols in hospital for head and neck trauma patients, in order to minimize dissemination of opportunistic or superinfecting microorganisms.

Isoflavones supplementation of a probiotic soy product: effects on quality characteristics and isoflavones profile

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of isofl avones supplementation of a fermented soy product on its sensory acceptance, physicochemical properties and probiotic cell viable count. Additionally we also investigated the ability of the mixed starter cultures (Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus 416) to modify the isofl avones profi le of soy product during the fermentation process. Three products were analysed: soy product fermented with E. faecium CRL 183 and L. helveticus 416, isofl avonessupplemented soy product (fermented with E. faecium CRL 183 and L. helveticus 416; 50mg/100g, Isofl avin®, Galena, Brazil) and unfermented soy product. A panel of judges evaluated the acceptability of the samples on a nine point structured hedonic scale. The chemical composition namely fat, protein, ash and total carbohydrate contents, pH, enumeration of viable Lactobacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp. and quantifi cation of isofl avones using HPLC were investigated. All determinations were conducted after 7 days storage at 10°C. The sensorial acceptance was reduced in the isofl avones-supplemented soy product, but this effect was not signifi cant compared to the sample without isofl avones addition. Chemical composition did not differ (p<0.05) among the samples. Cell viable counts were reduced and total fermentation time was longer in the isofl avonessupplemented soy product, suggesting that the isofl avone addition could inhibit the starter cultures. However, all the products may be considered probiotic since they exhibited lactic acid bacterial populations varying from 2.3 x 109 up to 1.22 x 1010 CFU/mL. Fermentation of soymilk did not change the isofl avones profi le. In conclusion, it was possible to obtain a fermented soy product containing a high isofl avones concentration, adequate sensory and chemical characteristics and lactic acid bacterial viability suffi ciently high to characterize the product as a probiotic. The mixed starter culture was not able to convert the glycoside isofl avones into aglycone or produce equol during the fermented soy product processing.

Influence of a probiotic soy product on fecal microbiota and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in a animal model

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)