Correlation between urban form and PM2.5 concentration — Evidence from the New York metropolitan Area and Shanghai city

With the development of the economy and society, air pollution has posed a huge threat to public health around the world, especially to people who live in urban areas. Typically, urban development patterns can be roughly divided into compact cities and urban sprawl. In recent years, the relationship between urban form and air quality (especially PM2.5) is gaining more and more attention from urban planners, environmentalists, and governments. This study is focusing on The New York metropolitan area and Shanghai city, which are both megacities but with different urban spatial forms. For both study areas,there are five main variables to measure the urban form metrics, naming Population Density, Artificial Land Area Per Ten Thousand People, Road Density, Green Land Area Ratio and Artificial Land Area Ratio. In addition, considering the impact of economic activities and public transportation, GDP per capita, Number of bus stop and Number of subway station are used as control variables. Based on the results of regression, a megacity like the New York metropolitan area with urban sprawl shows a low spatial correlation on PM2.5 concentration. Meanwhile, almost all the spatial form indicators effect on PM2.5 concentration is not significant. However, a compact megacity like Shanghai shows a diametrically opposite result. Urban form, especially population density, has a strong relationship with PM2.5 concentration. It can be predicted that a reduction in population density would lead to significant improvements on decrease the PM2.5 concentration in Shanghai. Meanwhile, increasing the ratio of green land and construction area per capita will get a positive influence on reducing PM2.5 concentration as well. Road density is not a significant factor for a megacity in both two urban forms. The way and type of energy used by vehicles on megacities maybe more critical.

Der 11. September aus der Sicht eines Schweizer Trauma Fellows in New York [September 11 from the viewpoint of a Swiss trauma fellow in New York]

This is the report of the events of September 11th seen through the eyes of a Swiss Trauma Fellow. This ill-fated day is described by someone who went down to ground zero with other doctors to help and save lives and came back frustrated because there was so little to be done.

[Le boxeur français Georges] Papin et son manager [François] Descamps (C.N. New-York) : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59250

[Le boxeur français Georges] Papin (cliché C.N. New-York) : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59251

The New York Weekly Museum Newspaper, Vol. II, No.25- October 23, 1813

A weekly paper that was published from 1805 to 1814. War related news includes: Page 99 - Weekly Retrospect: American report on British naval movements near Louisiana; General William Harrison reports on: a victory at Moravian Town (Moraviantown) on October 5; Ottawas, Chippewas, Wyandots Miamies and Delaware First Nations (Indians) leaving the British side; Tecumseh remaining with the British; American army and navy attempt for a reduction of Mackinac and St. Joseph's; Colonel Chapin attacking a British picket guard near Fort George on October 6; Report that the British have abandoned the Fort George area for Kingston and is being pursued by General McClure; Forces in Sackett's Harbour ready for an attach on Canada; General Provost believed to have left Kingston for Montreal with 1000 men; Report from Burlington (Lake Champlain) of an attack on St. Armands against Colonel Clark on October 15; Report of the American's taking of the Packet Morgiana by the Schooner Saratoga under Captain Adderton by Newport; Announcement by the New York City Common Council for a celebration of Perry and Harrison's victories on the evening of October 23. The rest of the newspaper contains literary works (poems and translations), marriages, deaths and other anecdotes. The motto on the front page states: "Visiting Every Flower with Labour Meet, and Gathering all its Treasures, Sweet by Sweet."

The New York Weekly Museum Newspaper, Vol. I, No.26- October 31, 1812

A weekly paper that was published from 1805 to 1814. War related news includes: Page 103 - Weekly Retrospect: Troop movements of Captain Morgan and a company of light dragoons from Niagara to Greenbush; report on the Battle of Queenston Heights including a casualty listing and a mention of the death of Major General Isaac Brock and Colonel McDonald and the American's respect for Brock; British attach of Fort Erie and the Village of Black Rock; the privateer Globe under Captain Murphy returning to Baltimore after capturing a British letter of marque; First Nation / Indian attacks near St. Louis; movements of General W. Harrison and army from Fort Defiance to the rapids of Miama (Miami). The rest of the newspaper contains literary works (poems and translations), essays (including on celibacy), marriages, deaths and other anecdotes. The motto on the front page states: "Visiting Every Flower with Labour Meet, and Gathering all its Treasures, Sweet by Sweet."

Proceedings of the Senate and Assembly of the State of New York, 1823

Seven pages of proceedings of the Senate and Assembly of the State of New York dated February 27, March 1 and March 6, 1823. Proceedings include a report of the Committee of the Canal System , Memorial of Samuel Wilkeson on the subject of Black Rock and Buffalo Harbors, a report from the Surveyor General of the land reserved to the state at Black Rock, and an Act to incorporate the Niagara Canal Company.

Letter to W.D. Woodruff from E.E. Black of N.W. Harris and Co. Bankers of New York

Letter to W.D. Woodruff from E.E. Black of N.W. Harris and Co. Bankers of New York (1 page, printed), which accompanied a bill showing $10,000 due on the Dominion Power Company, July 23, 1907.

Letter to W.D. Woodruff from E.E. Black of N.W. Harris and Co. Bankers of New York

Letter to W.D. Woodruff from E.E. Black of N.W. Harris and Co. Bankers of New York (1 page, printed) regarding $41,000 in Dominion Power Company bonds that they have put in safekeeping, Oct. 30, 1907.

Letter to W.D. Woodruff from Mr. Harris of N.W. Harris and Co. Bankers of New York

Letter to W.D. Woodruff from Mr. Harris of N.W. Harris and Co. Bankers of New York (1 page, printed) which accompanied a receipt for the $41,000 Dominion Power Company bonds, Nov. 4, 1907.

Letter to W.D. Woodruff from E.C. Wheeler Jr. of N.W. Harris and Co. Bankers of New York

Letter to W.D. Woodruff from E.C. Wheeler Jr. of N.W. Harris and Co. Bankers of New York (1 page, printed) saying that he is pleased that Mr. Woodruff has decided to take the $10,000 Dominion Powers at 90 and interest. They will expect Mr. Woodruff in a few days, Dec. 10, 1907.