Ayuda financiera a los estudiantes en los países europeos.

En algunos países como Francia, Alemania y los países escandinavos, la enseñanza universitaria es gratuita, por lo que la ayuda financiera se orienta a ayudar a los alumnos a sufragar sus gastos de subsistencia; en otros como Reino Unido, Holanda e Irlanda, existen derechos de matrícula, por lo que la ayuda puede estar orientada a posibilitar el pago de los mismos. Sin embargo, en la mayor parte de los países europeos las universidades reciben importantes subvenciones estatales, por lo que el importe de las matriculas no cubre la totalidad de los gastos de la educación en ningún país. Los Estados facilitan ayuda económica a los alumnos por varias razones de índole económica, social y política. El objetivo básico de todos los planes de ayuda estudiantil es el de evitar que los futuros alumnos se vean impedidos de continuar su educación por falta de recursos; pero mientras que en algunos países la igualdad de oportunidades es el objetivo esencial de la ayuda , en otros se tiene más en cuenta las necesidades del mercado de trabajo. en los distintos países europeos, las políticas de ayuda a los alumnos pueden ir encaminadas a alcanzar alguno de los siguientes objetivos o todos ellos: permitir que los alumnos aptos continúen su educación más allá de la etapa obligatoria sin tener problemas económicos; garantizar el acceso a la enseñanza superior de una masa de alumnos suficientes para satisfacer las necesidades del país; promover un mayor grado de igualdad de oportunidades entre los alumnos de diferentes estratos sociales o niveles de renta; aumentar el grado de participación en la enseñanza superior de las minorías; reducir la desigualdad de acceso a la enseñanza superior entre los diferentes grupos sociales: hombres y mujeres, hijos de clase trabajadora y de la clase media; mejorar la eficacia del sistema educativo y permitir que los alumnos aprovechen más su tiempo al reducir la frecuencia del trabajo a media jornada entre los mismos; fomentar la independencia económica de los alumnos, fomentar la libertad de elección de los estudiantes en cuanto a la elección de la clase de estudios y su duración; alentar a los estudiantes a que elijan determinadas carreras (por ejemplo, ciencias o medicina), etcétera. En definitiva, teniendo en cuenta la diversidad de objetivos, es lógico que la naturaleza o la clase de la ayuda prestada difiera de un país a otro. Es muy posible que en los próximos años prosiga ininterrumpidamente en toda Europa la investigación y análisis de las consecuencias de los distintos métodos de financiación, así como la búsqueda de sistemas de ayuda a los alumnos que satisfagan los muchos y diversos y conflictivos objetivos de la política oficial en esta materia.

Diferencias de género en el perfil de estilos y del uso de estrategias cognitivas de aprendizaje de estudiantes de Farmacología.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Perfil de estilos de aprendizaje y estrategias pedagógicas en estudiantes de farmacología.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Evaluación de la relación entre la formación de los alumnos de Física que acceden a la Universidad y la enseñanza en el primer curso universitario.

Evaluar la formación inicial en Física del alumnado que accede al primer año de universidad en diferentes carreras universitarias. Examinar la adecuación entre la formación que el profesorado de primero de universidad supone al alumnado y la situación real de éste. Alumnado de primer curso de las licenciaturas en Ciencias Químicas, Ciencias Biológicas, Medicina y EIT Telecomunicaciones de la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, de ETSI Industriales de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad de Burgos. Profesorado docente de primer curso de los departamentos de Física de la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares y de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Se confecciona y aplica una prueba para medir objetivos del aprendizaje clasificables en cuatro apartados: conocimientos de Física, conocimientos de Matemáticas, comprensión y aplicación y destrezas. Se elabora y aplica un cuestionario al profesorado, consistente en una selección de doce preguntas del aplicado al alumnado, y se le solicita que puntúe la importancia de los conocimientos o destrezas de las preguntas para seguir con éxito la asignatura de Física en el primer año de carrera. Se solicita al profesorado la estimación del porcentaje de alumnos-as capaces de responder correctamente a las preguntas el primer día de clase. Se realiza un análisis de las pruebas de Selectividad del Distrito Universitario de Madrid durante los años 1992, 1993 y 1994. Se observa que la formación previa del alumnado en Física, medida por las asignaturas cursadas antes de la universidad, es apropiada en un alto porcentaje. El alumnado parece acomodar el grado de satisfacción con sus propios conocimientos a las expectativas de exigencia en la universidad. Se obsevan diferencias en función del sexo, siendo menores las puntuaciones obtenidas por las chicas. Se observa la existencia de carencias importantes en algunos conocimientos de Matemáticas necesarios para el estudio de la Física y problemas de comprensión del lenguaje matemático de la Física. Las mayores dificultades observadas en el alumnado se refieren al uso de destrezas que exigen rigor y atención y al trabajo experimental. El profesorado muestra unas expectativas por encima de la realidad de la formación inicial del alumnado. Se afirma que las pruebas de Selectividad examinan sólo parte de los objetivos de formación inicial en Física considerados importantes por el profesorado del primer curso universitario.

Demanda de Educación Superior y rendimiento académico en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.

Análisis, descripción, comprensión y explicación de los procesos de selección Universitaria, centrándose especialmente en el abandono de los estudios. Alumnos matriculados en 1984-85 en primero en la UAM. Se excluyen repetidores y extranjeros. El n= 3655 alumnos de las distintas Facultades y Secciones. Modelo de selección que incluye 4 factores: dificultad objetiva de las carreras, características del alumnado, inserción profesional y limitación de la oferta de plazas. Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los mismos para explicar el fenómeno de la deserción Universitaria. Variables: rendimiento académico, regularidad académica, factores de la oferta y la demanda de Educación, características personales y familiares, trayectoria académica anterior, aspiraciones y expectativas académicas y profesionales del alumnado, condiciones de la realización de los estudios, valoración de las carreras y sus salidas profesionales y variables relacionadas con la deserción Universitaria. Impreso de inscripción de matrícula. Encuestas. Expedientes académicos. Análisis cuantitativos: distribuciones de frecuencias, tablas de contingencia y análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Análisis cualitativos: análisis de contenido. Los alumnos jóvenes, con buenos expedientes en Secundaria y con dedicación exclusiva al estudio son más frecuentes en Ciencias y Medicina. La valoración por los estudiantes de las posibilidades de empleo, prestigio e ingresos futuros es más positiva, como media, en Derecho y Medicina. El porcentaje de alumnos rechazados de otras opciones académicas es muy alto en Ciencias y Psicología, menor en Letras y prácticamente inexistente en Derecho. La influencia en el rendimiento de las variables personales y familiares es escasa, las escolares, por el contrario, predicen el éxito o el fracaso. Existe relación directa: entre las tasas de abandono y fracaso y la dificultad de las carreras, y entre el porcentaje de alumnos rechazados y el de abandono y repetición. Existe relación inversa: entre el grado de selección a la entrada a la Facultad y la tasa de fracaso académico, y entre las posibilidades de empleo y las tasas de fracaso. La deserción Universitaria es cuantitativamente diferente según las carreras porque las tasas de abandono son menores en aquellas con clara inserción profesional, y cualitativamente porque no son las mismas causas las que conducen a la deserción en diferentes disciplinas. No es posible abordar el estudio de la deserción Universitaria globalmente, ya que la Universidad no es un ente homogéneo. Las carreras son muy diferentes en las formas de acceso y selección, en los públicos que las frecuentan, en la dificultad que imponen los Centros y en las posibilidades de integración en el mundo laboral. Es necesario estudiar aisladamente cada tipo de estudios, debido a la complejidad del tema es insuficiente la utilización de un modelo único como marco de interpretación.

Informe sobre los resultados obtenidos en el estudio sociológico de la Universidad de Granada.

Estudio, con los datos ya existentes, de la evolución de la Universidad de Granada en los últimos 20 años y en especial en la última decada, a la vez que efectuar una proyección de esos datos, utilizando métodos estadísticos fiables, con vistas a los años 1975 y 1980. Datos correspondientes a alumnos de la Universidad de Granada, obtenidos principalmente de las secretarías de facultad. Para realizar este estudio, en primer lugar, se describe el entorno cultural y la estructura social de la región andaluza. Seguidamente se trata de acopiar datos referentes a alumnos, calculando el incremento habido desde 1950-1960, para prever su incremento por facultades y el total de esta universidad desde 1975-80. Igualmente, se calcula el número total de profesores que existen en 1968-69 en cada facultad y en total, y teniendo en cuenta el número de alumnos se que preven para 1975 se establecen, en base a las normas pedagógicas actuales (un profesor por cada 15 o 20), las cantidades que en dicho año tendrán que existir en los distintos escalafones del profesorado considerando globalmente. También se consideran las modificaciones del índice de participación femenina en Enseñanza Media y Superior. Fichas de matrículas: secretarías de facultad. Estudio socioeconómico de Andalucía. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico. Datos estadísticos del INE. Bibliografía. Se preve fuerte incremento de estudiantes universitarios e insuficientes medios para asimilarlo. Las facultades que más incremento tendrán serían Filosofía y Letras, Ciencias y Medicina. La Universidad de Granada para mantener la proporción mínima aceptable según normas pedagógicas convenientes, tendrá que pasar de 472 profesores en 1969 a 898 en el año 1975. La fuerte y mayor demanda de profesores la encontramos en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, andando próxima la Facultad de Medicina. Aumento progresivo del número absoluto del número de mujeres matriculadas en el período 1958-59 hasta 1969-70. El aumento se aprecia más en las carreras de Medicina y Derecho, mientras que en las facultades tradicionalmente femeninas como Farmacia y Filosofía y Letras, las fluctuaciones son mayores y no siempre en sentido positivo, como es el caso de Filosofía, en la que ha habido un descenso considerable. El crecimiento de la universidad trae cambios sustanciales de orden cualitativo que habrá que prever. La experiencia nos enseña que la universidad cambia no sólo en cuanto a la composición social de los alumnos, sino también en cuanto a la misma consideración de la clase de enseñanza que se ha de impartir y su utilidad posterior. Será necesario analizar en un futuro próximo las modificaciones de la estructura socio-económica de Andalucía, las características de su población estudiantil y su influjo en ella. Otro aspecto a considerar es el impacto económico de la universidad en la región y llevar a cabo un estudio sobre el alumnado y sus actitudes.

A survey of dairy effluent management in the south of Chile

A survey was carried out on 55 commercial dairy farms located in the South of Chile during 1995-97. A questionnaire was developed to obtain informed estimates of dairy effluent management on those farms. Information was analysed on an annual basis using a computer spreadsheet linking all the parameters surveyed. In addition, slurry samples were taken for analysis of dry matter content (DM). Herd size varied between 50 and 800 cows per farm. A large proportion of the total volume of effluents produced came from rainfall (46%), dirty water accounted for 29% with only 25% from cow's faeces and urine. The large volume of effluents produced resulted in a reduced storage capacity (on average of 2 months) or more frequent and higher application rates to the field. Only 37% of the farmers knew the application rates of manure and there was a wide range in the quantity used per year (12 m(3)/ha to 300 m(3)/ha). Dairy effluents were applied mainly on grass (71%) throughout the year but, mostly concentrated during the winter and spring time using only surface irrigation system. The total solids contents of effluents was very low, with 62% of the samples being <4% DM. This reflected the large volumes of clean water that the storage tanks received. The information collected has identified problems in effluent management in Chilean dairy farms where research and technology transfer will be necessary to avoid pollution problems.

Gestão da cadeia de suprimento e vantagem competitiva: uma análise em setores industriais a partir da visão relacional

This work has as its main purpose to investigate the contribution of supply chain management in order to obtain competitive advantage by companies from the textile industry and from Ceará footwear industry, focusing its analysis mainly in the interorganizational relations (dyadic). For this, the theoretical referential contemplates different explanatory streams of the competitive advantage, detaching the relational perception of the resources theory, as well as, the main presuppositions of the supply chain management which culminates with the development of an analysis sample that runs the empirical study; the one which considers an expanded purpose of the supply chain which includes the government and the abetment institutions as institutional environment representatives. Besides supply chain management consideration as a competitive advantage source, the work also tried to identify other possible competitive advantage sources for the companies of the investigated sectors. It represents a study of multiple interpretive cases, having four cases as a total; meaning two cases in each one of the sectors, which used as a primary data collecting instrument a semi-structured interview schedule. Different methods were used for the data analysis, the content analysis and the constant comparison methods, the analytical procedure originated from the grounded theory research strategy, which were applied the Atlas/ti software recourse. Considering the theoretical referential and the used analysis sample, four basic categories of the work were defined, including its respective proprieties and dimensions: (1) characteristics concerning to the relationship with the supplier; (2) the company relations with the government; (3) the company relations with the abetment institutions and; (4) obtaining sources of competitive advantage. In general, the applied research in the footwear sector revealed that in the relationships of the researched companies related to its suppliers, there is a predominance of the partnership system and the main presuppositions of the supply chain management are applied which contributes for the acquisition of the relational competitive advantage; while in the textile sector, only some of these presuppositions are applied, with little contribution for the relational competitive advantage. The main resource which was accessed by the companies in both sectors through its relationships with the government and the abetment institutions are the tax incentives which, for the footwear companies, contribute for the acquisition of the temporary competitive advantage in relation to the contestants who do not own productive installations in the Northeast region, it also conducts to a competitive parity situation in relation to the contestants who own productive installations in the Northeast region and to the external market contestants; while for the companies of the textile sector, the tax incentives run the companies to a competitive parity situation in relation to its contestants. Furthermore, the investigated companies from the two sectors possess acquisition sources of the competitive advantage which collimate with different explanatory streams (industrial analysis, resources theory, Austrian school and the dynamic capabilities theory), although there is a predominance of the product innovation as a competitive advantage source in both sectors, due to the bond of these with the fashion tendencies

Modelo institucional do processo de estruturação de empresas de desenvolvimento de software: um estudo de múltiplos casos

Some authors have shown the need of understanding the technological structuring process in contemporary firms. From this perspective, the software industry is a very important element because it provides products and services directly to many organizations from many fields. In this case, the Brazilian software industry has some peculiarities that distinguish it from other industries located in developed countries, which makes its understanding even more relevant. There is evidence that local firms take different strategies and structural configurations to enter into a market naturally dominated by large multinational firms. Therefore, this study aims to understand not only the structural configurations assumed by domestic firms but also the dynamic and the process that lead to these different configurations. To do so, this PhD dissertation investigates the institutional environment, its entities and the isomorphic movements, by employing an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory multiple cases study. Eight software development companies from the Recife's information technology Cluster were visited. Also, a form was applied and an interview with one of the main firm s professional was conducted. Although the study is predominantly qualitative, part of the data was analyzed through charts and graphs, providing a companies and environment overview that was very useful to analysis done through the interviews interpretation. As a result, it was realized that companies are structured around hybrids business models from two ideal types of software development companies, which are: software factory and technology-based company. Regarding the development process, it was found that there is a balanced distribution between the traditional and agile development paradigm. Among the traditional methodologies, the Rational Unified Process (RUP) is predominant. The Scrum is the most used methodology among the organizations based on the Agile Manifesto's principles. Regarding the structuring process, each institutional entity acts in such way that generates different isomorphic pressure. Emphasis was given to entities such as customers, research agencies, clusters, market-leading businesses, public universities, incubators, software industry organizations, technology vendors, development tool suppliers and manager s school and background because they relate themselves in a close way with the software firms. About this relationship, a dual and bilateral influence was found. Finally, the structuring level of the organizational field has been also identified as low, which gives a chance to organizational actors of acting independently

Gestão Social em Empreendimentos Econômicos Solidários: uma abordagem no Oeste Potiguar

The central research question was to search for data to ratify the theory and discourse of the so-called practitioners of economic solidarity, by defending the substantive rationality should guide the principles of economic solidary, designing the space economy incidental and not the primacy of relations in determining social as well, reflecting the predominance of dimensions of social management in administrative practices of ESS's. For both analyzed the theoretical dimensions of social management - sociopolitical, economic, organizational and environmental - manifested in organizational practices supportive of economic organization Potiguar West. For the success of the research realized the triangulation involving a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches. At first the research will use a quantitative approach, from the cluster analysis, to verify the behavior of the sample chosen for this study. In the second stage of the qualitative study was carried out focus group technique (FLICK, 2002) for further analysis of the dimensions of social management on organizational practices supportive of economic organization, related to the principles of Solidary Economy, established in a quantitative approach. In quantitative analysis, the socio-political dimension, it was clear that the more equity instruments of internal and external, from the purposeful living in public spaces, the best monetary results. Another point worth stressing concerns the economic dimension, with the practice reciprocity prevailing in market. Thus, the qualitative approach was possible to understand the processes of exchange of product or service. Rural enterprises surveyed in the allocation of the agro-ecological products have the following scale of priority, sequentially: self-consumption (domestic), market and exchange. The research leads to the fact that training and practices that enhance the socio-political dimension (knowledge, empowerment, sense of belonging) become the guiding principle for the strengthening of the social management in the context of other dimensions, leading to gains sociopolitical, economic, organizational and environmental. Despite the weaknesses found in the organizational dimension and environment, both in a quantitative as in qualitative, we determined that the practices of ESS's Potiguar West incorporate predominantly elements of social management and economic solidarity, with a preponderance of substantive rationality in the primacy of the instrumental. Finally, research has brought information that the participants of the ESS's do not give the money economy primacy in determining social relations, which in turn leads to the confirmation that, in practice the solidarity economy, prevailing the dominance of substantive rationality, as a guide for organizational practices

A confiança interorganizacional nas compras

This research is part of the field of organizational studies, focusing on organizational purchase behavior and, specifically, trust interorganizational at the purchases. This topic is current and relevant by addressing the development of good relations between buyer-supplier that increases the exchange of information, increases the length of relationship, reduces the hierarchical controls and improves performance. Furthermore, although there is a vast literature on trust, the scientific work that deal specifically at the trust interorganizational still need further research to synthesize and validate the variables that generate this phenomenon. In this sense, this investigation is to explain the antecedents of trust interorganizational by the relationship between the variable operational performance, organizational characteristics, shared values and interpersonal relationships on purchases by manufacturing industries, in order to develop a robust literature, most consensual, that includes the current sociological and economic, considering the effect of interpersonal relationships in this phenomenon. This proposal is configured in a new vision of the antecedents of interorganizational trust, described as significant quantitative from models Morgan and Hunt (1994), Doney and Cannon (1997), Zhao and Cavusgil (2006) and Nyaga, Whipple, Lynch (2011), as well as qualitative analysis of Tacconi et al. (2011). With regard to methodological aspects, the study assumes the form of a descriptive, survey type, and causal trace theoretical and empirical. As for his nature, the investigation, explicative character, has developed a quantitative approach with the use of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling SEM, with the use of IBM software SPSS Amos 18.0, using the method of maximum verisimilitude, and supported by technical bootstraping. The unit of analysis was the buyer-supplier relationship, in which the object under investigation was the supplier organization in view of the purchasing company. 237 valid questionnaires were collected among key informants, using a simple random sampling developed in manufacturing industries (SIC 10-33), located in the city of Natal and in the region of Natal. The first results of descriptive analysis demonstrate the phenomenon of interorganizational trust, in which purchasing firms believe, feel secure about the supplier. This demonstration showed high levels of intensity, predominantly among the vendors that supply the company with materials that are used directly in the production process. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, performed on each variable alone, generated a set of observable and unobservable variables more consistent, giving rise to a model, that needed to be further specified. This again specify model consists of trajectories was positive, with a good fit, with a composite reliability and variance extracted satisfactory, and demonstrates convergent and discriminant validity, in which the factor loadings are significant and strong explanatory power. Given the findings that reinforce the model again specify data, suggesting a high probability that this model may be more suited for the study population, the results support the explanation that interorganizational trust depends on purchases directly from interpersonal relationships, sharing value and operating performance and indirectly of personal relationships, social networks, organizational characteristics, physical and relational aspect of performance. It is concluded that this trust can be explained by a set of interactions between these three determinants, where the focus is on interpersonal relationships, with the largest path coefficient for the factor under study

Cooperação e competição entre políticas no Brasil: os cursos da governabilidade no presidencialismo da catalização

Public policies have been studied in the various fields of humanities and social sciences, from different theoretical and technical aspects. However, there is still a lack of studies that incorporate the dimension that encompasses the political action and its interference in such actions, also recognizing the importance of the institutional setting of the Brazilian presidential model in implementing these policies. This fragmented and multiparty system has led to power heterogeneous sets of political parties. Thus, the ministerial offices, more than assisting the President´s government project, manage particularized agendas, which are party biased and have the influence of interest groups in hegemonic themes addressed by government agencies. When these agendas operate in sectoral and specialized policies, the friction level is apparently low. However, when this occurs in intersectoral actions, such as in regional development, there is evidence of strong signs of competition among government agencies, which in theory, should operate in an integrated manner. Although this is not a specific feature of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva´s government- the period to be studied- there was similar behavior in Fernando Henrique Cardoso´s presidency, one realizes that the expansion of coalition on behalf of governance is increasingly interfering in the outcome of intersectoral public policies, due to these multiple arguments in action. In order to understand these processes, this study focused on the Sustainable and Integrated Development Programme for Differentiated Meso-Regions (PROMESO), part of the National Policy for Regional Development (NPRD). The program provides interface with various government agencies and their public policies in a clear intersectoral design. The research sought to identify and analyze the relationships between government agencies and their programs with interest groups, whether political parties or other segments of civil society, highlighting the logic of favoritism, which poses in second place the integration of actions in the intersectoral policies. Therefore, besides the theoretical debate that incorporates several categories of political science, public administration, public policy, geography and economics, the study focused on secondary sources, using different government agencies databases in order to raise information. It was observed that the interference of partisan politics has been disastrous for some public policies. Thus, the research confirms that cooperative character is fragile within government agencies, often limited to official documents, and that there is indeed, a striking feature of competition, especially when it comes to transversalized policies

Sustentabilidade das empresas associadas à REDEPETRO-RN

The present study investigated the management of social, environmental and economic sustainability practices employed by 72 oil companies in Rio Grande do Norte state in Brazil associated to Joint Business Network for Enhancing the Competitive Ability of Suppliers of Goods and Services to the Gas and Oil Industry in Rio Grande do Norte (REDEPETRO-RN). Thus, our investigation aimed to determine the extent to which sustainability practices of companies associated to REDEPETRO-RN are developed through their own efforts or influenced by the Triple Helix interorganizational arrangement (governamental organizations, education and research institutions, and industries). The research instrument used was a questionnaire in order to map and characterize the sustainability practices. The research subjects were business owners and managers. The data collected supported the descriptive, correspondence and correlation analyzes. Were identified a greater emphasis of the companies surveyed in developing sustainability practices and greater economic influence of business organizations in the construction of sustainability status. It was concluded with confirmation of thesis of the REDEPETRO-RN arrangement exhibits the characteristics and functioning of a common Interorganizational Cooperative Arrangement, not those of a triple helix interorganizational arrangement, given that the influences exerted for the development of social, environmental and economical sustainability on the part of teaching and research institutions, and government and business organizations do not interact with one another sufficiently to create a virtuous circle of cooperation among the associated companies. By contrast, the Interorganizational Cooperative Arrangement plays an important role in strengthening the competitiveness of companies affiliated to REDEPETRO-RN, by combining different competencies in an attempt at supporting the adoption of sustainability practices, a role reinforced by the scope of PETROBRAS, which, due to its economic importance, has considerable weight in the managerial decisions of associated companies

Ética na pesquisa em Administração

Ethics on scientific research is approached and often discussed in several areas of knowledge connected to health. In the Administration area there are very few studies which approach the topic of ethics on research. The present paper tried to fill in this gap in the production of knowledge about the topic, investigating how the ethical principles found in the literature and in the codes of conduct are noticed and taken into account in Administration research activities developed by acting researchers in Administration Post Graduation Programs. Theoretically speaking, the study was based mainly on the approaches by Creswell (2007) and Bell and Bryman (2007), which discuss the research ethical principles. Methodologically speaking it was all about an exploratory kind of study, with qualitative research approach. Upon data collection, personal interviews were made aiming at its depth and focus groups were formed. The first stage had interviews with four experienced researchers who took part on a teaching and researching event and on the second stage we used the focus group technique. The focus groups were done in four college institutions along with the post graduation programs in Administration in the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba and Pernambuco, in Brazil. The results suggest the existence of general principles and parameters for the scientific research recommended in the literature and on official resolution. However, in the Administration area, there are only a few recommendations of good practices when it comes to submitting articles for scientific publications but we found no guidance with ethical principles and parameters which cover all the activities in the scientific research and which specifically meet the research particularities in Administration. The main ethical dilemma pointed by the researchers refers to ethical questions which arise at the time of data collection and on disclosing the results. Most researchers do not know the guidelines and the ethical norms on ethics about research that we have in our country neither do they send in their projects to the research ethics committee. When dilemma arises, they decide the ethical question based on their values and common sense. These elements confirm the thesis that the researcher s procedure in the research activities in Administration is predominantly signed by personal values or by common sense and less by ethical principles, whether by not knowing the normative instruments related to ethics or by disagreeing with any disciplining rules on ethical behavior in the research

Motivação no trabalho voluntário: expectativas e motivos na Pastoral da Criança

The present study has proposed a structural model to identify the reasons why individuals become voluntary, keep and exit this type of work. The empirical space was the Pastoral da Criança - social action agency of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil (CNBB) - community-based institution that has its work based on solidarity and the sharing of knowledge. The theoretical framework has the context in which are volunteering studies in Brazilian and world level. Then discuss the various concepts of volunteering and presented the theoretical models of volunteer motivation. Studies of Mostyn (1983) and studies conducted by the BEPEGE-Base for Studies and Research in Management Policies and Strategies - in their line of research GERQUAL - Human Resource Management and Organizational Quality - of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte as Carvalho e Souza(2006), Souza, Medeiros e Fernandes (2006), Souza et al (2009, 2010), Cavalcante et al (2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2011d) were the main theoretical references for the construction of the model that was tested. Data collection was done through a survey with 71 indicators, in 2 visits to cities from the Diocese of Pesqueira, Pernambuco. The first data collection occurred in the period between May 30 and June 3, 2011, in Buique/PE and the second collection happened in Pesqueira/PE, in St. Joseph Seminary, in the period between July 6-8, 2011. 720 questionnaires were collected. The sample was divided into two parts. Exploratory Factor Analysis was applied in first part and Confirmatory Factor Analysis - structural equation modeling - in the second half. The examination of the results achieved by the expectations, reasons for entry, reasons for staying and exit reasons showed that all hypotheses were accepted. So the motivation of voluntary Pastoral da Criança can be explained by a set of interactions between these five constructs: Altruistic, Affectionate, Amiable, Adjusted and Astute