852 resultados para Ética - Aspectos históricos e filosóficos
Resumo:
Esta pesquisa surge da minha preocupação sobre os valores pedagógicos no ensino superior: quais são, quais os seus fundamentos filosóficos, como são concebidos e aplicados na prática docente e especificamente na formação de professores em um curso de Pedagogia. Os conhecimentos, saber-fazer, métodos e habilidades que são mobilizados diariamente, nas salas de aula, com o fim de formar outros professores, também são partes desta busca. O referencial fundamenta-se nas concepções de Paulo Freire sobre valores pedagógicos e sobre educação, a partir da sua visão antropológica, gnosiológica e política do ser humano e de uma sociedade mais justa e equilibrada. O objetivo freiriano é uma educação libertadora que supere as contradições entre opressores e oprimidos, para evitar, por meio da educação, que elas sejam mantidas ou resolvidas a partir de uma solução individual ou por meios violentos. Somente um conjunto de valores pedagógicos bem assimilados e praticados, por parte dos docentes e daqueles que participam do processo educativo, permitem a superação da opressão: diálogo, humildade, fé nos homens, pensar crítico, ética, amor. A aceitação e realização desses valores permitirão não somente melhorar a educação em si, mas a sociedade como um todo. A pesquisa inclui reflexões sobre o ensino brasileiro e a qualidade dos professores com relação ao agir na formação e na sua própria transformação individual como seres críticos, ao usar os valores pedagógicos objeto do pensamento de Freire. Como instrumentos metodológicos, foram utilizados: leitura de textos e artigos de Paulo Freire e de outros comentadores e educadores brasileiros e estrangeiros; questionários fechados que permitiram coletar dados sobre o clima e a cultura organizacional e verificar que a educação nacional ainda está presa a estruturas históricas tradicionais, as quais se manifestam em conteúdos e metodologias que não resolvem a crise educacional do nosso país. Esses questionários foram aplicados a alguns professores, escolhidos por amostragem, do curso de Pedagogia de uma instituição superior em São Paulo. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam que as opiniões dos professores entrevistados revelam um enfoque pouco participativo. Em alguns aspectos, eles demonstram que não há o hábito de diálogo sobre os problemas educacionais, como também não há abertura para medidas inovadoras que poderiam contribuir para com a qualidade do ensino e aprendizado. Isso demonstra o abismo entre o discurso e a prática docente colaborando para a falta de inspiração e de consciência crítica que todo profissional deve possuir, como valor pedagógico.(AU)
Resumo:
The present dissertation focuses on specific problems in the educational context: challenges in the construction of historical narratives for pedagogical use as well as the difficult task of using them in the classroom. In this context, we seek to work in teacher training for insertion of History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) in classroom, and historical narratives become mediation elements to advance the dialogue with this specific audience. This initiative is in line with a recurring concern: one of the main challenges related to the didactic transposition of HFC would be the lack of teacher preparation. Historical contents and Nature of Science are still absent in classrooms. Insecurity and lack of knowledge by teachers are often mentioned as factors that contribute to this situation. It is important, therefore, that teachers (active and in training) take part in discussions concerning the inclusion of HPS in classroom. It is relevant that they know examples of historic-philosophical didactic proposals to address science and contents on science, develop skills to adapt them to their specific contexts and to develop their own proposals. It is believed that these issues are significant to undertake conscious initiatives to insert HPS in classrooms. It is considered that adapting educational proposals to particular educational contexts depends on understanding what these proposals indeed mean and how flexible they can be. In order to address these objectives, we elaborated an educational product, a didactic material focused on teacher training, which was used in an extension course at UFRN. The didactic material discusses the role of HPS in Education, Nature of Science and historiographical issues. It presents a series of dialogical activities on aspects of didactic transposition of HPS, especially those regarding historical narratives. A set of historicpedagogical texts on the History of Vacuum and Atmospheric Pressure is used as a mediation element in discussions. We address potential, possibilities and limitations historical narratives. To carry out the course, it was taken into account methodological concerns of so-called action research. There have been expected changes, modifications and effective actions in the own teacher training material in face of the experience of the researcher-lecturer in interactions with the participants of the course as well as in face of impressions reported by the participants. Developments in this direction have been incorporated into the teacher training material.
Resumo:
This study aimed to characterize in a clinical and epidemiological way the patients who are on a waiting list for transplantation and the patients transplanted with corneal tissue in a corneal transplants reference service in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It is an epidemiological study of a quantitative approach, with cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical cut including all patients on the waiting list for transplantation (population A) and the patients already transplanted with a corneal tissue (population B) in a reference service. In population A, there was a census conducted of patients on the waiting list for corneal transplantation (n=62 patients). In population B, the sample was non-probabilistic and corresponded to all corneal transplants performed in the service in the period from 2010 to 2014 (n=258). This study is approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in Opinion 876 177 and CAAE 37533014.8.0000.5537. Data were collected in full in the period from January to April 2015, by two instruments built to systematize the necessary data collection. After being coded and tabulated, data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software, version 20.0. The definition of variables and their distribution patterns were presented as frequencies and measures of central tendency while, for multivariate analysis, the effect of magnitude measures were applied (prevalence ratio) and measures of association (chi-square test or Fisher's exact test) for a 0.05 significance level. The results are shown in two scientific articles coming from the field survey data. It was found that the epidemiological profile of patients on the waiting list (n=62) showed a prevalence of individuals aged over 50 years old, female (54.84%) and residents of the middle region of East Rio Grande do Norte (66.13%). The clinical profile of patients with corneal transplantation (n=258) was characterized by being male (51.16%) with an average age of 49.33 years old and 57.75% were coming from East Rio Grande do Norte. The average time on the waiting list was 172.63 days in elective transplants and 9.03 days in urgent transplants. Keratoconus was the main indicator condition to perform the transplant. For patients on the waiting list, the variable “type of disorder of the cornea” showed statistically significant association with gender and age. For patients with corneal transplants, the variable "type of disorder of the cornea" was associated with the variables gender, age, previous surgery, failure of previous graft, classification of the eye and glaucoma. By characterizing the clinical and epidemiological profile of corneal transplants, it is possible to question the reality, pointing about the care that should be offered and develop targeted interventions to collective and individual needs intrinsic to patients who need this surgery as a treatment option.
Resumo:
Research on Legal Deontology dedicated to theoretical and applied ethics on judicial conduct grounded in legal principles and rules set out in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Organic Law of the National Judiciary, also contemplating propositional instruments covered by the constitutional system, which conveys behavioural paradigms inserted in the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct, in the Universal Statute of the Judge and in the Latin-American Code of Judicial Ethics, as well as highlight the influence of those instruments in the Brazilian Ethical Code of the Magistrates and in the official complementary training of judges in charge of Judiciary Schools. The study provides the theoretical influxes of moral norm, passing by behavioural social norm to consolidate the ideal standards of judicial conduct into legal standards and related instruments. The Legal Deontology directed to the ethical judicial conduct is confronted with the stereotype that society expressed in relation to the judge's person, who is the political agent that interprets the law for making decisions which directly influences the realization of access to justice, that is constitutionally guaranteed to all. Core values inserted in the constitutional system intended to discipline the judicial conduct are presented and analysed under a critical view, since they are enclosed in prescriptive language that conveys behavioural aspects open to interpretation and which compliance is revealed as a proposition focused on promoting a better solution of interest’s conflicts under the responsibility of those who constitute the distinctive corporation of the Judiciary. The theme’s contextualization also focuses on applied ethics, based on the approach of normative and propositional instruments of deontological content, still focusing on the study of real cases examined by the Brazilian National Council of Justice, as part of its correctional goals.
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This paper examines the social dynamics of electronic exchanges in the human services, particularly in social work. It focuses on the observable effects that email and texting have on the linguistic, relational and clinical rather than managerial aspects of the profession. It highlights how electronic communication is affecting professionals in their practice and learners as they become acculturated to social work. What are the gains and losses of the broad use of electronic devices in daily lay and professional, verbal and non-verbal communication? Will our current situation be seriously detrimental to the demeanor of future practitioners, their use of language, and their ability to establish close personal relationships? The paper analyzes social work linguistic and behavioral changes in light of the growth of electronic communication and offers a summary of merits and demerits viewed through a prism emerging from Baron’s (2000) analysis of human communication.
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The detailed, rich and diverse Argaric funerary record offers an opportunity to explore social dimensions that usually remain elusive for prehistoric research, such us social rules on kinship rights and obligations, sexual tolerance and the role of funerary practices in preserving the economic and political organization. This paper addresses these topics through an analysis of the social meaning of Argaric double tombs by looking at body treatment and composition of grave goods assemblages according to gender and class affiliation. The Argaric seems to have been a conservative society, scarcely tolerant regarding homosexuality, and willing to celebrate ancestry associated to certain places as a means of asserting residence and property rights.
Resumo:
En los últimos años el término Economía Colaborativa se ha popularizado sin que, hasta el momento, haya sido definido de manera inequívoca. Bajo esta denominación se engloban experiencias tan diversas como bancos de tiempo, huertos urbanos, startups o grandes plataformas digitales. La proliferación de este tipo de iniciativas puede relacionarse con una multiplicidad de factores tales como el desarrollo tecnológico, la recesión económica y otras crisis superpuestas (medioambiental, de cuidados, de valores, de lo político) y un cierto cambio en los valores sociales. Entre 2014-2015 se han realizado dos investigaciones en Andalucía de manera casi paralela y con una metodología similar. La primera de ellas pretendía identificar prácticas de Economía Colaborativa en el entorno universitario. La segunda investigación identificaba experiencias de emprendimiento a nivel autonómico. A luz de los resultados obtenidos se plantea la siguiente cuestión sobre la naturaleza misma de la Economía Colaborativa: ¿nos encontramos ante prácticas postcapitalistas que abren el camino a una sociedad más justa e igualitaria o, más bien, estamos ante una respuesta del capital para, una vez más, seguir extrayendo de manera privada el valor que se genera socialmente? Este artículo, partiendo del análisis del conjunto de iniciativas detentadas en Andalucía, se centra en aquellas basadas en el software libre y la producción digital concluyendo cómo, gracias a la incorporación de ciertos aspectos de la ética hacker y las lógicas del conocimiento abierto, éstas pueden situarse dentro de un escenario de fomento de los comunes globales frente a las lógicas imperantes del capitalismo netárquico.
Resumo:
Traçar o perfil socioeconômico dos pacientes com úlcera venosa. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo, realizado com 50 pessoas no ambulatório de clínica cirúrgica do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes/HUOL, localizado no município de Natal/RN/Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando-se um roteiro de entrevista. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e armazenados numa planilha do software Excel e analisadas pela estatística descritiva. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE 0038.0.294.000-11. Resultados: idade média de 59,72 anos, 66% pertenciam ao sexo feminino, 60% possuíam companheiro, a média de estudos foi de 4,98 (±3,36) anos e a renda familiar 2,3 salários mínimos. Encontrou-se, portanto, o perfil de pessoas com úlcera venosa semelhante ao evidenciado na literatura. Conclusão: é imprescindível conhecer as características dessa clientela para desenvolver estratégias visando à melhoria de suas condições de saúde
Resumo:
The current study analyzes the birth and development of two strategic alliances established between shrimp producers in Rio Grande do Norte: the Unipesca and the Coopercam. To achieve this aim, two approaches which, at first sight, could be considered contradictory were used: the Transactional Costs Economy and Embeddedness. The first approach is fundamentally based in the studies of Williamson (1985; 1991; 1996; 1999; 2000; 2002). Embededness, on the other hand, went through the review of a series of authors, such as Burt (1992), Granovetter (1973; 1985), Uzzi (1997), Gulati (1994; 1995; 1997; 1998; 1999; 2000), Nielsen (2005), Ring (2002), Ring and Van de Ven (1994), Zafirovski (2002), among others. To analyze the birth and development of the cooperatives in this study, Gulati s work (1998) was used. This study shows the steps to be studied for a better comprehension of an alliance: the decision of starting an alliance and the choice of the partners, the decision about the governance structure, the evolution of the alliance and the development of the companies which established this partnership. To carry this study out, a study case accordingly to Yin s proposal (2001) was adopted. Semi-structured interviews with pre-defined plots were conducted in two phases: in the beginning of 2006 and in the beginning of 2007. The subjects from the research were, in 2006, representative members of the main associations and corporations, besides the shrimp producers from the state, when the context of the activity was set. In the second phase, in 2007, representative members from the two cooperatives that were listed above were interviewed the president from Coopercam and the marketing manager from Unipesca. Besides these two members, directors from two important organizations in each of these cooperatives were also interviewed, giving out the necessary information for the research. Secondary data was also collected from the Brazilian Association of Crab producers website, as well as from news from important newspapers in RN, such as Tribuna do Norte. The primary data was analyzed in terms of quality, accordingly to the documental analysis technique. Thus, through the data that was collected, it can be concluded that the reasons that motivated the companies to cooperate can be explained in terms of the transactional costs economy. However, the choice of partners is more connected to aspects approached by the social embededness. When aspects related to development and evolution were analyzed, it could be seen that both aspects from TCE and Embededness were vital to explain the development of the cooperatives mentioned
Resumo:
A tecnologia democratizou o acesso à informação, a competitividade das empresas do século XXI cada dia mais se baseia em conhecimento e as gestões das ações da administração pública ampliam a busca por um sistema coordenado, preocupado com a gestão eficiente que possa maximizar o retorno social, levando-se em consideração os direitos humanos fundamentais na esfera das relações informáticas. A administração pública avança em seus processos de aproximação com a sociedade, pautando-se cada dia mais nos benefícios proporcionados pela evolução dos processos de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), os serviços disponibilizados pelo governo eletrônico vêm ganhando espaço na vida da população (G2C). Diante desta evolução os aspectos de acessibilidade são uma diretriz clara e o Decreto Lei nº 5.296, define como barreiras nas comunicações e informações “qualquer entrave ou obstáculo que dificulte ou impossibilite a expressão ou o recebimento de mensagens por intermédio dos dispositivos, meios ou sistemas de comunicação, sejam ou não de massa, bem como aqueles que dificultem ou impossibilitem o acesso à informação; “ (BRASIL 2004). Após mais de 10 anos de promulgação da lei de Acessibilidade, é evidente que a qualidade dos serviços prestados pelo governo eletrônico só será efetiva se o instrumento de comunicação utilizado for realmente o facilitador da interação entre o cidadão e o governo, sem distinção do público utilizador de tais serviços. Esta pesquisa pretende avaliar aspectos de acessibilidade dos principais portais públicos brasileiros, sob a ótica de pessoas com limitação visual, avaliando ações, atividades e iniciativas conforme a abordagem da Engenharia Semiótica em prol das tecnologias assistivas de inclusão, permitindo a recomendação de requisitos para a construção de Portais Web Acessíveis em Multiplataforma, favorecendo a inclusão digital e maior independência dos mesmos.
Resumo:
This dissertation focuses on the theme of urban revitalization in historical centers. It starts from a survey of international and national concepts and experiences about the subject, in special, the historical center of Ribeira, in Natal, Brazil. It gives more attention to local management and it is dedicated to the study of objectives and actions developed, basically, by two segments that manage works in the district. Companhia Docas do Rio Grande do Norte aims at the economical development of the state and it implies the enlargement of capacity of loading and unloading of the harbor of Natal and the Natal city counsil aims at urban preservation and revitalization. It was analysed speeches ans projects related to Ribeira and it was discovered that Natal has done very little to revitalize its historical center in the last two dacades. It analyses what seemed, or at least, should be a conflict of interests between incompatible projects, revealing both conciliatory proceedings and connivance between the participants in decision making. The conclusion directs attentions to the threat to historical building in the city and the importance of enhancing discussion about the future of our historical sites
Resumo:
Acompanha: Dupla-hélice: a construção de um conhecimento
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El presente trabajo presenta la elaboraci?n de una unidad did?ctica dirigida a estudiantes de Licenciatura en Educaci?n B?sica con ?nfasis en Ciencias Naturales y Educaci?n Ambiental, en la cual se usa una problem?tica ambiental del contexto, el deterioro de la microcuenca del Rio Lili como un dinamizador del aprendizaje de este grupo de estudiantes en el curso de Problemas Ambientales II. Se pretende favorecer una relaci?n entre los aspectos te?ricos y los metodol?gicos y desarrollar una propuesta coherente y pertinente a las necesidades de la educaci?n ambiental, a la poblaci?n a la que va dirigida y a las transformaciones que implican las perspectivas de la complejidad. Esta propuesta se desarrolla mediante la metodolog?a de dise?o y elaboraci?n de una unidad did?ctica y se ha fundamentado y concretado en base a tres preguntas orientadas a por los objetivos, tales como ?C?mo se relacionan la Educaci?n Ambiental, las pol?ticas nacionales, la complejidad, la did?ctica y la problem?tica ambiental del Rio Lili?, ?Qu? caracter?sticas presenta el curso de problemas ambientales II y como contribuir en su mejor?a?, y ?C?mo dise?ar una unidad did?ctica y que estrategias utilizar para promover la comprensi?n de una problem?tica ambiental a estudiantes de profesorado?, las cuales adem?s nos orientan en las diferentes fases del dise?o y la elaboraci?n del material.
Resumo:
El an?lisis de una Pol?tica P?blica es un tema que atrae mucha atenci?n en los d?as que corren, demostrando que es una directriz que posee el gobierno para atender los asuntos relacionados con las problem?ticas en relaci?n, a las falencias en la defensa de los derechos humanos de las personas dentro de la sociedad que habitan. Por lo cual, la directriz principal ser? concentrar el esfuerzo en analizar la respuesta estatal hacia las personas en situaci?n de discapacidad tomando forma en el Acuerdo n?mero 0197 del Concejo de Santiago de Cali. Si bien la incidencia de esta pol?tica se evidencia en los efectos sobre el bienestar de la poblaci?n afectada en cuesti?n, se realizar? un an?lisis acerca de su ejecuci?n e implementaci?n en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali que permite tomar en cuenta a esta parte importante de la sociedad que requiere una atenci?n especial y urgente. Se logra, de esta manera, evidenciar las fortalezas y debilidades con que cuenta esta Pol?tica P?blica, aunque la respuesta gubernamental es d?bil en varios aspectos, es un buen comienzo para esta poblaci?n que requiere de un trato diferencial y que sus necesidades deben ser tenidas en cuenta por el Gobierno Municipal para que ?stos cuenten con el mayor nivel de vida posible y que, en la medida que se pueda, invitar a la materializaci?n de una equidad real frente a las dem?s personas que no presentan ninguna situaci?n de discapacidad. En conclusi?n, a trav?s de esta investigaci?n, se logra demostrar sin lugar a dudas, que luego de la ejecuci?n e implementaci?n la calidad de vida de estas personas aumenta, pero este crecimiento deber?a ser mayor, el Gobierno Municipal debe tener una respuesta m?s fuerte y pronunciada hacia ellos ya que uno de sus fines es brindarle a la sociedad las mejores condiciones para ejercer una vida digna.
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El siguiente trabajo de grado, el cual se constituye en una monograf?a, est? enmarcado en el campo de la Educaci?n Matem?tica Cr?tica, campo de investigaci?n de la Did?ctica de las Matem?ticas. Lo que se pretendi? al indagar en dicho campo de investigaci?n es que los maestros de matem?ticas que se encuentran ejerciendo, como aquellos que est?n en proceso de constituirse en los mismos, puedan reflexionar acerca de la formaci?n de los estudiantes como ciudadanos constructores de paz y convivencia escolar. Si bien la Educaci?n Matem?tica Cr?tica, no menciona directamente acerca de una educaci?n para la paz y la convivencia escolar, debido a que sus investigaciones y sus principios los centran primordialmente en otros campos, como los aspectos democr?ticos, y los aspectos sociopol?ticos de la educaci?n matem?tica, no obstante el siguiente trabajo de grado tom? algunas posturas, y las trato de integrar de manera conjunta con las competencias ciudadanas, formuladas por el Ministerio de Educaci?n Nacional - MEN (2004). Para lograr la viabilidad del anterior prop?sito, se indag? las competencias ciudadanas, y del mismo modo se investig? espec?ficamente las concernientes al campo de la instauraci?n de una educaci?n para la paz y la convivencia escolar, debido a que estos brindan una serie de elementos que hacen posible formar personas que sean capaces de convivir no solamente con su contexto escolar, sino tambi?n con su contexto social y cultural. Para alcanzar dichos prop?sitos se efectu? un an?lisis documental y de esta manera se respondi? a la problem?tica de investigaci?n. Posteriormente se presentaron las conclusiones que dieron lugar en este estudio. Adicional a ello se plante? una propuesta de intervenci?n educativa, la cual va alineada con los objetivos de este trabajo de grado.