Solar radiation over and under sea ice during the POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXVI/3 (TransArc) in summer 2011

Arctic sea ice has declined and become thinner and younger (more seasonal) during the last decade. One consequence of this is that the surface energy budget of the Arctic Ocean is changing. While the role of surface albedo has been studied intensively, it is still widely unknown how much light penetrates through sea ice into the upper ocean, affecting sea-ice mass balance, ecosystems, and geochemical processes. Here we present the first large-scale under-ice light measurements, operating spectral radiometers on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) under Arctic sea ice in summer. This data set is used to produce an Arctic-wide map of light distribution under summer sea ice. Our results show that transmittance through first-year ice (FYI, 0.11) was almost three times larger than through multi-year ice (MYI, 0.04), and that this is mostly caused by the larger melt-pond coverage of FYI (42 vs. 23%). Also energy absorption was 50% larger in FYI than in MYI. Thus, a continuation of the observed sea-ice changes will increase the amount of light penetrating into the Arctic Ocean, enhancing sea-ice melt and affecting sea-ice and upper-ocean ecosystems.

Sr- and Nd-isotopic composition of bulk lithogenic sediments from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Table 1)

In order to characterize the provenance of lithogenic surface sediments from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS), residual (leached) fraction of 34 surface samples have been analysed for their 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios. The sample locations bracket all important entrances of riverine suspended matter into the EMS as well as all sub-basins of the EMS. The combined analyses of these two isotope ratios provide a precise characterization of the lithogenic fraction of surface sediments and record their dilution towards the central sub-basins. We reconstruct provenance and possible pathways of riverine dispersal and current redistribution, assuming more or less homogenous isotopic signatures and flux rates of the eolian fraction over the EMS. Lithogenic sediments entering the Ionian Sea from the Calabrian Arc and the Adriatic Sea are characterized by high 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios and low epsilon-Nd(0) values (average 87Sr/86Sr=0.718005 and epsilon-Nd(0)=-11.06, n=5). Aegean Sea terrigenous sediments show an average ratio of 87Sr/86Sr=0.713089 (n=5) and values of epsilon-Nd(0)=-7.89 (n=5). The Aegean isotopic signature is traceable up to the southwest, south, and southeast of Crete. The sediment loads entering the EMS via the Aegean Sea are low and spread out mainly through the Strait of Casos (east of Crete). Surface sediments from the eastern Levantine Basin are marked by the highest epsilon-Nd(0) values (-3.3, n=6) and lowest 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios (average 0.709541, n=6), reflecting the predominant input of the Nile sediment. The influence of the Nile sediment is traceable up to the NE-trending, eastern flank of the Mediterranean Ridge. The characterization of the modern riverine dispersal and eolian flux, based on isotope data, may serve as a tool to reconstruct climate-coupled variations of lithogenic sediment input into the EMS.

Stereo photo series for quantifying natural fuels /

"PMS 830"--Cover, v. 1; "PMS 831"--Cover, v. 2; "PMS 832"--Cover, v. 3; "PMS 833"--Cover, v. 4; "PMS 835"--Cover, v. 6; "PMS 838"--Cover, v. 6a; "PMS 839"--Cover. v. 7; "PMS 840"--Cover, v. 8.

Yuxisheng nian pu hui jian /

On double leaves, oriental style, in case.

Analytical procedure for the determination of thorium /

"January 1952."

Observaciones hidrologico-medicas de las aguas minero-medicinales de Carballino y Partovia, que presenta su Medico director en el presente año de 1863 /

Antigua Signatura Ca 2786(19)

Historia de el señor cardenal don Francisco Ximenez de Cisneros /

Mode of access: Internet.

Leçons sur les effets des substances toxiques et médicamenteuses /

Precede al tít.: Cours de Médecine du Collège de France.

Epistres de Saint Paul a Timothée, a Tite, à Philemon, & aux Hebreux /

Mode of access: Internet.

Tafsīr al-Qurʼān /

Contained in margins: Tafsīr Gharāʼib al-Qurʼan wa-Raghāʼib al-Furqān, by Niẓām-al-Dīn al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn-Ḥusayn al-Qummi al-Nīsābūri.

The Baptist missionary magazine.

Title from caption.

Chronique d'Abou-Djafar Mohammed Tabari : fils de Djarir, fils d'Yezid /

"Tome Premier." No more published.

Taberistanensis ... annales regum atque legatorum Dei, ex codice manu scripto Berolinensi Arabice /

Added t.p. in Arabic. Al-juz ̓al-Khāmis min Tarīkh al-mulūk ... vol.2 contains part l. only.