Reflex��es sobre a pr��tica pedag��gica nas atividades de ensino: monitoria, no ensino m��dio em escola particular e estadual em Rio Claro

The difficulties related to physics teaching are related to methodology, that hinder learning, because some physical concepts beyond the common sense of most students. Just as poor training of some physics instructors in teaching is pedagogical difficulties. And also factors of infrastructure, heterogeneity in students' previous training etc.. It is proposed aim of this work to use reflection of teaching practice as a methodology. Practiced in a private school, mostly state and, in high school in Rio Claro. The method consists of preparing a daily pedagogical practice in parallel to the development of teaching, for analysis and identification of factors that result in improving the teaching of physics and physics teacher qualification

Efeitos da experimenta����o no cotidiano letivo no ensino m��dio

In this work, it was studied the effects of the experimentation in the physics teaching. Beginning from the theoretic reference and discussions, the objective was prove the efficiency of researches of this nature related to two main aspects of a class: The aroused interest in the students and the facilitating action on the understanding of the theory. For such objective, using the comparison, it was chosen two distinct classes, but the more similar possible, so that, in one of them, it was showed a tradition class, lectures and in another, a class using experimentation to contemplate the theory. To manage a way to rate these aspects, it was made a conceptual questionnaire, requiring only concepts rather than mathematics and equations, besides specific interviews to rate the opinion of the student related to each method. The observations in classes and of the reactions of the students also were of a big value to analysis. After the experimental class completed, it may analyze and conclude some positive points related to experimental methods: As for the opinion of the students, the approval was big, and the majority opined to this class as being ���more interesting���. On the point of view of learning, it had a sensitive improvement of grades, but with more mature answers, deep and autonomous, if looking at a general vision

Educa����o do campo e ensino de ciências: Desafios e propostas a partir de princ��pios agroecol��gicos

Com o fen��meno da Revolu����o Verde a partir da d��cada de 1950, o campo brasileiro sofreu grandes modifica����es como o incentivo a mecaniza����o pesada e o investimento em insumos agr��colas, como fertilizantes e agrot��xicos. O processo de transforma����o politica e ado����o do liberalismo pelo governo ditatorial incentivaram ainda mais a agricultura baseada no modelo da Revolu����o Verde e tamb��m fez ocasionou grandes transforma����es na educa����o. Com a redemocratiza����o, tanto a educa����o como o campo, passaram a ser discutidos intensamente, no governo e nos movimentos sociais. A partir da Constitui����o Brasileira de 1988, foi elaborada a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educa����o Nacional (LDBEN 9394/96) e seu artigo 28 disp��e sobre a educa����o do campo. Por��m, somente em 2002, as escolas do campo passaram a ter uma legisla����o especifica, reconhecendo as particularidades da educa����o para camponeses. Em 2008, o Governo do Estado de S��o Paulo lan��ou a Proposta Curricular com o objetivo de organizar o sistema educacional e, com isso, todas as escolas da rede estadual seguem o mesmo curr��culo e material did��tico. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar os conte��dos do material did��tico destinado ao 6�� ano do Ensino Fundamental da disciplina de Ciências e avaliar se esses conte��dos atendem a perspectiva da educa����o do campo em uma comunidade no interior de S��o Paulo e elaborar uma proposta de material did��tico complementar, embasado nos princ��pios da agroecologia. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da pesquisa, realizada junto ao Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra ��� MST, em que se constatou que o material do governo n��o apresenta nenhuma especificidade ou adequa����o para os estudantes e escolas do campo e apresenta um material que pode contribuir para a forma����o desses estudantes

Um estudo sobre a implementa���� odo programa etnomatem��tica no contexto escolar

This research aims to present the Ethnomathematics Program, created by D'Ambrosio (1984), as a proposal for the teaching of mathematics, making it contextualized, meaningful and a program able to form critical and creative citizens, capable of transform reality. By presenting from Ethnomathematics perspective the conception of the activities, scholar curriculum and current evaluation system, a possibility of innovation on nowadays education system is opened, a system that is characterized by D'Ambrosio as obsolete. For the implementation of this proposal, a change on the teacher's attitude appears as necessary, a new attitude that makes active interferences during the learning process, and uses previous knowledge acquired by the student throughout their experiences as a starting point on teaching process. The approach between Ethnomathematics perspective and Mathematics Program provides a better opportunity for the students to construct mathematical knowledge. It is important to emphasize that the Ethnomathematics is as an interdisciplinary as a transdisciplinary program, which means that the Program is not restricted just for education and development of mathematics

Avalia����o do impacto do material did��tico proposto pela Secretaria de Ensino do estado de S��o Paulo para a disciplina de Educa����o F��sica

No ano de 2008, a Secretaria do Estado de S��o Paulo prop��s para todas as escolas estaduais o uso do material did��tico para todas as disciplinas, inclusive para a educa����o f��sica, com proposta de atividade para o Ensino Fundamental e o Ensino M��dio. Nas aulas de educa����o f��sica encontram-se professores rola bola, que oferecem a bola aos alunos e n��o se preocupam com qualquer tipo de interven����o. Tamb��m, encontrams-se professores que procuram ampliar os conhecimentos dos alunos, aprofundando os conte��dos de educa����o f��sica. Com base nisso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto do material did��tico na opini��o dos professores do 8�� ano do Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com cinco professores, que utilizam o material did��tico proposto pela Secretaria do Estado de S��o Paulo. Ap��s a an��lise dos dados, verificou-se que os professores apresentam a mesma opini��o no que diz respeito ao que se deve mudar no material did��tico; dois professores acreditam que �� poss��vel aplicar o material na ��ntegra. Alguns professores afirmaram que ��s vezes �� necess��ria a ajuda dos alunos na realiza����o de algumas atividades. Outros concordam que o material chega quase sempre atrasado e isso prejudica o planejamento, atrasando o desenvolvimento dos conte��dos.

O uso de experimentos did��ticos como ferramenta para o ensino de f��sica nos anos iniciais da educa����o b��sica

When it comes to teaching physics in the early years of elementary school, the first question is: but there are opportunities to teach concepts to children of such complexity? This study sought to examine approaches and strategies to enter the Basic Education in Physics. To this end, we used low cost materials testing, taking as its starting point the work of Ferreira (1978) instrumentation for Teaching Physics, particularly with the theme electrostatics. The present study was made from the use of prototypes developed with the materials cited. Observations were made in the classroom looking for, from the records of teaching, analyzing the behavior of children and their arguments, possibilities for Physics Teaching this age group as well as some evidence of their cognitive development. In teaching discussions were held with students of the early years of elementary school involving conceptual and phenomenological aspects, adapting such knowledge at the level of logical and mathematical thinking that was still under development. The work shows that it is possible to work on electrostatic physical concepts with children belonging to the age group of nine to ten years. With the support of the group Pibid Physics city of Rio Claro, I realize my observations and practices at the Municipal School Marcelo Schmidt, which proved to be available and open for acceptance of this proposal

Aprendizagem dos alunos de 5�� ano do ensino fundamental em aritm��tica e suas dificuldades na resolu����o de problemas com estrutura multiplicativa

The topic in this work involving the resolution of problems with structure multiplicativa emerged from discussions carried out on the difficulties encountered by students of the first cycle of the Fundamental School in Mathematics, mainly in respect of the arithmetic. The research had as objective to investigate the main difficulties presented by these students when they are faced with a task for a resolution of problems with multiplicativa structure. Were participants, in the first stage of the study, 20 students of the fifth year of the Fundamental School of a state school of public education of the State of Sao Paulo. These students have an assessment containing ten problems with structure multiplicativa answered a questionnaire regarding of mathematics. In the second stage, were selected two students to participate in the think aloud. The data analysis showed that the difficulties presented by the participants were: 1- difficulty to read and interpret the set of problems; 2- select the operation correct; 3- to operate correctly; 4 ��� Trouble writing

Estrat��gias de aplica����o de softwares educativos como instrumentos para o ensino de f��sica

The technological advances of recent decades combined with digital inc1usion in Brazil sparked the country's population to the constant use of computers to perform tasks in many different natures. Whether it's for communication, entertainment, work or school, computers are tools with increasing numbers in Brazilian homes. Along with this evolution the Brazilian Physics teaching should be aware of the use of teaching tools that relate directly to the computer to student learning. Highlighting in this work we have scanned the contents of the Wikipedia community, a wide variety of educational videos placed on YouTube, educational games that try to teach the player in a fun way and a variety educational softwares placed on the World Wide Web. It is with special attention to educational softwares as tools for teaching physics, which describe some strategies for use of these software, combined with the textbooks, to illustrate some ways to introduce the use of educational softwares directly in the classroom

Um estudo sobre a resolu����o de problemas e suas rela����es com a afetividade

This research aims at examining the relationship between the performance of elementary school students Cycle I in problem solving and attitudes toward mathematics. For this, a research was conducted at a state school in the city of Bauru which was selected for convenience. Participants were randomly selected consisting of 75 students, of whom 21 were third years and 57 were of three classes of fifth year. The instruments used for data collection were: a informative questionnaire to characterize the students in age, grade, favorite subjects and the least liked, among others, an attitude scale, Likert type, to examine the attitudes toward mathematics; a interviews with 11 selected students according to scores on the attitudes and mathematical problems to be solved through the method of thinking aloud. The results showed that the major difficulties encountered by students in solving problems were: to understand the problems, formalizing the reasoning, recognize in the problem the algorithms needed for its resolution, make calculations with decimal numbers, do combinatorics, using the sum of equal portions instead of multiplying, self-confidence and autonomy in what he was doing, and others; participants with positive attitudes towards mathematics showed greater confidence to solve problems as well as a greater understanding on what was required by them, but were not detected significant relation between the attitudes and performance, since it was unfavorable

A evolu����o na pr��tica da educa����o: o uso das m��dias como ferramentas no ensino/aprendizagem da educa����o matem��tica

It is possible to note that the teaching done in the usual way goes against the language of youth today. It is essential that there be incentives and subsidies regarding the use of such media, whether the responsible government agencies and their members, be they principals and teachers, so there is a reform in the existing educational models and teaching. Currently, teaching is in a purely encyclopedic context of teaching models with pre-defined, ignoring the teaching based on the context in which the student lives (ethnomathematics). The objective of this work is to show how the use of audiovisual best known, such as newspapers, magazines, TV and computers can assist in teaching and learning of mathematics education, making teaching more enjoyable and inserted into the day-to-day student

A gin��stica no ensino fundamental e m��dio na cidade de Rio Claro/SP: a perspectiva dos alunos

The Gymnastic as a manifestation of the Body Culture Movement should be part of the contents worked in scholar Physical Education, throughout the process of Basic teaching. However, according to studies conducted by researchers from academic Gymnastics school knowledge involving the gymnastics have been tentatively taught in school by numerous factors. For this, the objective of this research was to understand and analyze the opinion of students in middle and high school about gymnastics classes developed with the involvement of graduation scholarship holder and the coordination of the project Gymnastics Goes to School from the UNESP/Campus Rio Claro ���N��cleos de Ensino���, in 2012. This research used a questionnaire with topics about the Gymnastic with options: Never Practiced, Like a Lot, Like, Am Indifferent, Dislike, Hate with a space for writing and drawing, relevant to the research objectives. The research was performed with 79 students in middle and high school. With data analysis, it was observed that the students identified themselves more with the Artistic Gymnastic, followed by Rhythmic and Acrobatic Gymnastic and, at last, the General Gymnastic, both through the questionnaire and trough the drawings, which goes against the results from the article published in 2010 by Pereira et al, entitled The students detest the contents gymnastic in physical education classes: motives and alternatives, where the students understand the gymnastics activities only as support, abdominal and stretching. Therefore, to have a real understanding of gymnastics in school, there is a need for teachers to explain and develop the contents gimmicks, so the students could understand the difference among Gymnastics activities and, at the same time, discovering the pleasures of this body practice

Um Estudo da modelagem matem��tica na educa����o matem��tica e seu potencial para o desenvolvimento do pensamento cr��tico

The implementation of mathematical modeling curricula represents a great challenge, both for teachers and students, since it escapes the traditional teaching methodology, i.e. when the teacher speaks to his/her students. This work presents, at least, one possible way of implementing mathematical modeling inside the classroom, and how this way encourage critical thinking in students. I see mathematical modeling as an opportunity to minimize student's rejection and increase their interest for mathematics, promoting their competencies to give points of scene in every day situations. The history of mathematics shows that mathematical modeling had developed since almost the beginning of human live, when men needed to solve problems that arose in the course of his life. Mathematics has become more and more abstract, but it is important to recall what was originated it. In this way, it is possible to make this subject matter more meaningful to students. I will make an introduction of mathematical modeling, presenting some important definitions. Based on this framework, I will present a classroom instruction understand on a 7 th grade classroom by myself. With this in instruction I sustain the idea that mathematical modeling has, in fact, a great potential to improve the quality of mathematics teaching. I also sustain that, the development of critical thinking, as a competence, way be achieved with it

O experimento e o l��dico: reflex��es sobre atividades did��ticas experimentais para o ensino de F��sica e a ludicidade

In this work, is discussed the importance of experimental activities in Education of Physics in Basic Education from the experience of Supervised Stage and the work with the Initiation of Teaching in the Program PIBID CAPES, in this case linked to the Department of Education of the Institute of Biosciences, Campus Rio Claro, S��o Paulo State, in partnership with three schools of basic education in the city. At first, based on the work of Ferreira with Instrumentation for Teaching Physics, consider the electrostatic theme. The focus is the searching for equipments constructed with low cost materials and easy access. Were developed and promoted strategies of the use of such materials in Physics��� Teaching, with a view to reintroducing experimental teaching activities in Public Basic Education, in the form Workshop Learning and Teaching of Physics, as well as lessons of Laboratory with the help of script and also in the form of an Experiments Library. These experimental activities were critically analyzed with a focus on playfulness. The focus of work in experimental activities for the Physics��� Teaching allowed to redeem, critically, didactic materials. From the standpoint of playfulness, playful moments and interaction of individuals with the knowledge that provides the experimental material when used strategically, they seem to be of great relevance to the Physics��� Teaching in Basic Education. It is possible to use experiments in Physics��� Teaching in public schools

Fazendo conex��es com o mundo real: uso de conceitos e modelos da f��sica no contexto da zoologia

There are considerations of that the education of Physics of the way as comes being driven us textbooks and consequently in classroom, is distant and distorted of their real purpose. We notice that the education of this science through the Physical school discipline, has I assume a character of preparation for university entrance exams exercises resolution, exceling for the memorization of formulae and by the mathematical solutions, fact that looks to cause to it is lacking of motivation and to the disinterest of the students regarding his contents. Since we are surrounded by phenomena, events, elements of the nature, new technologies, objects and so many others that can be explained and many times until applied and/or reproduced by means of physical concepts, there is no reason for treat to Physical as somewhat academic and remote of the reality. The little interest of high school students by the discipline of Physics and their poor performance in the learning of his contents has led to the search of new paths, resources and strategies that promote a more meaningful learning. Taking into account these facts, we seek in this course conclusion work, observe, analyze and apply concepts of the Physical one in multiple elements of ours routine, doing use of the interdisciplinary nature as a possible mechanism. The animals exert a fascination on most people. Much of what we see in their way of being and behaving can be explained by the laws of Physics and its models. Their physique, behavior and activities involve diverse movements, communication and sensing as physical limitations varied. Zoologists and physicists build models in an attempt to explain or understand animal behavior using well-established physical principles. The creation of physical models is going to approach a problem, identifies the fundamental information and removing all of the irrelevant details. An example... (Complete abstract click electrnic access below)

A hist��ria do salto triplo como subs��dio para seu ensino na escola

O salto triplo existe h�� mais de 2000 anos e foi praticado, primeiramente, pelo povo celta, isto ��, antigos habitantes da Europa Ocidental. Essa prova era praticada em competi����es esportivas rurais e expandiu-se pelo resto da Europa no s��culo XIX. Atualmente, o Brasil serve como refer��ncia para outros pa��ses, j�� que tivemos grandes atletas que marcaram presen��a no cen��rio ol��mpico do salto triplo como, por exemplo, Adhemar Ferreira da Silva, Nelson Prud��ncio e Jo��o Carlos de Oliveira. Apesar de ser uma das provas do atletismo mais antigas, o salto triplo ainda �� muito pouco trabalhado em escolas de todo o pa��s. Por essa raz��o, essa pesquisa, de car��ter hist��rico-bibliogr��fico, tem como objetivo realizar um resgate hist��rico dessa prova, reunindo dados e informa����es pertinentes relacionados ao salto triplo. Nesse sentido, foram realizadas pesquisas no acervo de universidades como Unesp (Rio Claro), Unicamp e PUC-Campinas, al��m de web sites, com livros e artigos digitalizados, e registros diversos que pudessem contribuir para a elabora����o desse trabalho. Esperamos, portanto, al��m de realizar o resgate hist��rico dessa prova, subsidiar o trabalho de professores de Educa����o F��sica no ��mbito escolar, para que o ensino do salto triplo e do atletismo de forma geral se difunda e conquiste mais espa��o nas escolas brasileiras