The impact of the stone age diet on gingival conditions in the absence of oral hygiene

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the oral microbiota and clinical data in subjects without access to traditional oral hygiene methods and who ate a diet available in the Stone Age. METHODS: Ten subjects living in an environment replicating the Stone Age for 4 weeks were enrolled in this study. Bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival and plaque indices, and probing depth (PD) were assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks. Microbiologic samples were collected at the mesio-buccal subgingival aspects of all teeth and from the dorsum of the tongue and were processed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization methods. RESULTS: No subject had periodontitis. Mean BOP decreased from 34.8% to 12.6% (P <0.001). Mean gingival index scores changed from 0.38 to 0.43 (not statistically significant) and mean plaque scores increased from 0.68 to 1.47 (P <0.001). PD at sites of subgingival sampling decreased (mean difference: 0.2 mm; P <0.001). At week 4, the total bacterial count was higher (P <0.001) for 24 of 74 species, including Bacteroides ureolyticus, Eikenella corrodens, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum naviforme, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Staphylococcus aureus (two strains), Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus anginosis, and Streptococcus mitis. Bacterial counts from tongue samples were higher at baseline (P <0.001) for 20 species, including Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; serotype a), and Streptococcus spp. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental gingivitis protocol is not applicable if the diet (e.g., Stone Age) does not include refined sugars. Although plaque levels increased, BOP and PD decreased. Subgingival bacterial counts increased for several species not linked to periodontitis, whereas tongue bacterial samples decreased during the study period.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on the healing of intrabony defects treated with an anorganic bovine bone mineral: a pilot study

BACKGROUND: Periodontal therapy using the combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and different grafting materials has been suggested as a modality to enhance the outcome of regenerative surgery. In most clinical studies, a barrier membrane was used to cover the defects, and thus, the effects of PRP may have been masked by the effects of the barrier. The data from controlled clinical studies evaluating the effect of regenerative therapy using various grafting materials with or without PRP are still limited. The purpose of this study was to clinically compare the healing of intrabony defects treated with either a combination of an anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM) and PRP to those obtained with ABBM alone. METHODS: Thirty patients with advanced chronic periodontal disease and displaying one intrabony defect were randomly treated with PRP + ABBM or ABBM alone. The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and 1 year after treatment: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The primary outcome variable was CAL. RESULTS: No statistical significant differences in any of the investigated parameters between the two groups were observed at baseline. Healing was uneventful in all patients. In the PRP + ABBM group, mean PD decreased from 8.6 +/- 1.8 mm to 3.4 +/- 1.4 mm (P <0.001) and mean CAL changed from 9.9 +/- 1.7 mm to 5.3 +/- 1.8 mm (P <0.001). In the ABBM group, mean PD decreased from 8.5 +/- 2.0 mm to 3.2 +/- 1.3 mm (P <0.001) and mean CAL changed from 9.6 +/- 1.9 mm to 4.9 +/- 1.5 mm (P <0.001). CAL gains >or=3 mm were measured in 80% (12 of 15 defects) of cases treated with PRP + ABBM and in 87% (13 of 15 defects) of cases treated with ABBM alone. No statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed between the two groups at the 1-year reevaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that 1) at 1 year after regenerative surgery with PRP + ABBM and ABBM alone, significant PD reductions and CAL gains were found, and 2) the use of PRP failed to improve the results obtained with ABBM alone.

Identification of pathogen and host-response markers correlated with periodontal disease

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is the major cause of tooth loss in adults and is linked to systemic illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. The development of rapid point-of-care (POC) chairside diagnostics has the potential for the early detection of periodontal infection and progression to identify incipient disease and reduce health care costs. However, validation of effective diagnostics requires the identification and verification of biomarkers correlated with disease progression. This clinical study sought to determine the ability of putative host- and microbially derived biomarkers to identify periodontal disease status from whole saliva and plaque biofilm. METHODS: One hundred human subjects were equally recruited into a healthy/gingivitis group or a periodontitis population. Whole saliva was collected from all subjects and analyzed using antibody arrays to measure the levels of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and bone resorptive/turnover markers. RESULTS: Salivary biomarker data were correlated to comprehensive clinical, radiographic, and microbial plaque biofilm levels measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the generation of models for periodontal disease identification. Significantly elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and -9 were found in subjects with advanced periodontitis with Random Forest importance scores of 7.1 and 5.1, respectively. The generation of receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that permutations of salivary biomarkers and pathogen biofilm values augmented the prediction of disease category. Multiple combinations of salivary biomarkers (especially MMP-8 and -9 and osteoprotegerin) combined with red-complex anaerobic periodontal pathogens (such as Porphyromonas gingivalis or Treponema denticola) provided highly accurate predictions of periodontal disease category. Elevated salivary MMP-8 and T. denticola biofilm levels displayed robust combinatorial characteristics in predicting periodontal disease severity (area under the curve = 0.88; odds ratio = 24.6; 95% confidence interval: 5.2 to 116.5). CONCLUSIONS: Using qPCR and sensitive immunoassays, we identified host- and bacterially derived biomarkers correlated with periodontal disease. This approach offers significant potential for the discovery of biomarker signatures useful in the development of rapid POC chairside diagnostics for oral and systemic diseases. Studies are ongoing to apply this approach to the longitudinal predictions of disease activity.

Radiation therapy for HIV-associated diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

PURPOSE: To report the clinical experience with external beam radiotherapy (RT) for AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) with or without the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in HIV-infected patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical outcome of 24 HIV-seropositive patients with ARL treated with RT from 1995 to 2004 was reviewed, testing factors associated with outcome. RESULTS: After 1 and 5 years, the overall survival was 65% and 35%, respectively. The mean RT dose was 31 Gy after normalization to fractions of daily 2 Gy (range, 7.8-47.2 Gy). Radiotherapy dose was associated with survival in univariate (P = .04) and multivariate analysis (P = .01). Other factors in univariate analysis associated with outcome were viral load (VL), highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), ARL stage, and CNS involvement. Patients with CNS involvement achieved complete response in 46% and improved clinical performance was seen in 73%. CONCLUSIONS: After chemotherapy, RT in combination with HAART is highly active, and RT should be encouraged especially after suboptimal responses to induction treatment.

The Prophecies of Zechariah : with special reference to the origin and date of chapters 9-14

Leipzig, Univ., Diss., 1896

Tuberculosis Mortality and Living Conditions in Bern, Switzerland, 1856-1950.

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a poverty-related disease that is associated with poor living conditions. We studied TB mortality and living conditions in Bern between 1856 and 1950. METHODS We analysed cause-specific mortality based on mortality registers certified by autopsies, and public health reports 1856 to 1950 from the city council of Bern. RESULTS TB mortality was higher in the Black Quarter (550 per 100,000) and in the city centre (327 per 100,000), compared to the outskirts (209 per 100,000 in 1911-1915). TB mortality correlated positively with the number of persons per room (r = 0.69, p = 0.026), the percentage of rooms without sunlight (r = 0.72, p = 0.020), and negatively with the number of windows per apartment (r = -0.79, p = 0.007). TB mortality decreased 10-fold from 330 per 100,000 in 1856 to 33 per 100,000 in 1950, as housing conditions improved, indoor crowding decreased, and open-air schools, sanatoria, systematic tuberculin skin testing of school children and chest radiography screening were introduced. CONCLUSIONS Improved living conditions and public health measures may have contributed to the massive decline of the TB epidemic in the city of Bern even before effective antibiotic treatment became finally available in the 1950s.

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 19 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit Alfred Haas (p. I 10, 1-250)

20 Briefe zwischen Alfred Haas und Max Horkheimer, 1935-1941; 2 Briefe von Willy Haas an Max Horkheimer, 1938; 3 Briefe zwischen Virginia Haber und Max Horkheimer, 12.09.1945, August 1945; 7 Briefe zwischen Hugo Hahn und Max Horkheimer, 1942-1946; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Charles G. Haines, 23.10.1940; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Hall, 02.07.1939; 2 Briefe zwischen H. Duncan Hall und Max Horkheimer, 04.08.1939, 24.07.1939; 2 Briefe zwsichen Herbert Berkerath und Max Horkheimer, 10.10.1939, 09.10.1939; 23 Briefe zwischen Wolfgang Hallgarten und Max Horkheimer, 1937-1941; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an die American Philosophic Society Philadelphia, 15.04.1940; 2 Briefe zwischen Betty Drury und Max Horkheimer, 29.02.1940, 20.02.1940; 6 Briefe zwischen Nina Almond und Max Horkheimer, 1939; 1 Brief von Ruth E. Hollander an Max Horkheimer, 08.09.1938; 1 Brief von dem Brooklyn College an Wolfgang Hallgarten, 29.04.1938; 4 briefe zwischen dem Brooklyn College und Max Horkheimer, 18.05.1938, 17.05.1938; 2 Briefe zwischen Robert Maynard Hutchins und Max Horkheimer, 02.11.1937, 28.10.1937; 2 Briefe zwsichen Hardt und Max Horkheimer, 01.10.1943; 4 Briefe zwischen Gertrude Hardt und Max Horkheimer, 1947-1948; 4 Briefe zwischen den Harper & Brothers New York und Max Horkheimer, 24.10.1950, 1950; 1 Brief von Friedrich Pollock an Margot von Mendelssohn, 13.09.1950; 1 Brief von Hartoch an Max Horkheimer, 09.06.1937; 4 Briefe zwischen dem Harvard College Cambridge Massachusetts und Max Horkheimer, 1939-1940; 3 Briefe zwischen Felix Hase und Max Horkheimer, 1936, 13.03.1936; 1 Brief von Freda E. Hecht an Max Horkheimer, 01.03.1947; 1 Brief von Ernest S. Hediger an Max Horkheimer, 02.09.1940; 2 Briefe zwischen Agnes Heilbut und Max Horkheimer, 18.07.1938,; 7 Briefe zwischen Eduard Heimann und Max Horkheimer, 1936-1939; 1 Brief von Fritz Hein an Max Horkheimer, 14.06.1949; 2 Briefe zwischen Walter Heinemann und Max Horkheimer, 15.02.1945, 12.03.1945; 2 Briefe zwischen Philipp Heller und Max Horkheimer, 16.09.1944, 09.10.1944; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Hellmann, 23.03.1939; 4 Briefe zwischen L. E. Hellmann und Max Horkheimer, 1939; 4 Briefe zwischen P. A. Hemerijk und Max Horkheimer, 1936-1937, 03.02.1936; 5 Briefe zwischen Carl G. Hempel und Max Horkheimer, 1939-1941; 1 Lebenslauf von Hans Henning; 1 Brief von Else Henschke an Max Horkheimer, 24.07.1940; 1 Briefe von Isi Hepner an Max Horkheimer, 23.01.1941; 1 Brief von Leo Löwenthal an Isi Hepner, 03.02.1941; 1 Brief von Gertrude E. Herman anMax Horkheimer, 10.12.1949; 1 Brief von Wilhelm G. Hertz an Max Horkheimer, 29.09.1938; 2 Briefe zwischen Wieland Herzfelde und der National City Bank of New York, 28.11.1939, 30.11.1939; 2 Briefe zwischen Karl Hess und Max Horkheimer, 14.08.1935, 25.10.1934; 4 Briefe zwischen Karl Heymann und Max Horkheimer, 1947, 1949; 19 Briefe zwischen Robert Hilb und Max Horkheimer, 1937-1941; 2 Briefe zwischen Joseph Rosenthal und Max Horkheimer, 12.11.1940, 25.10.1940; 2 Briefe zwischen Henry Church und Max Horkheimer, 14.12.1940, 18.12.1940; 1 Brief von Ellen Hilb an Max Horkheimer, 11.03.1938; 1 Brief von Emil Hilb an Max Horkheimer, 15.04.1939; 2 Briefe zwischen Yoshitaro Hirano und Max Horkheimer, 1936, 23.01.1936; 2 Briefe von Max Horkheimer an Hirsch, 1938; 1 Brief von Arnold Hirsch an Max Horkheimer, 14.07.1949; 4 Briefe zwischen Charles Hirsch und Max Horkheimer, 1937, 1938; 2 Briefe von Max Horkheimer an Ernst Hirsch, Oktober 1938; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Julius Hirsch, 24.02.1942;

Gestión del territorio y proceso de construcción de la ciudad : reacciones y posicionamientos ante la redefinición de la normativa urbanística para las áreas centrales de Rosario

El artículo se refiere a la propuesta de la Secretaría de Planeamiento de la Municipalidad de Rosario para el reordenamiento urbanístico del área central y primer anillo perimetral expuesta públicamente en marzo 2007 y al proceso de discusión previo a su elevación al Concejo Municipal para su tratamiento en la ciudad de Rosario. Se trata de dar cuenta acerca de las dificultades encontradas –y los intereses manifestados– para arribar a una propuesta consensuada acerca de la transformación y futuro de la ciudad y del valor otorgado a su patrimonio construido. En el trabajo a presentar se abordará las siguientes cuestiones: situación en el momento en que se formula la propuesta, la propuesta de reordenamiento urbanístico, los mecanismos de discusión, la reacción de los actores, la oposición del mercado inmobiliario (Cámara Argentina de la Construcción, Asociación de empresarios de la Vivienda, Cámara Inmobiliaria, Colegio de Arquitectos), la opinión y participación de los concejales y del mundo académico, las propuestas de los vecinos y la opinión del comité de expertos convocados para la audiencia pública. El trabajo se basa fundamentalmente en el análisis del discurso de los distintos actores en base notas oficiales, comunicados de prensa, apuntes de reuniones, información periodística, presentaciones escritas ante la audiencia pública, documentos de expertos. Para la interpretación de la dinámica del proceso de construcción de tiene en cuenta la documentación municipal respecto de la dinámica de la construcción en la ciudad en los últimos años, la opinión de economistas especializados en el tema y la opinión de agentes inmobiliarios.

La planificación estática-la planificación dinámica : Ausencia de planes de ordenamiento territorial municipal

Mucho ofthe towns of Mendoza have been working for years with a methodology built with traditional zoningand code of permitted uses,not permitted or conditional. With these instrument sexpectthe presentation of private enter prisesto assess whether it complies with these regulationsto authorize the works.These agencies have a plan with zoning and code application shave already considered planning. This form of work, shows clearly the lack of actions to drive urban developmentsin the department, initiatives on the issue only limited to astatic situation, waiting for proposal sand external actions,not being able to see the advantagesand /or contribution saccom panying the Land Use Plan. Une of the important elements to considerin the Plan process, is the incorporation of participatory stage allows, consensus and guidanceto policy makers, community in territorial actions. For this way are designed and constructed public works, to address concerns of the population and in some cases,works that will produce community supportat election time. A look at the performance of Cities hall suchas Granada City Council, Churriana de la Vega and Jun, you can observe that the planning can be done other wise, as articulated action from the same organism. In principle determining zoning and uses of spaceis integral to the Land Use Planand that it further comprises the development proposals,the lines of action and prioritization of programs and projects. These local governants, which manage a municipality, working withdy namic planning councilasit implements the proposed urban development, agricultural, commercial and industrialin its territory and build public work saccording to plan. Since 2009,the province has a Law of Zoningand Land Use demanded Municipal Land Management Plans, but three years after the enactmentof the 18 only has aplan.Thisis due to two reasons:the policy makersdo not understand the multiplicity of elements and facets of a plan covering the other,the plans are perceived as a limitation on their actions , a fact not willing to accept. The dissemination of know ledge and the, new ways toaddress the Land Use Planning and management of conflicts generated by the unprecedented growthwith incompatible usesin these cities that the component swhich will requirel and manager stoimplement aplanning Plans. Tusa dinámica risión Fromm te municipalitos in thais contexto de can tal abur innovación and a newway of governing

Gestión pública y participación ciudadana en el municipio de La Plata

Este trabajo plantea las dificultades y desafíos que representa para el poder político y la sociedad, la implementación de las nuevas tecnologías de gestión territorial que comienzan a desarrollarse a partir de la década del noventa con la Reforma del Estado. El estudio se realiza a través del análisis de dos herramientas básicas que promueve el Plan de Modernización del Estado y a que el Municipio de La Plata convoca a participar: el Presupuesto Participativo y el Plan Estratégico. El análisis de estas experiencias nos permite reconocer, por un lado, hasta qué punto el poder político tiene la firme convicción de ceder espacios de poder a la ciudadanía y, por otro, el nivel de presencia y compromiso que asume la sociedad cuando participa de estos espacios abiertos a todos los actores que, con distintos intereses, forman parte de la construcción de la ciudad. Con el desenlace de ambas experiencias se desaprovecha no sólo la oportunidad de dar comienzo a un cambio más profundo en la gestión municipal, sino también la posibilidad de plasmar en el territorio las demandas que habían surgido a partir de los acuerdos alcanzados por la comunidad. Por último, se plantea la necesidad de contar con una actitud más firme y perseverante por parte de la sociedad, que le permita alcanzar niveles de participación activa en aquellos sectores de gestión en los que se elaboran y ejecutan las políticas públicas que la afectan en forma directa.