Full instability behavior of N-dimensional dynamical systems with a one-directional nonlinear vector field

We show how certain N-dimensional dynamical systems are able to exploit the full instability capabilities of their fixed points to do Hopf bifurcations and how such a behavior produces complex time evolutions based on the nonlinear combination of the oscillation modes that emerged from these bifurcations. For really different oscillation frequencies, the evolutions describe robust wave form structures, usually periodic, in which selfsimilarity with respect to both the time scale and system dimension is clearly appreciated. For closer frequencies, the evolution signals usually appear irregular but are still based on the repetition of complex wave form structures. The study is developed by considering vector fields with a scalar-valued nonlinear function of a single variable that is a linear combination of the N dynamical variables. In this case, the linear stability analysis can be used to design N-dimensional systems in which the fixed points of a saddle-node pair experience up to N21 Hopf bifurcations with preselected oscillation frequencies. The secondary processes occurring in the phase region where the variety of limit cycles appear may be rather complex and difficult to characterize, but they produce the nonlinear mixing of oscillation modes with relatively generic features

A Quantitative method for the characterization of lytic metastases of the bone from radiographic images

The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic usefulness of the gray level parameters to distinguish osteolytic lesions using radiological images. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out. A total of 76 skeletal radiographs of osteolytic metastases and 67 radiographs of multiple myeloma were used. The cases were classified into nonflat (MM1 and OL1) and flat bones (MM2 and OL2). These radiological images were analyzed by using a computerized method. The parameters calculated were mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation (MGL, SDGL, and CVGL) based on gray level histogram analysis of a region-of-interest.Diagnostic utility was quantified bymeasurement of parameters on osteolyticmetastases andmultiplemyeloma, yielding quantification of area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Results: Flat bone groups (MM2 and OL2) showed significant differences in mean values of MGL ( = 0.048) and SDGL ( = 0.003). Their corresponding values of AUC were 0.758 for MGL and 0.883 for SDGL in flat bones. In nonflat bones these gray level parameters do not show diagnostic ability. Conclusion: The gray level parametersMGL and SDGL show a good discriminatory diagnostic ability to distinguish between multiple myeloma and lytic metastases in flat bones.

Circumsolar energetic particle distribution on 2011 November 3

Late on 2011 November 3, STEREO-A, STEREO-B, MESSENGER, and near-Earth spacecraft observed an energetic particle flux enhancement. Based on the analysis of in situ plasma and particle observations, their correlation with remote sensing observations, and an interplanetary transport model, we conclude that the particle increases observed at multiple locations had a common single source active region and the energetic particles filled a very broad region around the Sun. The active region was located at the solar backside (as seen from Earth) and was the source of a large flare, a fast and wide coronal mass ejection, and an EIT wave, accompanied by type II and type III radio-emission. In contrast to previous solar energetic particle events showing broad longitudinal spread, this event showed clear particle anisotropies at three widely separated observation points at 1AU, suggesting direct particle injection close to the magnetic footpoint of each spacecraft, lasting for several hours.We discuss these observations and the possible scenarios explaining the extremely broad particle spread for this event.

Ewing sarcoma of the rib: respiratory tract infection as initial symptoms in a 14-year-old boy. Functional medical imaging findings

Ewing sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of bone is the second most common pediatric malignant bone tumor. The median age at diagnosis is 15 years and there is a male predilection of 1.5/1. The authors present the case of a 14-year-old boy with Ewing sarcoma situated on the left ninth rib which was being investigated for respiratory tract infection. Pleurisy is the most common misdiagnosis. Our case illustrates the importance of recognizing exceptional features when interpreting FDG PET or scintigraphy to prevent the misinterpretation of metastases as other etiologies, such as infection.

The interaction between sulfathiazole and cobalt(II): potentiometric studies

Potentiometric studies of sulfathiazole (HST) in the presence and absence of cobalt(II) were performed. Equilibrium constants for the formation of the detected species, [Co(ST)]+ and [Co(ST)(OH)], are reported. UV-Vis spectrophotometric measurements suggest that the coordination Co(II)-sulfathiazole might be through a N atom, which, in agreement with MO calculations, could be a thiazolic one. In spite of sulfonamides being better ligands at pH >7, [Co(ST)]+ was found at pH » 3.

Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in obesity

Significance: Current lifestyles with high-energy diets and little exercise are triggering an alarming growth in obesity. Excess of adiposity is leading to severe increases in associated pathologies, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, arthritis, asthma, and hypertension. This, together with the lack of efficient obesity drugs, is the driving force behind much research. Recent Advances: Traditional anti-obesity strategies focused on reducing food intake and increasing physical activity. However, recent results suggest that enhancing cellular energy expenditure may be an attractive alternative therapy. Critical Issues: This review evaluates recent discoveries regarding mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and its potential as a therapy for obesity. We focus on the still controversial beneficial effects of increased FAO in liver and muscle, recent studies on how to potentiate adipose tissue energy expenditure, and the different hypotheses involving FAO and the reactive oxygen species production in the hypothalamic control of food intake. Future Directions: The present review aims to provide an overview of novel anti-obesity strategies that target mitochondrial FAO and that will definitively be of high interest in the future research to fight against obesity-related disorders.

Enhanced fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes and macrophages reduces lipid-induced triglyceride accumulation and inflammation

Lipid overload in obesity and type 2 diabetes is associated with adipocyte dysfunction, inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Here, we report that the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), the rate-limiting enzyme in mitochondrial FAO, is higher in human adipose tissue macrophages than in adipocytes and that it is differentially expressed in visceral vs. subcutaneous adipose tissue in both an obese and a type 2 diabetes cohort. These observations led us to further investigate the potential role of CPT1A in adipocytes and macrophages. We expressed CPT1AM, a permanently active mutant form of CPT1A, in 3T3-L1 CARΔ1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages through adenoviral infection. Enhanced FAO in palmitate-incubated adipocytes and macrophages reduced triglyceride content and inflammation, improved insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, and reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress and ROS damage in macrophages. We conclude that increasing FAO in adipocytes and macrophages improves palmitate-induced derangements. This indicates that enhancing FAO in metabolically relevant cells such as adipocytes and macrophages may be a promising strategy for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pathologies such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Evolución de los conocimientos acerca de los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario, a través de una intervención educativa en estudiantes de enseñanza post-obligatoria

Introducción: A pesar de ser considerados eventos infrecuentes en comparación a otros estados patológicos relacionados con la alimentación, en los últimos años y en diferentes países, se constata un incremento de las tasas de incidencia y prevalencia de los Tras - tornos del Comportamiento Alimentario; la mayoría de estudios que analizan los factores que pueden influir en su aparición, suelen implicar a jóvenes y adolescentes de poblaciones pre-mórbidas o mórbidas, siendo menos frecuentes los realizados sobre población sana y estándar. Objetivos: Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos acerca de los Trastornos del Comportamiento Alimentario y comprobar la eficacia de una intervención educativa, en jóvenes de una población presumiblemente sana. Métodos: Estudio de intervención con evaluación pre y post intervención, a través de un cuestionario previamente validado de 10 preguntas cerradas y abiertas, en estudiantes de Fisioterapia, Educación Infantil y Hostelería. Resultados: Respondieron el cuestionario inicial 154 estu diantes, 85 universitarios y 39 de ciclo formativo en Hostelería, mayoritariamente mujeres (68%) y con una edad media de 20,8 años. Los estudiantes demostraron un nivel medio de conocimientos inicial, mayor en las mujeres y en los estudiantes universitarios que en los de formación profesional. Los factores de riesgo y las manifestaciones clínicas fueron los aspectos menos conocidos por los estudiantes. La intervención educativa realizada en los 35 estudiantes de Hostelería que participaron en el taller y respondieron el cuestionario post-intervención, consiguió elevar el nivel de conocimientos hasta una calificación media superior a la inicial y a la de los grupos en que no se realizó la intervención. Discusión y conclusiones: A pesar de que la intervención realizada resultó eficaz para mejorar el nivel de conocimientos en muchos de los participantes, los resultados del cuestionario post-intervención revelan la necesidad de educar a los jóvenes en los rasgos que definen y caracterizan un Trastorno del Compor tamiento Alimen - tario, adaptando el abordaje de los mismos a su realidad social. La inclusión de temas relacionados con la nutrición y la salud en los programas curriculares de los estudios post-obligatorios mejoraría el nivel de conocimientos entre los futuros profesionales de los ámbitos de la salud, la educación y la hostelería/restauración.

Enhanced fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes and macrophages reduces lipid-induced triglyceride accumulation and inflammation

Lipid overload in obesity and type 2 diabetes is associated with adipocyte dysfunction, inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Here, we report that the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), the rate-limiting enzyme in mitochondrial FAO, is higher in human adipose tissue macrophages than in adipocytes and that it is differentially expressed in visceral vs. subcutaneous adipose tissue in both an obese and a type 2 diabetes cohort. These observations led us to further investigate the potential role of CPT1A in adipocytes and macrophages. We expressed CPT1AM, a permanently active mutant form of CPT1A, in 3T3-L1 CARΔ1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages through adenoviral infection. Enhanced FAO in palmitate-incubated adipocytes and macrophages reduced triglyceride content and inflammation, improved insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, and reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress and ROS damage in macrophages. We conclude that increasing FAO in adipocytes and macrophages improves palmitate-induced derangements. This indicates that enhancing FAO in metabolically relevant cells such as adipocytes and macrophages may be a promising strategy for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pathologies such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Educació: frontera permeable? Una mirada des de dins i des de fora

De nou un full en blanc, la perspectiva de paper és ben llarga, l'ordinador no ens hi posa fronteres i esper que les idees em flueixin i puga descriure allò que ha estat, i està sent la nostra vida en i per a l'educació. Quina paraula amb més significats! Si en diem educació ens podem referir àmpliament a l'experiència mútua que s'esdevé quan optem per "donar classes" que es diu col·loquialment, donar classes! En una època en que ningú dóna res...

Educació: frontera permeable? Una mirada des de dins i des de fora

De nou un full en blanc, la perspectiva de paper és ben llarga, l'ordinador no ens hi posa fronteres i esper que les idees em flueixin i puga descriure allò que ha estat, i està sent la nostra vida en i per a l'educació. Quina paraula amb més significats! Si en diem educació ens podem referir àmpliament a l'experiència mútua que s'esdevé quan optem per "donar classes" que es diu col·loquialment, donar classes! En una època en que ningú dóna res...

Educació: frontera permeable? Una mirada des de dins i des de fora

De nou un full en blanc, la perspectiva de paper és ben llarga, l'ordinador no ens hi posa fronteres i esper que les idees em flueixin i puga descriure allò que ha estat, i està sent la nostra vida en i per a l'educació. Quina paraula amb més significats! Si en diem educació ens podem referir àmpliament a l'experiència mútua que s'esdevé quan optem per "donar classes" que es diu col·loquialment, donar classes! En una època en que ningú dóna res...

Osteolytic metastasis detected in a patient with lung carcinoma by F18-FDG PET

We present a 53-year-old man with a vocal cord paralysis observed as a primary manifestation of lung carcinoma. Tc-99m MDP whole body bone scan was performed and resulted in a normal scintiscan. The bone scan did not reveal any suspicious foci of uptake. The possibility of bone metastasis was taken into consideration. A whole body F18-FDG-PET scan showed intense uptake in the left upper lung corresponding to the primary tumor. A bronchial biopsy confirmed infiltration by small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). SCLC is composed of poorly differentiated, rapidly growing cells with diseases usually occurring centrally rather than peripherally. It metastasizes early. The whole-body F18-FDG-PET scan clearly demonstrated a focus of increased uptake in the second lumbar vertebral body suspicious for osteolytic metastasis. A lytic bone metastasis was confirmed by MRI. The patient then received therapy and underwent follow up abdominal CT. The scan showed blastic changes in the L2 vertebra suggesting response to treatment.

Estudio estadístico en cirugía ungueal

Presentamos un estudio estadístico sobre los resultados de las técnicas de cirugía ungueal realizadasen el Servicio de Cirugía de la Clínica Podológica de la Universidad de Barcelona en los últimos años, describiendo el método empleado para su realizacióny las conclusiones obtenidas.

Individual Differences in Music Reward Experiences

Music is one of the most pleasant human experiences, even though it has no direct biological advantage. However little is known about individual differences in how people experience reward in music-related activities. The goal of the present study was to describe the main facets of music experience that could explain the variance observed in how people experience reward associated with music. To this end we developed the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ), which was administrated to three large samples. Our results showed that the musical reward experience can be decomposed into five reliable factors: Musical Seeking, Emotion Evocation, Mood Regulation, Social Reward, and Sensory-Motor. These factors were correlated with socio-demographic factors and measures of general sensitivity to reward and hedonic experience. We propose that the five-factor structure of musical reward experience might be very relevant in the study of psychological and neural bases of emotion and pleasure associated to music.