La construcción interactiva de la identidad en la entrevista periodística de humor : Categorías, ejecución y marcos

La identidad en la interacción ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios dentro de la Etnometodología. Esta investigación busca combinar los métodos de investigación del MCA (Membership Categorization Analysis) con la teoría de la ejecución y el concepto de alternancia de marcos para explicar el despliegue dinámico de la identidad de los participantes en entrevistas transcriptas. Utilizando los recursos retóricos, lingüísticos y discursivos que tienen a su disposición, los participantes construyen colaborativamente diferentes identidades para sí mismos y para el otro en el curso de la interacción, que están disponibles para la audiencia en la versión escrita. Los resultados muestran que el entrevistador construye su identidad posicionándose como performer o ejecutante (en el sentido de Bauman) frente a la audiencia (los futuros lectores de la entrevista) y a su entrevistado del momento, y alternando estratégicamente entre el marco humorístico y el marco serio. El entrevistador emplea una serie de recursos retóricos, discursivos y lingüísticos para producir el efecto cómico que ayudan a constituir su identidad como transgresor e ingenioso. Por otra parte, la identidad de los entrevistados se construye a través de procesos de auto y heterocategorización.

La construcción interactiva de la identidad en la entrevista periodística de humor : Categorías, ejecución y marcos

La identidad en la interacción ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios dentro de la Etnometodología. Esta investigación busca combinar los métodos de investigación del MCA (Membership Categorization Analysis) con la teoría de la ejecución y el concepto de alternancia de marcos para explicar el despliegue dinámico de la identidad de los participantes en entrevistas transcriptas. Utilizando los recursos retóricos, lingüísticos y discursivos que tienen a su disposición, los participantes construyen colaborativamente diferentes identidades para sí mismos y para el otro en el curso de la interacción, que están disponibles para la audiencia en la versión escrita. Los resultados muestran que el entrevistador construye su identidad posicionándose como performer o ejecutante (en el sentido de Bauman) frente a la audiencia (los futuros lectores de la entrevista) y a su entrevistado del momento, y alternando estratégicamente entre el marco humorístico y el marco serio. El entrevistador emplea una serie de recursos retóricos, discursivos y lingüísticos para producir el efecto cómico que ayudan a constituir su identidad como transgresor e ingenioso. Por otra parte, la identidad de los entrevistados se construye a través de procesos de auto y heterocategorización.

La construcción interactiva de la identidad en la entrevista periodística de humor : Categorías, ejecución y marcos

La identidad en la interacción ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios dentro de la Etnometodología. Esta investigación busca combinar los métodos de investigación del MCA (Membership Categorization Analysis) con la teoría de la ejecución y el concepto de alternancia de marcos para explicar el despliegue dinámico de la identidad de los participantes en entrevistas transcriptas. Utilizando los recursos retóricos, lingüísticos y discursivos que tienen a su disposición, los participantes construyen colaborativamente diferentes identidades para sí mismos y para el otro en el curso de la interacción, que están disponibles para la audiencia en la versión escrita. Los resultados muestran que el entrevistador construye su identidad posicionándose como performer o ejecutante (en el sentido de Bauman) frente a la audiencia (los futuros lectores de la entrevista) y a su entrevistado del momento, y alternando estratégicamente entre el marco humorístico y el marco serio. El entrevistador emplea una serie de recursos retóricos, discursivos y lingüísticos para producir el efecto cómico que ayudan a constituir su identidad como transgresor e ingenioso. Por otra parte, la identidad de los entrevistados se construye a través de procesos de auto y heterocategorización.

Ocean acidification not likely to affect the survival and fitness of two yemperate benthic foraminiferal species: results from culture experiments

Specimens of Bolivina argentea and Bulimina marginata, two widely distributed temperate benthic foraminiferal species, were cultured at constant temperature and controlled pCO2 (ambient, 1000 ppmv, and 2000 ppmv) for six weeks to assess the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on survival and fitness using Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) analyses and on shell microfabric using high-resolution SEM and image analysis. To characterize the carbonate chemistry of the incubation seawater, total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon were measured approximately every two weeks. Survival and fitness were not directly affected by elevated pCO2 and the concomitant decrease in seawater pH and calcite saturation states (Omega c), even when seawater was undersaturated with respect to calcite. These results differ from some previous observations that ocean acidification can cause a variety of effects on benthic foraminifera, including test dissolution, decreased growth, and mottling (loss of symbiont color in symbiont-bearing species), suggesting that the benthic foraminiferal response to ocean acidification may be species specific. If so, this implies that ocean acidification may lead to ecological winners and losers even within the same taxonomic group.

Comparison and Assessment of Two Emission inventories for the Madrid Region

Emission inventories are databases that aim to describe the polluting activities that occur across a certain geographic domain. According to the spatial scale, the availability of information will vary as well as the applied assumptions, which will strongly influence its quality, accuracy and representativeness. This study compared and contrasted two emission inventories describing the Greater Madrid Region (GMR) under an air quality simulation approach. The chosen inventories were the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) and the Regional Emissions Inventory of the Greater Madrid Region (REI). Both of them were used to feed air quality simulations with the CMAQ modelling system, and the results were compared with observations from the air quality monitoring network in the modelled domain. Through the application of statistical tools, the analysis of emissions at cell level and cell – expansion procedures, it was observed that the National Inventory showed better results for describing on – road traffic activities and agriculture, SNAP07 and SNAP10. The accurate description of activities, the good characterization of the vehicle fleet and the correct use of traffic emission factors were the main causes of such a good correlation. On the other hand, the Regional Inventory showed better descriptions for non – industrial combustion (SNAP02) and industrial activities (SNAP03). It incorporated realistic emission factors, a reasonable fuel mix and it drew upon local information sources to describe these activities, while NEI relied on surrogation and national datasets which leaded to a poorer representation. Off – road transportation (SNAP08) was similarly described by both inventories, while the rest of the SNAP activities showed a marginal contribution to the overall emissions.

An experimental and theoretical study of unsteady flow (gust) effects on structures

The gust wind tunnel at IDR, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), has been enhanced and the impact of the modification has been characterized. Several flow quality configurations have been tested. The problems in measuring gusty winds with Pitot tubes have been considered. Experimental results have been obtained and compared with theoretically calculated results (based on potential flow theory). A theoretical correction term has been proposed for unsteady flow measurements obtained with Pitot tubes. The effect of unsteady flow on structures and laying bodies on the ground has been also considered. A theoretical model has been proposed for a semi-circular cylinder and experimental tests have been performed to study the unsteady flow effects, which can help in clarifying the phenomenon.

The nature of gypsum mortars for external rendering in Spain. Traditional manufacture and mineralogy

The present work focuses on gypsum mortar manufactu red in traditional kilns and used historically as exterior rendering. A documentation survey has been carried out followed by an experimental analysis using geological techniques. Conclusion shows that traditional gypsum is formed by anhydrite and inert active impurities (crystalline amorphous silica; cl ays and hydraulic phases) produced by the craft manufacture process of the system, in a kiln with a 200ºC to 1000ºC temperature interval, and continuo us fuel supply during 36 hours. Anhydrite together wit h the hydraulic phases set at consecutive time peri ods and with the presence of moisture improve the physi cal and mechanical properties of the final product. The hydration system is of great complexity and sho ws a very slow kinetics when in presence of impurities

Improving Crop Models: Incorporating New Processes, New Approaches, and Better Calibrations

Early ancestors of crop simulation models (De Wit, 1965; Monteith, 1965; Duncan et al., 1967) were born before primitive personal computers were available (e.g. Apple II released in 1977, IBM PC released in 1981). Paleo-computer programs were run in mainframes with the support of punch cards. As computers became more available and powerful, crop models evolved into sophisticated tools summarizing our understanding of how crops operate. This evolution was triggered by the need to answer new scientific questions and improve the accuracy of model simulations, especially under limiting conditions.

Synthetic genes for glycoprotein design and the elucidation of hydroxyproline-O-glycosylation codes

Design of hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) offers an approach for the structural and functional analysis of these wall components, which are broadly implicated in plant growth and development. HRGPs consist of multiple small repetitive “glycomodules” extensively O-glycosylated through the Hyp residues. The patterns of Hyp-O-glycosylation are putatively coded by the primary sequence as described by the Hyp contiguity hypothesis, which predicts contiguous Hyp residues to be attachment sites of small arabinooligosaccharides (1–5 Ara residues/Hyp); while clustered, noncontiguous Hyp residues are sites of arabinogalactan polysaccharide attachment. As a test, we designed two simple HRGPs as fusion proteins with green fluorescent protein. The first was a repetitive Ser-Hyp motif that encoded only clustered noncontiguous Hyp residues, predicted polysaccharide addition sites. The resulting glycoprotein had arabinogalactan polysaccharide O-linked to all Hyp residues. The second construct, based on the consensus sequence of a gum arabic HRGP, contained both arabinogalactan and arabinooligosaccharide addition sites and, as predicted, gave a product that contained both saccharide types. These results identify an O-glycosylation code of plants.

Correlation between Binding Affinity and Necrosis-Inducing Activity of Mutant AVR9 Peptide Elicitors1

The race-specific peptide elicitor AVR9 of the fungus Cladosporium fulvum induces a hypersensitive response only in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants carrying the complementary resistance gene Cf-9 (MoneyMaker-Cf9). A binding site for AVR9 is present on the plasma membranes of both resistant and susceptible tomato genotypes. We used mutant AVR9 peptides to determine the relationship between elicitor activity of these peptides and their affinity to the binding site in the membranes of tomato. Mutant AVR9 peptides were purified from tobacco (Nicotiana clevelandii) inoculated with recombinant potato virus X expressing the corresponding avirulence gene Avr9. In addition, several AVR9 peptides were synthesized chemically. Physicochemical techniques revealed that the peptides were correctly folded. Most mutant AVR9 peptides purified from potato virus X::Avr9-infected tobacco contain a single N-acetylglucosamine. These glycosylated AVR9 peptides showed a lower affinity to the binding site than the nonglycosylated AVR9 peptides, whereas their necrosis-inducing activity was hardly changed. For both the nonglycosylated and the glycosylated mutant AVR9 peptides, a positive correlation between their affinity to the membrane-localized binding site and their necrosis-inducing activity in MoneyMaker-Cf9 tomato was found. The perception of AVR9 in resistant and susceptible plants is discussed.

Autocrine/paracrine role of insulin-related growth factors in neurogenesis: local expression and effects on cell proliferation and differentiation in retina.

Early neurogenesis progresses by an initial massive proliferation of neuroepithelial cells followed by a sequential differentiation of the various mature neural cell types. The regulation of these processes by growth factors is poorly understood. We intend to understand, in a well-defined biological system, the embryonic chicken retina, the role of the insulin-related growth factors in neurogenesis. We demonstrate the local presence of signaling elements together with a biological response to the factors. Neuroretina at days 6-8 of embryonic development (E6-E8) expressed proinsulin/insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNAs as well as insulin receptor and IGF type I receptor mRNAs. In parallel with this in vivo gene expression, E5 cultured neuroretinas synthesized and released to the medium a metabolically radiolabeled immunoprecipitable insulin-related peptide. Furthermore, insulin-related immunoreactive material with a HPLC mobility close to that of proinsulin was found in the E6-E8 vitreous humor. Exogenous chicken IGF-I, human insulin, and human proinsulin added to E6 cultured neuroretinas showed relatively close potencies stimulating proliferation, as determined by [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation, with a plateau reached at 10(-8) M. These factors also stimulated neuronal differentiation, indicated by the expression of the neuron-specific antigen G4. Thus, insulin-related growth factors, interestingly including proinsulin, are present in the developing chicken retina and appear to play an autocrine/paracrine stimulatory role in the progression of neurogenesis.