O sistema de actos legislativos na 4ª revisão da Constituição Portuguesa: um “aprofundamento multidimensional” do princípio democrático

In, Revista de informação legislativa, v. 38, n. 149, jan./mar. 2001

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with H1N1 virus infection and visceral leishmaniasis in a 4.5-month-old infant

We present a case of a 4.5-month-old boy from Turkey with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) associated with H1N1 virus and Leishmania spp. coinfection. Because visceral leishmaniasis can mimic hematologic disorders like HLH, it is important to rule out this clinical condition before starting immunosuppressive therapy. In our case, treatment with liposomal amphotericin B resulted in a dramatic resolution of clinical and laboratory abnormalities.

Rotavirus G2P[4] and G2P[4]+[6] infections during norovirus gastroenteritis outbreak: summer season 2010, Brazil

IntroductionThis study aimed to monitor the seasonality of rotavirus infection, and gain insight into the variability of Brazilian strains.MethodsA total of 28 stool samples were analyzed from 698 revised cases of gastroenteritis during a norovirus outbreak in the summer of 2010 in Guarujá, Brazil. Diagnosis was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and sequencing.ResultsRotavirus infection was detected in 17.9% (5/28) of samples; 4 samples were G2P[4] genotype, and one G2P[4]+P[6] genotype. G2 and P[4] sequences showed a genetic relationship to strains from India and Russia, respectively.ConclusionsThe seasonal pattern of rotavirus may be a consequence of human activity apart from climate factors.

Clinical and serological evolution in chronic Chagas disease patients in a 4-year pharmacotherapy follow-up: a preliminary study

Introduction The role of trypanocidal therapy in the chronic phase of Chagas disease remains controversial. Methods A total of 13 patients with chronic Chagas disease were treated with benznidazole (5mg/kg/day/60 days) and surveyed via antibody measurement and conventional electrocardiogram over the course of 4 years. Results The antibody titers were significantly reduced after 4 years (p<0.05). Most of the patients showed maintenance of the initial clinical picture (electrocardiographic), with the exception of 4 cases. Conclusions Although trypanocidal therapy in the chronic phase of Chagas disease was of limited effectiveness, we believe that it is beneficial in treating these patients.

Impact of the IL-18 gene polymorphism in response to antiviral therapy in chronic HCV genotype 4 patients

^a Introduction Interleukin (IL)-18 is a well-known major proinflammatory cytokine with broad biological effects. The major immunomodulatory functions of IL-18 include enhancing T cell and natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Serum levels of this cytokine were shown to increase in chronic hepatitis C patients compared to non-infected healthy people. An association between IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms and pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin treatment outcomes has been reported for individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1). In this study, HCV genotype 4 (HCV-4) patients were assessed for IL-18 gene polymorphisms and treatment outcomes or severity of liver disease because data concerning the impact of IL-18 gene polymorphisms on patients with HCV-4 infections are limited. Methods This study included 123 chronic HCV-4 Egyptian patients and 123 apparently healthy volunteer blood donors who served as a control group. HCV genotyping was performed using the line probe assay. IL-18 genotyping was performed using the TaqMan Real-Time PCR method in all 246 patient and control samples. Results In our study, all patients had HCV-4. IL-18 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (-607C/A) genotype distributions and allele frequencies did not differ between HCV patients and normal healthy subjects or between patient groups when compared according to the therapeutic response. Moreover, the presence of an IL-18 SNP was not associated with histological disease severity. We conclude that the presence of the IL-18 SNP rs1946518 does not affect the outcome of chronic HCV-4 treatment in Egyptian patients. Conclusions The IL-18 SNP rs1946518 does not affect response to treatment in chronic HCV-4 patients.

Implementation of a zebrafish health program in a research facility : A 4-year retrospective study

In the past two decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio)-based research has contributed to significant scientific advances. Still, husbandry and health programs did not evolve at the same pace, as evidenced by the absence of general guidelines. Health monitoring is essential to animal welfare, to permit animal exchanges across facilities, to contribute to robust experimental results, and for data reproducibility. In this study, we report a health program implemented in a zebrafish research facility to prevent, monitor, and control pathogen, and disease dissemination. This program includes quarantine, routine health screening of sentinels, and nonroutine screenings of retired animals and sick/moribund individuals. An extensive list of clinical signs, lesions, and pathogens was monitored based on: daily observation of fish, necropsy, histology, and bacterial culture. The results indicate that the combined analysis of sentinels with the evaluation of sick/moribund animals enables a comprehensive description not only of pathogen prevalence but also of clinical and histopathologic lesions of resident animals. The establishment of a quarantine program revealed to be effective in the reduction of Pseudoloma neurophilia frequency in the main aquaria room. Finally, characterization of the colony health status based on this multiapproach program shows a low prevalence of lesions and pathogens in the facility.

Natural transovarial transmission of dengue virus 4 in Aedes aegypti from Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease in tropical areas. In Mato Grosso, outbreaks are reported every year, but studies on dengue in this state are scarce. METHODS: Natural transovarial infection of Aedes aegypti by a flavivirus was investigated in the Jardim Industriário neighborhood of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Eggs were collected with ovitraps during the dry, intermediate, and rainy seasons of 2012. After the eggs hatched and the larvae developed to adulthood, mosquitoes (n = 758) were identified and allocated to pools of 1-10 specimens according to the collection location, sex, and climatic period. After RNA extraction, multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR was performed to detect the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus and Saint Louis encephalitis virus. RESULTS: DENV-4 was the only flavivirus detected, and it was found in 8/50 pools (16.0%). Three of the positive pools contained females, and five contained males. Their nucleotide sequences presented 96-100% similarity with DENV-4 genotype II strains from Manaus, Amazonas. The minimum infection rate was 10.5 per 1000 specimens, and the maximum likelihood estimator of the infection rate was 11.6 (95% confidence interval: 4.8; 23.3). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence of natural transovarial infection by DENV-4 in Ae. Aegypti in Mato Grosso, suggesting that this type of infection might serve as a mechanism of virus maintenance during interepidemic periods in Cuiabá, a city where dengue epidemics are reported every year. These results emphasize the need for efficient vector population control measures to prevent arbovirus outbreaks in the state.

Análise comparativa das readmissões hospitalares nas Unidades Locais de Saúde (ULS) e nos Hospitais

RESUMO - Introdução: Os modelos organizacionais de saúde baseados na gestão integrada de cuidados têm permitido melhorar os resultados em saúde. A taxa de readmissão hospitalar (um indicador de resultados) tem diminuído nas instituições que adotaram aquele modelo de gestão. Em Portugal, a criação das Unidades Locais de Saúde, representa a adoção de um modelo baseado na gestão integrada entre os cuidados de saúde hospitalares, primários e continuados, pelo que importa comparar a taxa de readmissões hospitalares entre os hospitais com esse modelo e os restantes Hospitais. Metodologia: Determinaram-se as readmissões não planeadas a 30 dias nos hospitais públicos portugueses do Continente durante 2013, segundo a metodologia do Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service, que usa um algoritmo que identifica as readmissões que são habitualmente planeadas e podem ocorrer no prazo de 30 dias após a alta hospitalar. Foi calculada a taxa anual de readmissão por tipo de hospital e a sua frequência por género, faixa etária e para indivíduos com insuficiência cardíaca, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica, diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial. Resultados: Dos 692.211 episódios de internamento de 2013, 6,0% corresponderam a readmissões hospitalares não planeadas a 30 dias. Os episódios de internamento nas Unidades Locais de Saúde foram 72.725, sendo 6,6% readmitidos. Nos restantes Hospitais foram 619.486, sendo 6,0% readmitidos. A taxa de readmissão registada nos indivíduos do sexo masculino foi superior à do sexo feminino nas Unidades Locais de Saúde (7,6% vs. 6,0%) e nos restantes Hospitais (6,7% vs. 5,4%), não sendo esta diferença estatisticamente significativa (p> 0,05). Foram identificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p <0,05) nas taxas de readmissão por faixa etária, sendo as pessoas com 65 anos ou mais as que apresentaram a maior taxa de readmissão nas Unidades Locais de Saúde (10,3%) e nos restantes Hospitais (10,0%). Quando analisadas as readmissões por patologia, nas Unidades Locais de Saúde os doentes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica foram os que apresentaram a maior taxa de readmissão (17,5%) e os doentes com insuficiência cardíaca os que apresentaram a maior taxa de readmissão para os restantes Hospitais (16,4%). Conclusão: Em termos gerais, a frequência das readmissões nas Unidades Locais de Saúde é superior à dos restantes Hospitais. Os resultados obtidos podem indicar dificuldades na operacionalização do modelo de gestão adotado pelas Unidades Locais de Saúde, nomeadamente falhas na coordenação dos cuidados entre os diferentes níveis de prestação de cuidados.

Preoperative serum levels of ca 72-4, cea, ca 19-9, and Alpha-fetoprotein in patients with gastric cancer

INTRODUCTION: The clinical importance of preoperative serum levels of CA 72-4, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19-9, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was prospectively evaluated in 44 patients with gastric cancer. METHOD: The serum tumor marker levels were determined by commercial radioimmunoassay kits. Positivity for CA 72-4 (>4 U/mL), CEA (>5 ng/mL), CA 19-9 (>37 U/mL), and AFP (>10 ng/mL) were correlated according to the stage, histology, and lymph node metastasis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: CA 72-4 showed a higher positivity rate for gastric cancer (47.7%) than CEA (25%), CA 19-9 (25%), and AFP (0%). The combination of CA 72-4 with CEA and CA 19-9 increased the sensitivity to 61.4%. The positivity rates of CA 72-4 in patients at stages I and II (initial disease) and in patients at stages III and IV (advanced disease) were 9% and 60.6%, respectively (P < 0.005). No correlation was found between CEA and CA 19-9 levels and the stage of gastric cancer. There was a tendency of positivity for CA 72-4 to suggest lymph node involvement, but it was not significant (P = 0.075). Serum levels of tumor markers did not show a correlation with the histological types of gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: Preoperative serum levels of CA 72-4 provided a predictive value in indicating advanced gastric cancer.

Diffuse panbronchiolitis: an underdiagnosed disease? Study of 4 cases in Brazil

BACKGROUND: Diffuse panbronchiolitis is a clinical pathologic condition characterized by chronic inflammation of respiratory bronchioles, with clinical features that position it as a differential diagnosis among the sinopulmonary syndromes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We present 4 cases (1 Black, 2 Japanese descendants, and 1 Japanese), living in Brazil, in which the diagnosis was made by the clinical and radiological features and confirmed by transbronchial biopsy. The clinical findings included chronic sinusitis, productive cough, rhonchi, and wheezes. The pulmonary function tests showed an obstructive pattern. High resolution computerized tomography showed a diffuse nodular pattern, airway ectasia, and airway wall thickening. The biopsy showed interstitial accumulation of foam cells and lymphoid cells in the walls of respiratory bronchioles: 2 of our cases had bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue hyperplasia. We searched for the HLA Bw54 in all of our patients, but only 1 was positive. A low dose macrolide treatment was introduced, resulting in with clinical and functional improvement. A score that rated the extent of nodules, airway ectasia, mucus plugging, and airway wall thickening was applied on pre- and post-treatment High resolution computerized tomography results, revealing an improvement in tomographic pattern related to that observed in the pulmonary function tests. CONCLUSION: We conclude that diffuse panbronchiolitis is a systemic disease that is not exclusive to the Asian population, whose clinical and radiological features should be better known by occidental pulmonary physicians.

Aplicação do modelo HDM-4 na previsão do IRI para pavimentos rodoviários da rede nacional

Os modelos de previsão da degradação dos pavimentos são um elemento-chave para os sistemas de gestão dos pavimentos sendo utilizados para prever a evolução das suas condições de circulação. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer um modelo de previsão da evolução do indice de irregularidade longitudinal (IRI), principal indicador da qualidade funcional de um pavimento. Para tal, foram utilizados dados da base de dados da empresa Infraestrutruras de Portugal (IP). Esta mantém um programa de monitorização da rede com o objetivo de controlar a qualidade de serviço e gerir de forma consciente os recursos disponíveis. O modelo HDM-4 foi implementado em código do programa Matlab com o objetivo de apoiar este estudo. Primeiro, procedeu-se à avaliação da forma com que os parâmetros do modelo HDM-4 atuam sobre o valor do IRI no modelo HDM-4. Posteriormente, procurou-se ajustar os resultados obtidos efetuando calibrações, com o intuito de minimizar o erro entre os valores calculados e os valores medidos pela IP. Concluiu-se que é possível estabelecer modelos com base no modelo HDM-4, em pavimentos flexíveis, ajustados à rede rodoviária nacional. No entanto, para serem incluidos fatores que deveriam ser contabilizados no modelo, deverão ser realizadas algumas alterações na base de dados a utilizar.

Recensão: C. Cosmen Alonso; M. V. Herráez Ortega; M. P. Gómez-Calcerrada, (coord.), El intercambio artístico entre los reinos hispanos y las cortes europeas en la baja edad media

Recensão de: C. Cosmen Alonso; M. V. Herráez Ortega; M. P. Gómez-Calcerrada, (coord.). 2009. El intercambio artístico entre los reinos hispanos y las cortes europeas en la baja edad media. León: Universidad de León

História da arte e feminismo: uma reflexão sobre o caso português

A história da arte no contexto português rejeitou durante muito tempo os desafios que as abordagens feministas colocaram à disciplina, internacionalmente, desde a década de 1970. O feminismo vivido em Portugal durante esse período tentava ainda assegurar direitos básicos de igualdade jurídica entre mulheres e homens, inexistente até à década de 1970. E isto também pode ajudar a explicar a escassa inscrição teórica do feminismo no interior da academia. Para lá da globalização e circulação do conhecimento, a história da arte continua muito dependente das diferentes tradições historiográficas nacionais. Em certos países, como o Reino Unido ou os Estados Unidos da América, a história da arte fez uso dos instrumentos teóricos do feminismo para se questionar a si própria. Ou seja, perante a ausência do feminino, questionou os próprios paradigmas da disciplina – aqueles que invisibilizaram o feminino mas também aqueles que nunca questionaram porque é que a feminino era invisível. Como é que as abordagens feministas podem passar a integrar a história da arte portuguesa sem possuir uma genealogia, uma história feita das transformações e críticas teóricas que os próprios feminismos experimentaram ao longo de várias décadas naqueles contextos em que foram mais debatidos? Será que nos podemos apropriar das respostas sem antes termos feito as perguntas?