993 resultados para Converter DC-AC
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Donateur : Bonaparte, Roland (1858-1924)
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This project developed an automatic conversion software tool that takes input a from an Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) MicroStation three-dimensional (3D) design file and converts it into a form that can be used by the University of Iowa’s National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS) MiniSim. Once imported into the simulator, the new roadway has the identical geometric design features as in the Iowa DOT design file. The base roadway appears as a wireframe in the simulator software. Through additional software tools, textures and shading can be applied to the roadway surface and surrounding terrain to produce the visual appearance of an actual road. This tool enables Iowa DOT engineers to work with the universities to create drivable versions of prospective roadway designs. By driving the designs in the simulator, problems can be identified early in the design process. The simulated drives can also be used for public outreach and human factors driving research.
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The creation of three-dimensional (3D) drawings for proposed designs for construction, re-construction and rehabilitation activities are becoming increasingly common for highway designers, whether by department of transportation (DOT) employees or consulting engineers. However, technical challenges exist that prevent the use of these 3D drawings/models from being used as the basis of interactive simulation. Use of driving simulation to service the needs of the transportation industry in the US lags behind Europe due to several factors, including lack of technical infrastructure at DOTs, cost of maintaining and supporting simulation infrastructure—traditionally done by simulation domain experts—and cost and effort to translate DOT domain data into the simulation domain.
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The creation of three-dimensional (3D) drawings for proposed designs for construction, re-construction and rehabilitation activities are becoming increasingly common for highway designers, whether by department of transportation (DOT) employees or consulting engineers. However, technical challenges exist that prevent the use of these 3D drawings/models from being used as the basis of interactive simulation. Use of driving simulation to service the needs of the transportation industry in the US lags behind Europe due to several factors, including lack of technical infrastructure at DOTs, cost of maintaining and supporting simulation infrastructure—traditionally done by simulation domain experts—and cost and effort to translate DOT domain data into the simulation domain.
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Background: Post-surgical management of stage I seminoma includes: surveillance with repeated CT-scans and treatment reserved for those who relapse, or adjuvant treatment with either immediate radiation therapy (RT) or carboplatin. The cancer specific survival is close to 100%. Cure without long-term sequelae of treatment is the aim. Our goal is to estimate the risk of radiation-induced secondary cancers (SC) death from for patients undergoing S, adjuvant RT or adjuvant carboplatin (AC).Materials and Methods: We measured organ doses from CT scans (3 phases each one) of a seminoma patient who was part of the active surveillance strategy and from a man undergoing adjuvant RT 20-Gy and a 30-Gy salvage RT treatment to the para-aortic area using helical Intensity Modulated RT (Tomotherapy®) with accurate delineation of organs at risk and a CTV to PTV expansion of 1 cm. Effective doses to organs in mSv were estimated according to the tissue-weighting factors recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection 103 (Ann ICRP 2007). We estimated SC incidence and mortality for a 10,000 people population based on the excess absolute risk model from the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) VII (Health Risk of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation, NCR, The National Academies Press Washington, DC, 2006) assuming a seminoma diagnosis at age 30, a total life expectancy of 80 years.Results: The nominal risk for a fatal secondary cancers was calculated 1.5% for 15 abdominal CT scans, 14.8% for adjuvant RT (20 Gy paraaortic field) and 22.2% for salvage RT (30 Gy). The calculation assumed that the risk of relapse on surveillance and adjuvant AC was 15% and 4% respectively and that all patients were salvaged at relapse with RT. n CT abdomen/Pelvis = secondary cancer % RT Dose and % receiving treatment = secondary cancer % Total secondary cancer risk in % Active surveillance 15 = 1.5% 30 Gy in 15% of pts = 3.3% 4.8 Adjuvant carboplatin 7 = 0.7% 30 Gy in 4% of pts = 0.88% 1.58 Adjuvant radiotherapy 7 = 0.7% 20 Gy in 100% of pts = 14.8% 15.5Conclusions: These data suggest that: 1) Adjuvant radiotherapy is harmful and should not anymore be regarded as a standard option for seminoma stage I. 2) AC seems to be an option to reduce radiation induced cancers. Limitations: the study does not consider secondary cancers due to chemotherapy with AC (unknown). The use of BEIR VII for risk modeling with higher doses of RT needs to be validated.
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This User’s Guide serves as a reference for field personnel using the sign inventory data collection software tool. This tool was developed to simplify and standardize the collection and updating of sign inventory information. The software and collection methodology was developed by the Iowa DOT Sign Management Task Force and the Center for Transportation Research and Education at Iowa State University. Required Equipment -The data collection process requires both a portable computer and a global positioning system (GPS) device (connected via USB cable). Since computer battery performance varies, a DC power converter is recommended. A check-in/out process has also been established which allows updates to sign information from the central database.
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Aquest llibre reuneix un estudi arqueològic extraordinà riament acurat referit a tot un seguit d'actuacions detectades a partir del registre arqueològic, que caracteritzen l'espai urbà de l'antiga Iluro durant el perÃode de l'Antiguitat tardana. S'hi estudia amb molt deteniment cadascuna de les accions detectades -aixà com tot el mobiliari cerà mic relacionat- amb la finalitat de situar-les correctament en el temps, però també per entendre, a través de la cultura material, la dinà mica que pren la ciutat a les darreries de l'Antiguitat; per a poder intuir, més que saber, quina societat es desenvolupa darrere d¿aquests contenidors plens de productes alimentaris arribats d¿un ultramar llunyà i alhora molt proper; una societat capaç de respondre a l¿estÃmul exterior amb una producció pròpia que competirà o substituirà una gran part de la que ve de fora.
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[La doctrine chrétienne (latin). Extrait. 1854]
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Presentem l'estudi taxonòmic dels représentants d'Euphorbia subsect. Esula a la PenÃnsula Ibèrica. Prèviament, s'inclou un primer capÃtol dedicai a l'estudi de les epidermis foliars i un segon capÃtol sobre nombres cromosòmics...
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Seguimos para este taxon, en lo nomenclatural, a TAMURA & LAUENER (1979:459), mientras no se tipifique de forma adecuada A. lycoctonum L., considerado nom. ambig. ya por TUTIN (1964:212), con pocas posibilidades de que no sea diverso de A. vulparia. A. pyrenaicum L. es también algo muy distinto del taxon que nos ocupa y, en caso de no ser aceptada la proposición de que se lo considere ñamen rejiciendum, hecha por TAMURA & LAUENER (Le.: 447), seria el nombre correcto para A. barbatum Pers. (=A. squarrosum DC.) de Siberia. Otro nombre que aún podrÃa ser prioritario, A. altissimum Miller (WARNCKE, 1964:30; TAMURA & LAUENER, l.c), no puede usarse en tanto no se localice algún material de aquel en que se basó la descripción un tanto ambigua de Miller....
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Senecio pterophorus DC. is an erect, semilignose shrub (fig. 1) which grows up to 2 m high. Is a chamaephyte basipetal branch-shedder (ORSHAN, Plant pheno-morphological studies in Mediterranean type ecosystems: 210-211. 1989) whose new branches appear below inflorescences but not from the lower parts of the plant. Leaves lanceolate. Stems are annual and develop at their apex a great number of small (up to 15 mm in diameter) yellow capitula which are grouped in a corymbose-paniculated inflorescence (HARVEY & SONDER, Flora Capensis: Cape Colony, Caffraria & Port Natal 3: 386.1865).