“Acham que brotamos das fontes dessa cidade?”: uma etnografia sobre o cotidiano de sobrevivência de pessoas em situação de rua em Nata/RN

Through participant observation, held in the administrative region east of Natal / RN, this research aimed to understand about the daily life of men and women living on the streets in the city. How they relate to the space where they live? In this relationship, which uses and survival strategies triggered by this social segment? These were some of the questions that guided this research, in order to highlight the specificities of this way of life and the possible consequences that such a situation could reverberate. In this sense, there was an effort to keep up with people on the streets, their itineraries and seize their narratives. Along the search path - which took place intermittently between the years 2011-2015 - attended spaces of occupation and traffic of this population group in the street, as well as insert me and got involved in events, forums, seminars, meetings and subject of joints on the streets as a political movement (MNPR / RN). They are considered in this study as people on the street to those who occupy the street as their main space of survival and ordering of daily life: in the streets sleep, feed themselves, meet the physiological and hygienic needs, and is where draw sustenance. The street is taken in this research in its broadest sense, including all possible places relatively protected from the cold, rain and exposure to violence, thus includes both open and public spaces: as squares and parks; but also closed and private places: hostels, abandoned warehouses, prisons, etc. It was observed that in none of these spaces guys on the street are established in a fixed manner, in contrast, they experience the roaming, which in part is due to urban systems - which tends to stigmatize them and delete them places - and the very need to survive, because while living in the street differentiated practices are triggered, and these differ from the dominant mode of sedentary life.

“Acham que brotamos das fontes dessa cidade?”: uma etnografia sobre o cotidiano de sobrevivência de pessoas em situação de rua em Nata/RN

Through participant observation, held in the administrative region east of Natal / RN, this research aimed to understand about the daily life of men and women living on the streets in the city. How they relate to the space where they live? In this relationship, which uses and survival strategies triggered by this social segment? These were some of the questions that guided this research, in order to highlight the specificities of this way of life and the possible consequences that such a situation could reverberate. In this sense, there was an effort to keep up with people on the streets, their itineraries and seize their narratives. Along the search path - which took place intermittently between the years 2011-2015 - attended spaces of occupation and traffic of this population group in the street, as well as insert me and got involved in events, forums, seminars, meetings and subject of joints on the streets as a political movement (MNPR / RN). They are considered in this study as people on the street to those who occupy the street as their main space of survival and ordering of daily life: in the streets sleep, feed themselves, meet the physiological and hygienic needs, and is where draw sustenance. The street is taken in this research in its broadest sense, including all possible places relatively protected from the cold, rain and exposure to violence, thus includes both open and public spaces: as squares and parks; but also closed and private places: hostels, abandoned warehouses, prisons, etc. It was observed that in none of these spaces guys on the street are established in a fixed manner, in contrast, they experience the roaming, which in part is due to urban systems - which tends to stigmatize them and delete them places - and the very need to survive, because while living in the street differentiated practices are triggered, and these differ from the dominant mode of sedentary life.

O olhar das instituições de previdência sobre a casa e a cidade: promoção, financiamento e avaliação de imóveis

The investments of Caixas and Institutos de Aposentadoria e Pensões (CAP and IAP) in homes of Natal, between the decades of 1930-60, helped to boost up the local real estate market in consolidation at the time. Inserted in the first national policy on social housing in the country, these operations have demanded the creation of a wide qualified organizational structure, which would be from the "Central Offices" of Rio de Janeiro to the decentralized units of the federal states. The professionals linked to the Local Agencies have developed, on this matter, from activities related to the design and construction of residential complexes, to the daily study of financing proposals in isolated units. As from these studies, the evaluation of shelters was essential to the effectiveness of the policy, resulting in the production of data on the market value of the properties by observing and issuing judgments upon the living quarters of different social groups. Given these considerations, the aim here is to contribute to the understanding on how to operate these real estate actions in the legitimization of boundaries about the urban space and dwellings available to workers in Natal. Therefore, the views of the city and constructions expressed by the evaluating engineers in their technical reports have been taken as the focus. Being the main primary sources of work, these reports are part of the edifices process of CAP/IAP regarding Natal, whose content is systematized in the database "Enterprises", the HCUrb Research Group. In addition, there were used local newspapers at the time and interviews with professionals as complementary sources. It was found that, in general, the evaluations have configured – in a more everyday dimension of bureaucratic routines - a vehicle, among others, circulating ideas about "home" within the social security institutions, being imbued with assumptions historically constructed about the "modern habitat". Filled in loco, the reports expose the clash between modernizing ideals in vogue and clear limitations in the city scenario at the time. Fragmented images of the town are given to read through the labels assigned to the evaluated sites – these being coated of certain "scientific" character - which both legitimated and contributed to the dynamics of appreciation/depreciation of the soil and to the socio-spatial differentiation. Contradictions were evident in the endorsement given by the technicians when financing of admittedly precarious homes for insured disadvantaged categories at the local level - such as industrial workers - while strict regulations were imposed to new construction, designed, above all, to better paid categories. By identifying raters engineers as urban agents, members of a technical-focused operating system for safety and efficiency in the real estate investments of those authorities corporatist, it is desired the usefulness of further studies on these characters, their training, professional activity and participation in the construction of discourses and practices of intervention about the city and its buildings, discussing individual and grouped interests that were left behind.

Quem é o doente? Um estudo sobre as vivências dos acompanhantes de pacientes adultos em hospital público no Rio Grande do Norte

The aim of this research is to reveal how caregivers have lived the experiences from adult patients admitted in a Rio Grande do Norte’s state hospital. This is a study where the use of the participant observation, associated with the use of interviews and informal conversations handled categories such as the mismatch between the prerogatives of Brazilian Health Care Policies (HumanizaSUS) and practices performed in hospitals, the relationships established between the caregivers and the other subjects of the research field, family relationships, permanence of women as caregivers, therapeutic itineraries, dramas, religiosity and secrets. To sew up it appears the role of a caregiver is more than emotional support or help, it is a complex act in several directions.

Trajetórias construídas em caminhos (não) planejados: os sentidos formativos da escrita no estágio supervisionado obrigatório do curso de Pedagogia da UFMA

This research is taking as study aim the mediatory teaching action, its involvement with educational guidance reports of Supervised Obligatory Student Teaching in curriculum managing by formal teachers is more related to the form as each one understands the mediatory action of the pedagogy teaching activities than to the adherence of a common project, that is: the Course Pedagogy Project (CPP). Thus, our aim is meant to understand the attribution from the formal teachers to curriculum managing process, having as forms its action in the supervised obligatory student teaching at UFMA Pedagogy Course. On one side, we look for traces about established relation by them between their professional experience and their report guidance in current course. On the other hand, a research concern comes up to us on the forming meaning of the report writing by UFMA Pedagogy Teachers Course. In order to do that, we used interviews interpreted by means of methodology understanding interview. Starting from oral speeches, we understand that the managing formation in this course is linked to postures not identical and adjustable to conditions the teachers have access. We identify a curriculum subject group and a group that by their conformation adapted is considered as object group of curriculum practices. As for the mediatory action in writing formation process, we noticed that they contribute to teacher information at UFMA in the reflexive critic perspective and or in the bureaucratic reproduction perspective. The report writing at the end of the Supervised Obligatory internship is characteristic of quality quantity assessment display, as bureaucratic process and as reflexive display and didactic pedagogy activity intervention. We defend that the teachers´ guidance under critical reflections, where the writing has a social role, must overcome individual dimension, they must be debated as collective and organized practices. We hope to contribute with such a research on teacher mediatory actions and their implementing with help of reporting writing guidance in the Supervised Obligatory Student Teaching in the Curriculum Teacher managing process.

Teachers' cultural values and accountability in Nigeria

This study investigates teacher‟s cultural values and accountability in Nigeria. A questionnaire developed by Professor Rosenblatt (University of Haifa, Israel) was used to gather quantitative data from 483 secondary teachers across Oyo, Osun, Ogun, and Lagos States in Southwest Nigeria. Data collected were analyzed using percentages, descriptive statistics, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings show that Nigerian teachers have high dispositions towards both bureaucratic (external) and internal (professional) accountability and their scores for internal accountability (M= 4.4286; SD= 0.5726) were higher than their scores for external accountability (M= 3.9759; SD = 0.5575). Geographical locations made a significant difference in the scores. Teachers from urban and suburban areas demonstrate higher scores than teachers from the rural in both bureaucratic (external) and internal (professional) accountability

A concepção de trabalho escolar a partir de Maurício Tragtenberg: fios e tramas de debate na (des)politização dos sujeitos sociais

This thesis, part of the research line "Work, Society and Education" analyzes, in a dialectical perspective, in the light of Tragtenberg´s studies, the conception of subject of schoolwork, considering the organization and the complexity of this context and inviting the investigative gaze. Our hypothesis is that the workers of education have, in the schoolwork, a fragile politicization field and overcoming the installed model, accepting themselves as executers with self-organizing difficulties, distanced from the effective participation, autonomy and self-management. We consider studies on the logic of the work, believing that the understanding of schoolwork is constitute into the current societal model, in whom its bureaucratic and hierarchical matrix, linked to articulated / articulators of the dominant socio-economic class interests. Scholars such as Braverman, Frigotto and Tragtenberg, among others, are important contributions to this reflection. We have analyzed the logic of the work also in dialogue with pedagogies differentiated, among them, the Libertarian defended by Tragtenberg, aiming to understand the conceptions and practices of the subjects involved. We accomplished a bibliographical critical analysis, in a dialectical character, focusing on the categories: work, schoolwork, control, autonomy and self-management, in order to understand the complexity of the praxis in study, dialoguing with the pillars categories historicity, contradiction and totality, which transversalize the developed analysis. The consideration of these concepts allows us to uncover the dominant bureaucratic structure and its possible overcoming fields. We believe contribute to problematizing and proposers studies, reflections and discussions, strengthening debates, deconstructing naturalizations and contributing to the political process of the subjects.

Home: the foundations of belonging

To be at home means to be embedded in a dense pattern of relationships to people and place which gives rise to an inherently meaningful experience of the world. This order is neither abstract nor imposed from without, but crystallises from the shared experience of people inhabiting a concrete location. Home involves the localisation of meaning in a concrete setting and in the activities of everyday life, and this embodies an ongoing process of ‘cosmicisation’ which is vital for both social life and individual well-being. Home is not a fixed structure, static and frozen, which shuts out the external world; it is a dynamic centre which draws in experience and gives it meaning. It is a constellation of significance rather than a singular and unitary essence. It is produced by localising processes, which work to concentrate and stabilise value around a secure centre. The elaboration of seven interlinked localising processes forms the core of the thesis: The cultivation of place The accumulation of collective memory The crystallisation of life-ways and their evolution into tradition The generation of mutuality of being through sharing in fundamental biological processes which generate and preserve life Social circles of gift exchange and recognition which reinforce this mutuality of being The elaboration of symbolic boundaries The counterparts of localising processes are globalising ones. These involve the dismantling of the taken-for-granted relationships of everyday life and their reconstitution within spatially extended networks, governed by rationalised institutions, within separate spheres of economic production, commercial transactions, political administration and cultural exchange. The global market, the public arena, technological development and the bureaucratic state are all solvents of localised associations, which result in the dissipation and relativisation of value. However globalising processes never entirely displace localising ones. Even today, localising processes shape those areas of our lives which anchor our identities and provide a sense of meaning: the everyday interactions of home, family, community and intimate circles of friendship.

Social paranoia and absurdist fiction in Cold War America and Soviet Russia: a comparative study

This thesis explores the theme of social paranoia as depicted in the Absurdist fiction of Cold War America and Soviet Russia. The central hypothesis informing this research maintains that, despite the ideology of moral and cultural “Otherness” constructed and reinforced by both nations throughout much of twentieth century, the US and the Soviet Union more often than not functioned as mirror images of paranoia and suspicion. Much of the fiction produced in Russia from the Revolution onwards and in the US during the Cold War period highlights how these two ostensibly irreconcilable nations were consumed by similar fears and gripped by an equally pervasive paranoia. These parallel conditions of anxiety and mistrust led to a surprising congruity of literary responses, which transcended the ideological divide between capitalism and communism and, as such, underscored the homogeny of fear which lay beneath the façade of constructed difference. I contend that, because Soviet Russia and the America of the Cold War period were nations consumed by fear and suspicion, authors living in both countries became preoccupied by the mechanics of such deeply paranoid societies. Consequently, much of the fiction of the US and the Soviet Union during this period was preoccupied with the themes of paranoia, conspiracy, intensive bureaucracy and the politicisation of science, which resulted in the terror of the Nuclear Age. This thesis explores how these central themes unite apparently diverse literary texts and illustrate the uniformity of terror which transcended both the physical and ideological boundaries separating the United States and the Soviet Union. In doing so, this research focuses primarily on the multi-faceted manifestations of paranoia in selected works by Soviet authors Mikhail Bulgakov, Daniil Kharms and Yuli Daniel, and American authors Joseph Heller, Thomas Pynchon and Kurt Vonnegut. Focusing on key works by each author, this research considers these texts as products of two culturally diverse, yet equally paranoid societies and explores their preoccupation with issues of spying, infiltration and conspiracy. This thesis thus emphasises how these authors counter simplistic notions of Cold War Otherness by revealing two nations possessed by a similar sense of vulnerability and insecurity. Furthermore, this thesis examines how this social anxiety is reinforced by the way in which these authors position issues such as the mechanics of the bureaucratic system and clandestine scientific experimentation as the focal point of the paranoid imagination. Ultimately, by examining the concordance of paranoiac representation in America and the Soviet Union during this period, I demonstrate that these ostensibly divergent nations harboured similar fears and insecurities.

Afectividad y creaciones estéticas: intervención social con jóvenes no cualificados

Los jóvenes no cualificados, que participan en los dispositivos educativos de segunda oportunidad, recorren itinerarios de transición al mercado laboral cada vez más complejos. Por lo que conocer sus expectativas y su capacidad de agencia resulta ineludible para mejorar nuestro acompañamiento como profesionales de la intervención sociolaboral. En este artículo exploramos la adaptación de esos jóvenes a una exigencia creciente de cualificación, que los está excluyendo laboralmente. Frente a este proceso, observamos que contraponen una resistencia basada en su capital simbólico, a través de la afectividad y la estética. Nuestro interés por estas respuestas nace de la desorientación percibida entre los profesionales de los programas educativos. Incapaces de comprender las trayectorias divergentes que estos jóvenes plantean, ante los itinerarios homogéneos que se les ofrecen para su inserción social. Tras el análisis de las creaciones artísticas y estéticas de los adolescentes, intuimos que hay dos factores que activan su resistencia a las limitaciones de sus expectativas de éxito. Por un lado, una variable institucional, que apunta a una deficiente planificación de los itinerarios formativos, que los jóvenes perciben que les aboca a la infracualificación y a un mercado laboral precario e inestable. Y por otro lado, una resistencia a la exclusión, que se enraíza en un imaginario de éxito y de movilidad social propio de una juventud globalizada.

No Time for Muses:The Research Excellence Framework and the Pursuit of Mediocrity

The chapter examines why the REF is bureaucratic bunk that is gutting the UK university system of intellectual integrity and ingenuity.

Optimization models and methods for real-time transportation planning in forestry

Lors du transport du bois de la forêt vers les usines, de nombreux événements imprévus peuvent se produire, événements qui perturbent les trajets prévus (par exemple, en raison des conditions météo, des feux de forêt, de la présence de nouveaux chargements, etc.). Lorsque de tels événements ne sont connus que durant un trajet, le camion qui accomplit ce trajet doit être détourné vers un chemin alternatif. En l’absence d’informations sur un tel chemin, le chauffeur du camion est susceptible de choisir un chemin alternatif inutilement long ou pire, qui est lui-même "fermé" suite à un événement imprévu. Il est donc essentiel de fournir aux chauffeurs des informations en temps réel, en particulier des suggestions de chemins alternatifs lorsqu’une route prévue s’avère impraticable. Les possibilités de recours en cas d’imprévus dépendent des caractéristiques de la chaîne logistique étudiée comme la présence de camions auto-chargeurs et la politique de gestion du transport. Nous présentons trois articles traitant de contextes d’application différents ainsi que des modèles et des méthodes de résolution adaptés à chacun des contextes. Dans le premier article, les chauffeurs de camion disposent de l’ensemble du plan hebdomadaire de la semaine en cours. Dans ce contexte, tous les efforts doivent être faits pour minimiser les changements apportés au plan initial. Bien que la flotte de camions soit homogène, il y a un ordre de priorité des chauffeurs. Les plus prioritaires obtiennent les volumes de travail les plus importants. Minimiser les changements dans leurs plans est également une priorité. Étant donné que les conséquences des événements imprévus sur le plan de transport sont essentiellement des annulations et/ou des retards de certains voyages, l’approche proposée traite d’abord l’annulation et le retard d’un seul voyage, puis elle est généralisée pour traiter des événements plus complexes. Dans cette ap- proche, nous essayons de re-planifier les voyages impactés durant la même semaine de telle sorte qu’une chargeuse soit libre au moment de l’arrivée du camion à la fois au site forestier et à l’usine. De cette façon, les voyages des autres camions ne seront pas mo- difiés. Cette approche fournit aux répartiteurs des plans alternatifs en quelques secondes. De meilleures solutions pourraient être obtenues si le répartiteur était autorisé à apporter plus de modifications au plan initial. Dans le second article, nous considérons un contexte où un seul voyage à la fois est communiqué aux chauffeurs. Le répartiteur attend jusqu’à ce que le chauffeur termine son voyage avant de lui révéler le prochain voyage. Ce contexte est plus souple et offre plus de possibilités de recours en cas d’imprévus. En plus, le problème hebdomadaire peut être divisé en des problèmes quotidiens, puisque la demande est quotidienne et les usines sont ouvertes pendant des périodes limitées durant la journée. Nous utilisons un modèle de programmation mathématique basé sur un réseau espace-temps pour réagir aux perturbations. Bien que ces dernières puissent avoir des effets différents sur le plan de transport initial, une caractéristique clé du modèle proposé est qu’il reste valable pour traiter tous les imprévus, quelle que soit leur nature. En effet, l’impact de ces événements est capturé dans le réseau espace-temps et dans les paramètres d’entrée plutôt que dans le modèle lui-même. Le modèle est résolu pour la journée en cours chaque fois qu’un événement imprévu est révélé. Dans le dernier article, la flotte de camions est hétérogène, comprenant des camions avec des chargeuses à bord. La configuration des routes de ces camions est différente de celle des camions réguliers, car ils ne doivent pas être synchronisés avec les chargeuses. Nous utilisons un modèle mathématique où les colonnes peuvent être facilement et naturellement interprétées comme des itinéraires de camions. Nous résolvons ce modèle en utilisant la génération de colonnes. Dans un premier temps, nous relaxons l’intégralité des variables de décision et nous considérons seulement un sous-ensemble des itinéraires réalisables. Les itinéraires avec un potentiel d’amélioration de la solution courante sont ajoutés au modèle de manière itérative. Un réseau espace-temps est utilisé à la fois pour représenter les impacts des événements imprévus et pour générer ces itinéraires. La solution obtenue est généralement fractionnaire et un algorithme de branch-and-price est utilisé pour trouver des solutions entières. Plusieurs scénarios de perturbation ont été développés pour tester l’approche proposée sur des études de cas provenant de l’industrie forestière canadienne et les résultats numériques sont présentés pour les trois contextes.

Capital 2.0 capital formation and legal risk in a new global economic order from fiat to exit: including case studies of the proposed transatlantic trade and investment partnership between the United States and the European Union and the financing relation between the United States and the People’s Republic of China

Following the intrinsically linked balance sheets in his Capital Formation Life Cycle, Lukas M. Stahl explains with his Triple A Model of Accounting, Allocation and Accountability the stages of the Capital Formation process from FIAT to EXIT. Based on the theoretical foundations of legal risk laid by the International Bar Association with the help of Roger McCormick and legal scholars such as Joanna Benjamin, Matthew Whalley and Tobias Mahler, and founded on the basis of Wesley Hohfeld’s category theory of jural relations, Stahl develops his mutually exclusive Four Determinants of Legal Risk of Law, Lack of Right, Liability and Limitation. Those Four Determinants of Legal Risk allow us to apply, assess, and precisely describe the respective legal risk at all stages of the Capital Formation Life Cycle as demonstrated in case studies of nine industry verticals of the proposed and currently negotiated Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership between the United States of America and the European Union, TTIP, as well as in the case of the often cited financing relation between the United States and the People’s Republic of China. Having established the Four Determinants of Legal Risk and its application to the Capital Formation Life Cycle, Stahl then explores the theoretical foundations of capital formation, their historical basis in classical and neo-classical economics and its forefathers such as The Austrians around Eugen von Boehm-Bawerk, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek and most notably and controversial, Karl Marx, and their impact on today’s exponential expansion of capital formation. Starting off with the first pillar of his Triple A Model, Accounting, Stahl then moves on to explain the Three Factors of Capital Formation, Man, Machines and Money and shows how “value-added” is created with respect to the non-monetary capital factors of human resources and industrial production. Followed by a detailed analysis discussing the roles of the Three Actors of Monetary Capital Formation, Central Banks, Commercial Banks and Citizens Stahl readily dismisses a number of myths regarding the creation of money providing in-depth insight into the workings of monetary policy makers, their institutions and ultimate beneficiaries, the corporate and consumer citizens. In his second pillar, Allocation, Stahl continues his analysis of the balance sheets of the Capital Formation Life Cycle by discussing the role of The Five Key Accounts of Monetary Capital Formation, the Sovereign, Financial, Corporate, Private and International account of Monetary Capital Formation and the associated legal risks in the allocation of capital pursuant to his Four Determinants of Legal Risk. In his third pillar, Accountability, Stahl discusses the ever recurring Crisis-Reaction-Acceleration-Sequence-History, in short: CRASH, since the beginning of the millennium starting with the dot-com crash at the turn of the millennium, followed seven years later by the financial crisis of 2008 and the dislocations in the global economy we are facing another seven years later today in 2015 with several sordid debt restructurings under way and hundred thousands of refugees on the way caused by war and increasing inequality. Together with the regulatory reactions they have caused in the form of so-called landmark legislation such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010, the JOBS Act of 2012 or the introduction of the Basel Accords, Basel II in 2004 and III in 2010, the European Financial Stability Facility of 2010, the European Stability Mechanism of 2012 and the European Banking Union of 2013, Stahl analyses the acceleration in size and scope of crises that appears to find often seemingly helpless bureaucratic responses, the inherent legal risks and the complete lack of accountability on part of those responsible. Stahl argues that the order of the day requires to address the root cause of the problems in the form of two fundamental design defects of our Global Economic Order, namely our monetary and judicial order. Inspired by a 1933 plan of nine University of Chicago economists abolishing the fractional reserve system, he proposes the introduction of Sovereign Money as a prerequisite to void misallocations by way of judicial order in the course of domestic and transnational insolvency proceedings including the restructuring of sovereign debt throughout the entire monetary system back to its origin without causing domino effects of banking collapses and failed financial institutions. In recognizing Austrian-American economist Schumpeter’s Concept of Creative Destruction, as a process of industrial mutation that incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure from within, incessantly destroying the old one, incessantly creating a new one, Stahl responds to Schumpeter’s economic chemotherapy with his Concept of Equitable Default mimicking an immunotherapy that strengthens the corpus economicus own immune system by providing for the judicial authority to terminate precisely those misallocations that have proven malignant causing default perusing the century old common law concept of equity that allows for the equitable reformation, rescission or restitution of contract by way of judicial order. Following a review of the proposed mechanisms of transnational dispute resolution and current court systems with transnational jurisdiction, Stahl advocates as a first step in order to complete the Capital Formation Life Cycle from FIAT, the creation of money by way of credit, to EXIT, the termination of money by way of judicial order, the institution of a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Court constituted by a panel of judges from the U.S. Court of International Trade and the European Court of Justice by following the model of the EFTA Court of the European Free Trade Association. Since the first time his proposal has been made public in June of 2014 after being discussed in academic circles since 2011, his or similar proposals have found numerous public supporters. Most notably, the former Vice President of the European Parliament, David Martin, has tabled an amendment in June 2015 in the course of the negotiations on TTIP calling for an independent judicial body and the Member of the European Commission, Cecilia Malmström, has presented her proposal of an International Investment Court on September 16, 2015. Stahl concludes, that for the first time in the history of our generation it appears that there is a real opportunity for reform of our Global Economic Order by curing the two fundamental design defects of our monetary order and judicial order with the abolition of the fractional reserve system and the introduction of Sovereign Money and the institution of a democratically elected Transatlantic Trade and Investment Court that commensurate with its jurisdiction extending to cases concerning the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership may complete the Capital Formation Life Cycle resolving cases of default with the transnational judicial authority for terminal resolution of misallocations in a New Global Economic Order without the ensuing dangers of systemic collapse from FIAT to EXIT.

Pontes para a (Des)inserção: inserção pelo trabalho no Concelho de Stª Mª da Feira

O presente relatório visa a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Serviço Social pelo Instituto Superior Miguel Torga. Motivada pela preocupação nascida na prática profissional quotidiana, no acompanhamento aos cidadãos beneficiários do Rendimento Social de Inserção (R.S.I.), procurámos compreender a relação entre a pobreza e o mercado de trabalho. Criado no ano de 1996 pela Lei nº 19-A/96 de 29 de Junho, como prestação de rendimento mínimo garantido, o R.S.I. tem introduzido formas cada vez mais apuradas de seleção das suas clientelas, quer através da redefinição do conceito de agregado e avaliação dos seus rendimentos, quer da contratualização da prestação, pelo reforço crescente das penalizações ao incumprimento relativo ao emprego e à formação. Objetivo geral é perceber como se efetiva o processo de colocação no mercado de trabalho e que oportunidades de (des)inserção social dai resultam para os beneficiários. Procurámos também analisar a configuração das propostas oferecidas, no âmbito do contrato de inserção, aos homens e às mulheres, aos “velhos” e “novos” pobres. Assim, foram efetuadas entrevistas exploratórias aos técnicos do Centro de Emprego e Formação Profissional Entre Douro e Vouga (CEFP-EDV); Gabinete de Inserção Profissional (GIP) e Núcleo Local de Inserção (NLI) de Stª Mª da Feira e aplicado um inquérito por questionário aos beneficiários do R.S.I. com Contrato de Inserção para colocação no mercado de trabalho. Os técnicos do CEFP-EDV e do GIP expressaram dificuldades no acompanhamento e gestão de carreira dos beneficiários, devido à sobrecarga e à natureza burocrática das tarefas exigidas nos seus organismos. Os beneficiários consideram igualmente que o CEFP-EDV não é eficiente nem eficaz, para a colocação no mercado de trabalho não cumprindo portanto a função que legalmente lhe está atribuída. Os homens são amplamente beneficiados na relação com o Centro de Emprego, comparativamente com as mulheres, porque recebem mais propostas de emprego e formação. A “velha pobreza” aparece instalada no desemprego e na prestação durante mais tempo que os “novos” pobres. Estes raramente são convocados pelo CEFP-EDV. São as redes informais que têm um papel mais ativo e preponderante no processo de inserção laboral. Na população inquirida a inserção pelo trabalho por si só não constituiu a solução para a saída da pobreza. / The present report aims to obtain a Master’s degree in Social Work from the Instituto Superior Miguel Torga. Motivated by concern aroused from the day to day professional practice, while monitoring citizens on social income benefits, “Rendimento Social de Inserção” (R.S.I.) (Social Insertion Income), we have sought to understand the relationship between poverty and the labour market. Introduced in the year 1996 by Law nº 19-A/96 of 29th June, as the provision of income support, the R.S.I. has introduced increasingly more refined forms of selection of its clientele, either by redefining the concept of aggregate and assessmento of their income, or the contractual provision, by increasingly strenthening the penalties for failure in relation to employment and training.The overall goal is to understand how the process of entering the work market is made and the opportunities of (un)inclusion arising from it for the beneficiaries. It was also sought to analyse the configuration of the proposals offered under the insertion contract to men and women, to the “old” and the “new” poor.Consequently, exploratory interviews were made to the technicians of Centro de Emprego e Formação Profissional Entre Douro e Vouga (CEFP-EDV) (Emloyment and Training Centre); Gabinete de Inserção Profissional (GIP) (Professional Insertion Office) and Núcleo Local de Inserção (Local Insertion Group) (NLI) of Stª Mª da Feira. The survey was carried out through a questionnaire to the beneficiaries of the R.S.I. with Insertion Contracts for placement in the labour market.The CEFP-EDV and GIP technicians expressed diffficulties in monitoring and career management of the benefeciaries due to overhead and bureaucratic nature of the tasks recquired in their institutions. The beneficiaries also considered that CEFP-EDV is neither efficient nor effective in placing people in the work market thus not fulfilling the function for which they are legally assigned. Men are largely benefitted in relation to the Job Centre, compared to women, because they get more job offers and training. The “old poverty” appears to be installed in unemployment and provision for longer than the “new” poor. These are rarely called up by CEFP-EDV. It is the informal networks that have a more active and leading role in the process of job placement. For the questioned population entering the job market does not itself constitute a solution to ending poverty.

Den offentliga sektorns komplexa adaptiva system : En kvalitativ studie om medarbetarpolicys i praktiken

Intresset för hur HR och ledning kan påverka medarbetarnas beteendemönster och den sociala strukturen inom organisationer har gett upphov till denna undersökning. Med utgångspunkt i teorier om komplexa adaptiva system som perspektiv har jag försökt fånga medarbetarnas förutsättningar att nå organisationers vision och därmed förverkliga medarbetarpolicyn i praktiken. Tillsammans med kontaktpersoner från den undersökta kommunen har jag gjort en djupdykning i en offentlig organisation i syfte att förklara byråkratins inverkan på beteendemönstret hos medarbetarna och hur de tillsammans skapar en social struktur vilken speglar organisationens vision. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur det adaptiva systemet fungerar i en byråkratisk organisation och vad det betyder för medarbetarnas möjligheter att förverkliga organisationens vision och medarbetarpolicy. Undersökningen har genomförts på en socialförvaltning i en kommun i mellan Sverige och med en kvalitativ metod och semistrukturerade intervjuer har sex respondenter deltagit i undersökningen. Samtliga respondenter har olika befattningar inom organisationen och bidrar därmed med olika perspektiv på samma fenomen. Undersökningens resultat visar att den offentliga verksamhetens byråkratiska organisationsstruktur bidrar till att det bildas olika adaptiva system inom organisationen, där medarbetarnas beteendemönster bildar en social struktur som leder till att visionen och medarbetarpolicyn inte förverkligas. Undersökningen visar även att de adaptiva systemen inom organisationen inte påverkar varandra, då de inte interagerar med varandra inom organisationen. Det som ligger till grund för hur medarbetarnas beteendemönster etableras inom organisationen är kraven från omvärlden, hög arbetsbelastning och avsaknaden av stabilitet i den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön och inte vad tidigare forskning visat; att det skulle vara hög regelstyrning som ligger till grund för beteendemönstret inom den offentliga sektorn. Slutsatsen är att för att medarbetarna ska kunna förverkliga organisationens vision och medarbetarpolicy kräver det att HR, ledning och medarbetare alla ingår i samma adaptiva system. För att det ska vara möjligt behöver HR upprätta strategier för hur samtliga inom organisationen ska interagera med varandra i det dagliga arbetet. Ledningen och medarbetarna behöver även ha goda möjligheter att kommunicera med varandra regelbundet i en större omfattning än vad de gör idag. Konkreta åtgärder för hur det lämpligen bör genomföras presenteras under diskussionen.