837 resultados para Chi-Squared Goodness of Fit Test


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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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A presente pesquisa tem como tema o estudo perceptual da prosódia como elemento de segmentação de narrativas orais espontâneas e visa confirmar, ou não, se a prosódia facilita ao ouvinte leigo e inexperiente perceber a estrutura do texto narrativo. Este estudo investiga se a diferença de tom é um elemento prosódico relevante. A dissertação tem como corpus quatro narrativas espontâneas, as quais fazem parte do corpus analisado por Oliveira Jr.(2000), autor do projeto que inspirou esta pesquisa. Para saber se os participantes são capazes de delimitar a estrutura narrativa, baseando-se apenas no aspecto perceptual, conduziu-se um teste de percepção com 112 voluntários, recrutados na Universidade Federal do Pará e na Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Coube aos participantes a tarefa de indicar os pontos em que o falante teve a intenção de finalizar uma unidade comunicativa nas narrativas. A interpretação sobre unidade comunicativa foi subjetiva. Apresentou-se cada narrativa em quatro condições diferentes, a saber: (i) transcrição sem marca de pontuação e sem paragrafação; (ii) transcrição da narrativa acompanhada de áudio ; (iii) narrativa somente em áudio e (iv) áudio filtrado da narrativa, resultando numa versão deslexicalizada (fala ininteligível), mas com preservação da estrutura prosódica do discurso. Nas duas primeiras condições, a segmentação foi no texto transcrito, com barras transversais (/); nas demais, utilizou-se um programa de computador chamado ELAN. A análise dos dados obtidos baseou-se em tabelas, gráficos, análise estatística (teste do Qui-Quadrado), análise acústica (utilização do Programa PRAAT). Os resultados sinalizam que a prosódia ajuda o ouvinte leigo a perceber a estrutura básica do discurso narrativo. Com relação ao peso do Pitch Reset para auxiliar os ouvintes na demarcação de fronteiras, pode-se dizer que o teste estatístico do Qui-Quadrado encontrou evidências que lhe atribui essa função. Assim, neste contexto, ratifica-se o relevante papel da prosódia para o reconhecimento da estrutura de narrativas orais espontâneas e identifica-se o reflexo do peso da diferença de tom na percepção dos participantes.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This article presents part of a larger study on the use of reference sources to perform bibliographical search by graduate students in Education. Data relating to the use of the scientific journals by these students are presented and discussed. Sixty Education graduate students, 28 Master degree and 32 Doctoral, answered an electronic questionnaire. The students indicated the types of articles usually read and the importance attributed to each one. For each of treated themes in the electronic questionnaire, data are initially presented and analyzed in the set of the 60 participants of the study and then compared between master and doctoral students. Were used the Chi-squared (?2) test, the Fisher exact test and the Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Research reports were more frequently pointed out but less valued in comparison to articles referring to critical review and theoretical essay. Methodological articles, appearing in fourth position according to reading frequency and importance attributed, are more valued by doctoral than master students. The students read these articles using different procedures. The possible reasons for the students valorizing the articles of critical review and theoretical essays are discussed. The present study intends to offer a contribution to understand the use of scientific information by students, describing some graduate students’ habits related to information seeking in scientific journals, and reading of the articles published.

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BACKGROUND: The workplace is affected by poor lifestyle habits that can cause alterations in the quality of life (QOL) of the employees. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of life and the cardiovascular risk factors in employees of a business. Relate the quality of life with the variables of cardiovascular risk, gender and work sector. METHOD: 41 employees were evaluated (30 females and 11 males) aging between 18 and 54 years (mean 27.4 ± 8.9 years). A protocol was used with: personal data, personal background, physical examination (anthropometry) and the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire to evaluate the QOL. Statistical analysis was completed by the Chi-squared test and Sperman’s rank correlation, with a significance of 5%. RESULTS: We found 31(75.6%) sedentary; 16(39.0%) excess weight; 2(4.9%) smokers; 9(22.0%) alcohol consumers and 25(61.0%) family history. We also found 13(31.7%) overweight/low risk and 3(7.3%) obese/moderate risk. The best score on the WHOQOL-bref was on physical health (72.9), and the worst on environment (61.3) and mean score of 69.5 for total QOL. Male employees presented greater scores on all domains, but this association had a non-significant result. There was positive correlation between the physical and psychological domains with the environment and total QOL. CONCLUSION: The employees presented important cardiovascular risk factors like sedentary lifestyle, family history, excess weight and alcohol consumption. The employee’s QOL is considered satisfactory in the perception of health; the best QOL being in the physical domain and the worst in the environment. Change measures are suggested to the company for the cardiovascular risk factors detected.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

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Background There are limited studies on the prevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Objective Identify the prevalence and risk factors for HCV infection in university employees of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods Digital serological tests for anti-HCV have been performed in 3153 volunteers. For the application of digital testing was necessary to withdraw a drop of blood through a needlestick. The positive cases were performed for genotyping and RNA. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used, with P-value <0.05 indicating statistical significance. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were also used. Results Prevalence of anti-HCV was 0.7%. The risk factors associated with HCV infection were: age >40 years, blood transfusion, injectable drugs, inhalable drugs (InDU), injectable Gluconergam®, glass syringes, tattoos, hemodialysis and sexual promiscuity. Age (P=0.01, OR 5.6, CI 1.4 to 22.8), InDU (P<0.0001, OR=96.8, CI 24.1 to 388.2), Gluconergam® (P=0.0009, OR=44.4, CI 4.7 to 412.7) and hemodialysis (P=0.0004, OR=90.1, CI 7.5 – 407.1) were independent predictors. Spatial analysis of the prevalence with socioeconomic indices, Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index by the geoprocessing technique showed no positive correlation. Conclusions The prevalence of HCV infection was 0.7%. The independent risk factors for HCV infection were age, InDU, Gluconergan® and hemodialysis. There was no spatial correlation of HCV prevalence with local economic factors.