Universaaleja arvoja etsimässä

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Peruskauraa viihdepakettina eli mitä esitetään yleistajuisesti

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Kokoelma Jerusalemin kuningaskunnan vaiheista

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Saksalaisina ja vastavallankumouksellisina pidätetyt

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Kun herätysliike kirkollistui

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Estrutura do componente arbóreo de uma floresta estacional na Serra do Sudeste, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

A cobertura florestal no Rio Grande do Sul encontra-se fortemente reduzida e fragmentada e, na Serra do Sudeste, particularmente, muito pouco se sabe sobre a estrutura de suas florestas. A localização de um remanescente de floresta primária nas encostas orientais permitiu a realização de um levantamento fitossociológico com o objetivo de descrever a estrutura do componente arbóreo e estabelecer relações com outras florestas estacionais. Foram amostradas todas as árvores com DAP > 5 cm em uma área de 1 ha, subdividida em 100 parcelas de 10 × 10 m. Foram registrados 2.236 indivíduos, pertencentes a 69 espécies, 55 gêneros e 34 famílias. As famílias que sobressaíram em riqueza foram Myrtaceae, Lauraceae e Euphorbiaceae. A pequena contribuição de Fabaceae nas florestas na Serra do Sudeste contrasta com sua importância em outras florestas estacionais no Rio Grande do Sul e no Brasil. Dentre as espécies com os maiores valores de importância, destacaram-se Gymnanthes concolor Spreng., Esenbeckia grandiflora Mart. e Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) W.C.Burger et al., pela elevada densidade, Sloanea monosperma Vell. e Ilex paraguariensis A.St-Hil., pela elevada área basal, e com valores intermediários nesses parâmetros Myrsine umbellata Mart., Miconia rigidiuscula Cogn. e Calyptranthes grandifolia O.Berg. A diversidade específica (H') foi estimada em 3,204 (nats) (J' = 0,757), um dos mais altos valores já registrados para as florestas estacionais no Rio Grande do Sul e no mesmo contexto de diversidade encontrado para a formação em outras regiões no Brasil.

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

[Kurzrezensionen]

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Effect of the establishment of dominance relationships on cortisol and other metabolic parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the establishment of dominance relationships and social stress on plasma cortisol and metabolite levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). During the 30-day experiment, the fish weighing 236 ± 29 g were kept in individual aquaria, except for two pairings lasting 6 h each. Blood samples were taken from the animals before and after pairing. Display, approach, attack, rebuff, chase flight, and coloration were carried out on days 16 and 30. Activities and behaviors characteristic of the establishment of dominance relationships were described. It was possible to classify all experimental fish (N = 30) as dominant or subordinate. No differences were detected between dominant (N = 15) and subordinate (N = 15) fish during isolation or after pairing in cortisol (isolated: 5.76 ± 0.98 vs 5.42 ± 0.63; paired: 10.94 ± 1.62 vs 11.21 ± 2.45 µg/dl), glucose (isolated: 60.02 ± 4.9 vs 67.85 ± 16.16; paired: 110.44 ± 15.72 vs 136.26 ± 22.46 mg/dl), triglyceride (isolated: 167.87 ± 5.06 vs 185.68 ± 7.24; paired: 210.85 ± 13.40 vs 221.82 ± 12.70 mg/dl) or total protein levels (isolated: 7.01 ± 0.42 vs 6.69 ± 0.59; paired: 9.21 ± 0.62 vs 9.51 ± 0.66 g/dl). However, when isolated (N = 30) and paired (N = 30) tilapia were compared, there were significant differences in cortisol and metabolite levels. The similar response presented by dominant and subordinate tilapia indicates that establishment of dominance relationships was a stressor for both groups.

Hyperhomocystinemia in patients with coronary artery disease

Hyperhomocystinemia has been related to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in several studies. The C677T polymorphism for the gene that encodes the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme (MTHFR) and low plasma folate levels are common causes of hyperhomocystinemia. Due to differences in nutritional patterns and genetic background among different countries, we evaluated the role of hyperhomocystinemia as a coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor in a Brazilian population. The relation between homocysteine (Hcy) and the extent of CAD, measured by an angiographic score, was determined. A total of 236 patients referred for coronary angiography for clinical reasons were included. CAD was found in 148 (62.7%) patients and 88 subjects had normal or near normal arteries. Patients with CAD had higher Hcy levels [mean (SD)] than those without disease (14 (6.8) vs 12.5 (4.0) µM; P = 0.04). Hyperhomocystinemia (Hcy >17.8 µM) prevalence was higher in the CAD group: 31.1 vs 12.2% (P = 0.01). After adjustment for major risk factors, we found an independent association between hyperhomocystinemia and CAD (OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.02-6.14). Patients with a more advanced coronary score had a higher frequency of hyperhomocystinemia and tended to have higher mean Hcy levels. An inverse relation between plasma folate and Hcy levels was found (r = -0.14; P = 0.04). Individuals with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism had a higher prevalence of hyperhomocystinemia than those without the mutated allele. We conclude that hyperhomocystinemia is independently associated with CAD, with a positive association between Hcy level and disease severity.

Luonnonsuojelun uudet mahdollisuudet Pirkanmaalla : Pirkanmaan LUMO-ohjelman 1. vaiheen loppuraportti

Pirkanmaan LUMO-ohjelman tavoitteena on tehdä näkyväksi uudenlaisia luonnonsuojelun toimintatapoja, jotka laajentavat luonnonsuojelun mahdollisuuksia Pirkanmaalla. Ohjelman painopiste on luonnonsuojelun tavoissa, joissa luonnon monimuotoisuutta kehitetään aktiivisin toimenpitein. Niitä ovat esimerkiksi uusympäristöjen hoito ja vihreä infrastruktuuri. Pirkanmaan LUMO-ohjelma toteutettiin laadullisen tapaustutkimuksen menetelmien avulla. Pirkanmaan LUMO-ohjelmassa tarkastellaan yksityiskohtaisesti kuutta tapausta, jotka liittyvät täyttömaa-alueiden ja kiviainesten ottopaikkojen maisemointiin, hulevesirakentamiseen, lehtojen palauttamiseen ja metsien omatoimiseen suojeluun. Tapauksien tarkastelun avulla ohjelmassa muodostetaan käsitys niistä tavoista ja lähestymistavoista, joiden avulla luonnonsuojelun uudenlaisia toiminnan tapoja voidaan edistää. Lisäksi raportissa listataan lyhyesti muita esimerkkejä, joiden avulla luonnon monimuotoisuutta voidaan kehittää aktiivisesti. Pirkanmaan LUMO-ohjelma rahoitettiin Pirkanmaan liiton myöntämänä Euroopan aluekehitysrahaston osarahoittamana projektina (projektikoodi A32866). EAKR- ja valtionrahoituksen lisäksi projektia rahoittivat Pirkanmaan ELY-keskus, Tampereen kaupunki ja Suomen luonnonsuojeluliiton Pirkanmaan luonnonsuojelupiiri. Pirkanmaan LUMO-ohjelman tuottaja oli Suomen luonnonsuojeluliiton Pirkanmaan luonnonsuojelupiiri. Ohjelmatyön toteutti projektipäällikkö, ympäristöpolitiikan tutkija Jere Nieminen. Ohjelmatyö toteutettiin ajalla 1.8.2014 - 31.1.2015.