Influência das épocas de colheita na qualidade de tomate cultivado em sistemas alternativos

On tomato production in Brazil, around two/thirties is designated to consume "in nature". Thus, the skin aspect and its quality became an important factor on buying decision. Tomato presents high mass of water, and its quality depends on temperature and humidity variation. Water loss brings weight and fruit aspect loss, affecting the quality. This work aimed to verify the influence of harvest season on the fruit quality grown in alternative, organic and biodynamic systems. It was evaluated tomato quality characteristics, including mass loss, texture, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids. The cycle stage of the tomato plant interferes on fruit quality. The third, fourth and fifth harvests were those which showed the highest values to quality parameters, with more fresh mass fruit. The sixth harvest showed fruits with high total soluble solids and sugar contents. on the evaluation of mass loss on the three harvest seasons, it was observed that on the first harvest there was a smaller loss. The period of harvest cycle interferes on the time of storage, and fruitd harvested on the first have more conservation time in relation to the other ones.

Processo de alimentação do Sistema de Informação do HiperDia: Estudo de Caso no município de Natal/RN

Although the records indicate the involvement of the City Christmas in the feeding system HiperDia, a survey conducted by the Health Ministry in 2004 found that the number of entries made in Natal was well below estimate. In order to understand the functioning of HiperDia, we performed this study to analyze the actions taken by the professionals involved in power system HiperDia in Natal / RN. The research has developed into a quantitative perspective, with the design of exploratory case study conducted in the health services that integrate the various levels of the organization who are directly involved with the process of system power HiperDia in Natal / RN , represented here by SMS, health districts and the Family Health Units in the period from August to October 2008.Study participants were 110 professionals, including nurses, physicians, operators, administrator and a coordinator. The survey results showed that feeding HiperDia in Natal was maintained mainly by health professionals and operators. Activities include carrying out the state registration, monitoring, and updating of data transfer routines. They report that the difficulties in the process of feeding data are related to the work of teams and / or lack of structure of the Program of Hypertension and Diabetes (HA and DM), the discontinuity of federal investments in improving the HiperDia and lack of training. We can see then that the process of feeding system on Christmas HiperDia therefore is developing the three levels (SMS, districts and health units), however is not matching the expectations established by MS, considering that the gaps the flow of information are undermining the end result of this process

Uso urbano não potável de água de lagoas do sistema de drenagem de Natal

The detention and infiltration ponds of urban drainage system has function to protect the population from undesirable effects of floods. In general these ponds are not completly used and it potential is wasted. As it are disseminated at different places at cities it can reduce costs with water transport and permit water preservation of best quality. Some it utilities includes use in green areas irrigation, industrial among than cooling towers and boiler, soil compaction, cleaning urban road, pisciculture and fire fighting system. The quality these water is influenced by anauthorized sewage in the drainage system. This study was performed in six detention and infiltration ponds at drainage system of Natal, which aim was to verify the non-portable use these ponds on urban environment. As indirect aim would to incentive the water utilization these ponds as a water source to another uses in urban environment. These ponds represents the characteristics of detention and infiltration of Natal city and consequently of Brazil. As the water quality, the ponds presents following characteristics: three has apparently good quality, other showed intermediate condition and two had water polluted. Were performed twenty sample in each ponds and the following parameters assessed: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, coliform thermotolerant, ammonia, organic nitrogen, TKN, nitrate, total phosphorus and alkalinity, bicarbonate, chloride, total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness, total solids, TSS, TDS, COD and SAR°. To utilization on pisciculture we recommend use in ponds which presents the best quality. Only one pond presented higher pollutants and it not being appropriated for use in cooling tower. The content of solids suspension restricted the water use in all ponds in boilers. As water use in soil compaction, cleaning urban road and fire fighting system the water from these ponds are not appropriated. However, the recommended limits from literature are to domestic sewage, due to this, the parameters are restrictive to diminish the sanitary risk that could be offered with it utilization. The infiltration velocity of water these assessed ponds restrict a moderato use, however the effects are potentiated only in soil less sandy, which not occur in Natal. It is recommend the unrestricted irrigation utilization in ponds with best quality of water, and a restricted irrigation to ponds with worst quality of water. As load of pollutants, it is recommended a complementary treatment in those ponds whit higher load to diminish sanitary risks. In only one pond was found one helminth eggs and due to the convention formula of results, it was found for all ponds less than 1 helminth/liter eggs.

Modelo de programação matemática para controle do crescimento da vegetação sob redes de distribuição de energia elétrica

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desempenho do piauçu (Leporinus macrocephalus) arraçoado com dietas contendo diferentes teores de tanino

Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito dos taninos sobre o desempenho produtivo e a composição da carcaça do piauçu. Utilizaram-se 21 aquários (80 L) num sistema de fluxo fechado com circulação continua (vazão de 1 L/min), filtro biológico e temperatura controlada. Empregaram-se 84 peixes com peso médio inicial de 5,06 g, na densidade de quatro por aquário, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e três repetições. As rações foram formuladas de forma a apresentarem-se isoenergéticas (3200 kcal ED/ kg de ração) e isoprotéicas (30% PB), com as seguintes composições de tanino total: 0,00; 0,23; 0,46; 0,69; 0,92; 1,37 e 1,82. Avaliou-se a influência do tanino sobre o desempenho produtivo: ganho de peso, conversão alimentar aparente e taxa de eficiência protéica; a composição corporal dos peixes: proteína bruta da carcaça, extrato etéreo da carcaça, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo dos fígados e gordura visceral; e a relação hepatossomática: índice hepatossomático. Concluiu-se que, embora a presença de até 0,69% de taninos na ração não tenha comprometido os índices de conversão alimentar aparente e taxa de eficiência protéica das rações, níveis iguais ou superiores a 0,46% resultaram em ganho de peso significativamente inferior para o piauçu e que a espécie se mostrou sensível à presença de taninos condensados, os quais prejudicaram significativamente o metabolismo e o valor biológico dos nutrientes presentes nas rações.

Aplicação de redes neurais na estimação da temperatura interna de transformadores de distribuição imersos em óleo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Clarke's alpha, beta, and zero components: A possible approach for the conceptual design of instrumentation compatible with IEEE Std. 1459-2000

This paper explains the conceptual design of instrumentation that measures electric quantities defined in the Std. 1459-2000. It is shown how the instantaneous-space-phasor approach, based on alpha, beta, 0 components, can be used to monitor electric energy flow, evaluate the utilization of transmission line, and quantify the level of harmonic pollution injected by nonlinear loads.

The instantaneous-space-phasor a powerful diagnosis tool

This paper presents the instantaneous-space-phasor (ISP) definition and describes its properties and possible applications for three-phase systems. It is shown that the ISP provides the mathematical base for a new approach to the measurement of active, reactive, and apparent power. Moreover, the ISP helps separate the positive and negative-sequence components and fits perfectly into the Buchholz-Goodhue apparent power definition.

Harmonic identification using parallel neural networks in single-phase systems

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Clarke's alpha, beta and zero components: A possible approach for the conceptual design of instrumentation compatible with IEEE Std. 1459-2000

The paper explains the conceptual design of instrumentation that measures electric quantities defined in the trial-use Std. 1459-2000. It is shown how the Instantaneous-Space-Phasor (ISP) approach, based on α, β, 0 components, can be used to monitor electric energy flow, evaluate the utilization of transmission line and quantify the level of harmonic pollution injected by nonlinear loads.

Concentração de flúor nas águas de abastecimento público de municípios da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

It may be difficult for small and medium cities to obtain information about the fluoride content of public water, because of the lack of equipments and technicians. This study aimed to analyze the fluoride levels of the water supplied by the public treatment stations of 40 cities situated in the northwest region of São Paulo State, during a period of 6 months, to verify if fluoridation occurs in a continuous manner and if the fluoride levels are within the recommended. Maps of the water distribution system were obtained from the water treatment companies and utilized to randomize the addresses of the collection sites, so that they included all regions with treated water sources. One water sample by month was collected and analyzed in duplicate using an ion-specific-electrode. Samples with 0.6 to 0.8 mgF/L were considered acceptable. In the 38 cities that regularly provided the samples in the 6 months of the study, water from 144 collection sites was collected and a total of 864 samples were analyzed, of which 61.81 percent were classified as unacceptable. It was observed that 33 cities performed fluoridation but in 78.79 percent of these cities there were variations in the fluoride level among the sites and in the same site during the period of study. One can conclude that most of these cities do not control the fluoride levels in the public water, since fluoridation occurs in a discontinuous manner and in most of the situations not within the recommended concentrations.

Avaliação de desempenho do microaspersor amanco em bancada de testes

The need for a rational use of water and supply of food for a growing world population have led to the development of research in the area of irrigation systems. Thus, some irrigation systems which join efficiency with low cost of material have been developed. Although some technical characteristics are provided by the manufacturers, tests are required to verify functioning of the system and uniformity of water distribution. Continuous research on uniformity, characteristics of the materials and design of water distribution systems is essential for system improvement. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the CV (manufacturer's coefficient of variation) of Amanco microsprinkler (1.0 mm light green nipple) using bench testing in the laboratory of Irrigation at UNESP - FCA campus of Botucatu-SP. Twenty-five microsprinklers in a sequential design were used in the tests. Three flow systems were tested as follows: a Coil system based on serial connected pipes; a Lateral system, the most common system in which secondary lines are fed by a main line; and a Mesh system used in the urban water supply. The results showed that 4.17% CVf met the production standards and the Lateral and Mesh systems were similar regarding outflow using bench testing. The Mesh system presented the highest mean value of outflow and the lowest range of variation.

A statistical analysis of loss factor to determine the energy losses

Given that the total amount of losses in a distribution system is known, with a reliable methodology for the technical loss calculation, the non-technical losses can be obtained by subtraction. A usual method of calculation technical losses in the electric utilities uses two important factors: load factor and the loss factor. The load factor is usually obtained with energy and demand measurements, whereas, to compute the loss factor it is necessary the learning of demand and energy loss, which are not, in general, prone of direct measurements. In this work, a statistical analysis of this relationship using the curves of a sampling of consumers in a specific company is presented. These curves will be summarized in different bands of coefficient k. Then, it will be possible determine where each group of consumer has its major concentration of points. ©2008 IEEE.

A Influência da Referência de Tensão na Avaliação de Indicadores de Qualidade de Energia

This paper discusses the importance of the voltage referential for power quality monitoring and power systempsilas instrumentation. Considering the operating conditions of simple power circuits, it will be demonstrated that an incorrect choice of the voltages referential may result in erroneous quantification of some power quality indices, especially in three-phase four wire circuits. The use of a virtual reference point and the neutral conductor as reference have been considered and the simulation results confirm the influence of the voltage reference selection in the evaluation of total harmonic distortion, unbalance factors and voltage sags. Finally a way of linking both methods will be discussed by means of Blakesleypsilas theorem. © Copyright 2010 IEEE - All Rights Reserved.

Multiloop controller and reference generator for a dynamic voltage restorer implementation

This paper deals with the design and analysis of a Dynamic Voltage Restorer output voltage control. Such control is based on a multiloop strategy, with an inner current PID regulator and an outer P+Resonant voltage controller. The inner regulator is applied on the output inductor current. It will be also demonstrated how the load current behavior may influence in the DVR output voltage, which justifies the need for the resonant controller. Additionally, it will be discussed the application of a modified algorithm for the identification of the DVR voltage references, which is based on a previously presented positive sequence detector. Since the studied three-phase DVR is assumed to be based on three identical H-bridge converters, all the analysis and design procedures were realized by means of single-phase equivalent circuits. The discussions and conclusions are supported by theoretical calculations, nonlinear simulations and some experimental results. ©2008 IEEE.