La question du latin

UANL

Cuenta general de ingresos de las rentas de la federación, correspondiente al cuadragésimo quinto año económico, de 1 de julio de 1869a 30 de junio de 1870 formada en el Ministerio de Hacienda

UANL

Determination of the nature of the diperiodatocuprate(III) species in aqueous alkaline medium through a kinetic and mechanistic study on the oxidation of iodide ion

The nature of the diperiodatocuprate(III) (DPC) species present in aqueous alkaline medium has been investigated by a kinetic and mechanistic study on the oxidation of iodide by DPC. The reaction kinetics were studied over the 1.0 ´ 10)3±0.1 mol dm)3 alkali range. The reaction order with respect to DPC, as well as iodide, was found to be unity when [DPC] [I)]. In the 1.0 ´ 10)3±1.0 ´ 10)2 mol dm)3 alkali region, the rate decreased with increase in the alkali concentration and a plot of the pseudo-®rst order rate constant, k versus 1/[OH)] was linear. Above 5.0 ´ 10)2 mol dm)3, a plot of k versus [OH)] was also linear with a non-zero intercept. An increase in ionic strength of the reaction mixtures showed no e ect on k at low alkali concentrations, whereas at high concentrations an increase in ionic strength leads to an increase in k. A plot of 1/k versus [periodate] was linear with an intercept in both alkali ranges. Iodine was found to accelerate the reaction at the three di erent alkali concentrations employed. The observed results indicated the following equilibria for DPC.

Photoconductivity studies on some semiconducting thin films for photovoltaic applications

Photoconductivity (PC) processes may be the most suitable technique for obtaining information about the states in the gap. It finds applications in photovoItaics, photo detection and radiation measurements. The main task in the area of photovoltaics, is to increase the efficiency of the device and also to develop new materials with good optoelectronic properties useful for energy conversion, keeping the idea of cost effectiveness. Photoconduction includes generation and recombination of carriers and their transport to the electrodes. So thermal relaxation process, charge carrier statistics, effects of electrodes and several mechanisms of recombination are involved in photoconductivity.A major effect of trapping is to make the experimentally observed decay time of photocurrent, longer than carrier lifetime. If no trapping centers are present, then observed photocurrent will decay in the same way as the density of free carriers and the observed decay time will be equal to carrier lifetime. If the density of free carriers is much less than density of trapped carriers, the entire decay of photocurrent is effectively dominated by the rate of trap emptying rather than by the rate of recombination.In the present study, the decay time of carriers was measured using photoconductive decay (PCD) technique. For the measurements, the film was loaded in a liquid Helium cryostat and the temperature was controlled using Lakshore Auto tuning temperature controller (Model 321). White light was used to illuminate the required area of the sample. Heat radiation from the light source was avoided by passing the light beam through a water filter. The decay current. after switching off the illumination. was measured using a Kiethely 2000 multi meter. Sets of PCD measurements were taken varying sample temperature, sample preparation temperature, thickness of the film, partial pressure of Oxygen and concentration of a particular element in a compound. Decay times were calculated using the rate window technique, which is a decay sampling technique particularly suited to computerized analysis. For PCD curves with two well-defined regions, two windows were chosen, one at the fast decay region and the other at the slow decay region. The curves in a particular window were exponentially fitted using Microsoft Excel 2000 programme. These decay times were plotted against sample temperature and sample preparation temperature to study the effect of various defects in the film. These studies were done in order to optimize conditions of preparation technique so as to get good photosensitive samples. useful for photovoltaic applications.Materials selected for the study were CdS, In2Se3, CuIn2Se3 and CuInS2• Photoconductivity studies done on these samples are organised in six chapters including introduction and conclusion.

Impact of zinc substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of chemically derived nanosized manganese zinc mixed ferrites

Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles (x=0-1) were synthesized by wet chemical co-precipitation techniques. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were effectively utilized to investigate the different structural parameters. The elemental analysis was conducted using energy-dispersive spectrum and inductively coupled plasma analysis. The magnetic properties such as magnetization and coercivity were measured using vibrating sample magnetometer. The observed magnetization values of the nanoparticles were found to be lower compared to the bulk counterpart. The magnetization showed a gradual decrease with zinc substitution except for a small increase from x=0.2 to 0.3. The Curie temperature was found to be enhanced in the case of ferrites in the nanoregime. The variation in lattice constant, reduced magnetization values, variation of magnetization with zinc substitution, the presence of a net magnetic moment for the zinc ferrite and the enhancement in Curie temperature in Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 all provide evidence to the existence of a metastable cation distribution together with possible surface effects at the nanoregime.

Age and growth of Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier, 1829) from Kodungallur, Azhikode Estuary, Kerala

The age and growth, length – weight relationship and relative condition factor of Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier, 1829) from Kodungallur, Azhikode Estuary were studied by examination of 396 specimens collected between May 2008 to October 2008. Here, length frequency method was used to study age and growth in fishes. L∞, K and t 0 obtained from seasonal and non - seasonal growth curves. Gerres filamentosus showed a low mortality rate (Z) 3.702 y-1. G. filamentosus has moderately low K value and long life span. The relation between the total length and weight of G. filamentosus was described as Log W = 1.321+2.5868 log L for males, Log W = 1.467 + 2.7227 log L for females and Log W = 1.481 + 2.7316 log L for sexes combined. The mean relative condition factor (Kn) values ranged from 0.9 to 1.14 for males, 0.89 to 1.11 for females and 0.73 to 1.08 for sexes combined. The length weight relationship and relative condition factor showed that the wellbeing of G. filamentosus were good. The morphometric measurements of various body parts were recorded. The morphometric measurements were found to be nonlinear and there is no significant difference observed between the two sexes.

On the total energy of two-electron atoms

Using the Multi-Configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method we calculate with 9 configuration state functions the correlation energy as well as the total energy of the lowest J = 0 ground state of all two-electron systems from H- to Thorium (Z = 90). A comparison with experimental data, which are available only in the low Z region, shows a very good agreement.

Encuentros matem??ticos entre centros

Se presenta experiencia educativa que propone la organizaci??n de actividades matem??ticas como punto de encuentro entre centros. Se realiza en el IES Emilio Mu??oz en Cogollos Vega, Granada. Los objetivos son: planificar y elaborar materiales matem??ticos; planificar y elaborar pruebas matem??tico-f??sico-deportivas; propiciar encuentros e innovaciones entre el profesorado de educaci??n f??sica, tecnolog??a, dibujo, franc??s, f??sica y qu??mica y matem??ticas; fomentar en el alumnado el gusto por las matem??ticas, mostrando una visi??n diferente de la acad??mica; aplicar los conocimientos a la resoluci??n de problemas y pruebas que lo requieran; fomentar el trabajo interdisciplinario; propiciar y organizar un nuevo encuentro matem??tico en Sierra Arana. El proceso consta de varias fases: elaboraci??n, ejecuci??n y evaluaci??n.

Una aproximación a la historia de la educación especial.

Segunda edición corregida por los autores. La primera es de 2001 y contiene un apéndice documental con textos seleccionados de Malinowski, Lévi-Strauss, Aguirre, Manjón y textos legislativos

Cultura hídrica, Blanca y su entorno : materiales de apoyo a la docencia.

Se realiza un recorrido por la cultura hídrica del municipio de Blanca (Murcia), analizando la evolución histórica de los sistemas y técnicas hidráulicas tradicionales de la huerta, los espacios agrarios y sistemas de riego. Tras un estudio detallado se pone de manifiesto el importante papel que desempeña el agua en este municipio a lo largo de la historia. El trabajo permite rescatar tradiciones de zonas rurales y de la huerta del Valle de Ricote y la Vega Media, respecto del manejo del agua, las técnicas empleadas y su evolución, es decir, todos aquellos elementos que configuran una cultura del agua.

Manual de experiencias para las Ciencias de la Naturaleza en EGB.

La Enseñanza de las Ciencias de la Naturaleza en EGB debe ser experimental haciendo posible al alumno el amor por la naturaleza. Enseñar a través de la investigación empleando el método científico (observar, medir, predecir, analizar, etc.) haciendo que el alumno aprenda a pensar, resolver e interpretar los problemas de la vida. El estudio de las Ciencias de la Naturaleza promoviendo el acercamiento entre la teoría y la práctica. En este manual se dan unos guiones de prácticas exponiendo ejemplos de programación. En cada unidad temática se da el enfoque general de la materia a estudiar, luego cada grupo de alumnos debe desarrollar las prácticas siguiendo un guión. El profesor supervisa el trabajo. Cuando termina un tema general hay una puesta en común para comentar las incidencias, dificultades, etc. Se tratan temas de Física, Química y Biología-Geología de EGB. El conjunto del manual supone un guión de prácticas en el que se exponen los objetivos de la práctica, la práctica, observaciones y cuestiones sobre la misma de modo que: 1. Se evidencie la unión entre las Ciencias Experimentales interesando de forma especial en los fenómenos que afectan a dos o más Ciencias. 2. Se desarrollen actitudes abiertas ante el desarrollo científico. 3. Adiestrar en el manejo de instrumentos y confección de gráficos. 4. Se desarrolle la creatividad, la objetividad y el rigor científico. Todo ello para poner al alumno en situación de llegar a un concepto. Como material complementario se utilizan proyecciones fílmicas. Se exponen unas prácticas y actividades educativas así como una bibliografía básica para el área de Ciencias Naturales en EGB que puede ser de utilidad para el profesor y hacen posible el acercamiento de la naturaleza al alumno y su desarrollo además, estas actividades hacen que se utilicen y manejen los medios de que disponen los centros públicos.

Achieving Real-Time Mode Estimation through Offline Compilation

As exploration of our solar system and outerspace move into the future, spacecraft are being developed to venture on increasingly challenging missions with bold objectives. The spacecraft tasked with completing these missions are becoming progressively more complex. This increases the potential for mission failure due to hardware malfunctions and unexpected spacecraft behavior. A solution to this problem lies in the development of an advanced fault management system. Fault management enables spacecraft to respond to failures and take repair actions so that it may continue its mission. The two main approaches developed for spacecraft fault management have been rule-based and model-based systems. Rules map sensor information to system behaviors, thus achieving fast response times, and making the actions of the fault management system explicit. These rules are developed by having a human reason through the interactions between spacecraft components. This process is limited by the number of interactions a human can reason about correctly. In the model-based approach, the human provides component models, and the fault management system reasons automatically about system wide interactions and complex fault combinations. This approach improves correctness, and makes explicit the underlying system models, whereas these are implicit in the rule-based approach. We propose a fault detection engine, Compiled Mode Estimation (CME) that unifies the strengths of the rule-based and model-based approaches. CME uses a compiled model to determine spacecraft behavior more accurately. Reasoning related to fault detection is compiled in an off-line process into a set of concurrent, localized diagnostic rules. These are then combined on-line along with sensor information to reconstruct the diagnosis of the system. These rules enable a human to inspect the diagnostic consequences of CME. Additionally, CME is capable of reasoning through component interactions automatically and still provide fast and correct responses. The implementation of this engine has been tested against the NEAR spacecraft advanced rule-based system, resulting in detection of failures beyond that of the rules. This evolution in fault detection will enable future missions to explore the furthest reaches of the solar system without the burden of human intervention to repair failed components.