Kansanedustaja, kauppalanjohtaja 5/3 1958

Kirje 5.3.1958

Aurooran sairaala 4/10 1967 Kunnallisneuvos Kyllikki Pohjala

Kirje 4.10.1967

Association of socioeconomic position with health behaviors and mortality

CONTEXT: Previous studies may have underestimated the contribution of health behaviors to social inequalities in mortality because health behaviors were assessed only at the baseline of the study. OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of health behaviors in the association between socioeconomic position and mortality and compare whether their contribution differs when assessed at only 1 point in time with that assessed longitudinally through the follow-up period. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Established in 1985, the British Whitehall II longitudinal cohort study includes 10 308 civil servants, aged 35 to 55 years, living in London, England. Analyses are based on 9590 men and women followed up for mortality until April 30, 2009. Socioeconomic position was derived from civil service employment grade (high, intermediate, and low) at baseline. Smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and physical activity were assessed 4 times during the follow-up period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: A total of 654 participants died during the follow-up period. In the analyses adjusted for sex and year of birth, those with the lowest socioeconomic position had 1.60 times higher risk of death from all causes than those with the highest socioeconomic position (a rate difference of 1.94/1000 person-years). This association was attenuated by 42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21%-94%) when health behaviors assessed at baseline were entered into the model and by 72% (95% CI, 42%-154%) when they were entered as time-dependent covariates. The corresponding attenuations were 29% (95% CI, 11%-54%) and 45% (95% CI, 24%-79%) for cardiovascular mortality and 61% (95% CI, 16%-425%) and 94% (95% CI, 35%-595%) for noncancer and noncardiovascular mortality. The difference between the baseline only and repeated assessments of health behaviors was mostly due to an increased explanatory power of diet (from 7% to 17% for all-cause mortality, respectively), physical activity (from 5% to 21% for all-cause mortality), and alcohol consumption (from 3% to 12% for all-cause mortality). The role of smoking, the strongest mediator in these analyses, did not change when using baseline or repeat assessments (from 32% to 35% for all-cause mortality). CONCLUSION: In a civil service population in London, England, there was an association between socioeconomic position and mortality that was substantially accounted for by adjustment for health behaviors, particularly when the behaviors were assessed repeatedly.

Treating high blood pressure: is reaching the target more important than the means? No, the means are important.

All major antihypertensive drug classes i.e. diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists and blockers of the renin-angiotensin system have been shown to effectively lower blood pressure and hence to reduce cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients. These drugs decrease cardiovascular complications in hypertension essentially because they reduce systemic blood pressure. Nevertheless, there is growing evidence that the extent of the benefits differed between drug classes suggesting that the various classes of antihypertensive agents are not equivalent in their ability to protect against target organ damages and cardiovascular and renal endpoints. More recently, evidence has also accumulated to demonstrate that even combination therapies are not equally effective in reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular complications in hypertension. These recent observations suggest that the means to lower blood pressure are as important as the achieved target blood pressure in the management of hypertensive patients.

Variaciones estacionales en la distribución y biomasa de anchoveta entre 1983 y 2000

Los resultados de 29 cruceros, realizados desde 1983 al 2000, muestran que la anchoveta ha presentado variaciones significativas en su biomasa y distribución, debido a los eventos El Niño 1982-83, 1987, 1992 y 1997-98, que la hicieron replegarse a la costa, migrar hacia el sur y profundizarse hasta lugares inusuales, disminuyendo los valores de las categorías de abundancia. Los mayores estimados de biomasa de anchoveta, se obtuvieron en los cruceros de evaluación hidroacústica de recursos pelágicos 9401-03 (8.700.590 t) y 0001-02 (9.439.027 t). La más alta biomasa estacional promedio por grados de latitud se determinó en primavera en los 8°5 (727.819 t), seguida del verano en los 11°s (701.724 t). Las altas biomasas promedio se encontraron entre los 7°S y 9° S. Los altos desembarques anuales promedio se registraron en verano (1.577.855 1). Los mayores desembarques se obtuvieron en 1994 (9.896.303 t) y en 1996 (7.136.856 t). Según el análisis de los parametros de biomasa y desembarques anuales entre los años de 1983 al 2000, se observa que existe una correlación significativa (r = 0,71) presentando un aceptable ajuste del modelo en R'•0,5 1.

Lolliguncula tydeus BRAKONIECKI, 1980 (Mollusca:Cephalopoda) registrado en Perú

Se da a conocer el primer registro del calmar Lollinguncula tydeus Brakoniecki, 1980, para el Perú. Su presencia esta asociada con Fenómenos El Niño. Se proporciona una breve descripción, datos morfométricos y merísticos e índices de esta especie, que se compara con Lolliguncula panamensis.

Carte de la mer Méditerranée pour servir à l'intelligence des événements politiques et des relations commerciales / A. M. Perrot géographe

Échelle(s) : [ca 1:8 533 000]

Construção de Bibliotecas Digitais em Contextos de info-exclusão: O caso da Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde

Com a falha dos mecanismos tradicionais de distribuição de recursos bibliográficos em países em desenvolvimento, as bibliotecas digitais apresentam-se como alternativa, não obstante os problemas da info-exclusão. Este artigo apresenta os desafios de construção de uma biblioteca digital (BD) num país em desenvolvimento. O caso de Cabo Verde é analisado em termos de utilização de bibliotecas digitais e suas potencialidades de combater as dificuldades de acesso a recursos bibliográficos no país. Este artigo apresenta igualmente um projecto em desenvolvimento, de construção de uma biblioteca digital na Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde.

Extensive gene traffic on the mammalian X chromosome.

Mammalian sex chromosomes have undergone profound changes since evolving from ancestral autosomes. By examining retroposed genes in the human and mouse genomes, we demonstrate that, during evolution, the mammalian X chromosome has generated and recruited a disproportionately high number of functional retroposed genes, whereas the autosomes experienced lower gene turnover. Most autosomal copies originating from X-linked genes exhibited testis-biased expression. Such export is incompatible with mutational bias and is likely driven by natural selection to attain male germline function. However, the excess recruitment is consistent with a combination of both natural selection and mutational bias.

[Saksan Demokraattisen Tasavallan Valtion Neuvoston Puheenjohtajan Willi Stophin valtiovierailu Suomeen 22.-25.10.1974] (Tasavallan Presidentin vastauspuhe puheenjohtaja Stophin tarjoamilla juhlapäivällisillä 24.10.1974 = Ansprache des Präsidenten der Republik beim Grand Diner gegeben dem Vorsitzenden des Staatsrates Stoph am 24.10.1974)

Puhe

Racionalização na utilização do sangue no Hospital Dr. Agostinho Neto

A transfusão sanguínea representa um dos possíveis tratamentos utilizados para restauração da oxigenação tecidual, restauração do volume sanguíneo no organismo e correcção dos distúrbios de coagulação. Quando realizada de forma insensata pode expor o receptor a sérias complicações, gerando aumento no custo do tratamento e propiciando desperdício de hemocomponentes. O presente trabalho objectiva analisar se as transfusões sanguíneas realizadas no Hospital Dr. Agostinho Neto foram coerentes com as normas internacionais de transfusão de hemocomponentes. Foi realizado um estudo transversal retrospectivo, envolvendo todos pacientes transfundidos durante o período de 91 dias. No período em causa foram realizadas transfusões de 452 unidades de hemocomponentes para o total de 509 unidades prescritas. Treze porcento das transfusões realizadas, abarcando pacientes com níveis de hemoglobina superiores a 7g/dL de sangue, referentes aos concentrados de hemácias e plasmas frescos congelados, não foram coerentes com as normas internacionais da transfusão sanguínea. A transfusão sanguínea é uma opção terapêutica em diversas situações clínicas e cirúrgicas, porém, o uso racional dos hemocomponentes promoveria a redução de riscos relacionados às transfusões, manutenção de estoques para situações de real necessidade, bem como diminuição de custos para o sistema de saúde.