735 resultados para social learning theory


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School of Management Studies,Cochin University of Science and Technology

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The study is significant from both an application perspective of marketing management as well as from an academic angle. The market for personal care products is a highly fragmented one, with intense competition for specific niche segments. It is well known in marketing literature that the bulk of the volume of sale is accounted for by the minority who are the heavy users. This study will help the marketers to identify the personality profile of such a group and understand how the interaction of personality factors at least partially explains differences in consumption. This knowledge might be useful for better segmentation using psychographic variables as well as for designing specific advertisement campaigns to target the vulnerable groups of customers. From a theoretical perspective, the research may contribute to understanding how specific personality variables and their interaction lead to differences in consumption. The knowledge corresponding to self theory, social comparison theory, persuasibility, evidence from psychology of eating disorders: these all may be integrated into a common frame work for explaining consumption of products having a social function.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the role of operational flexibility for effective project management in the construction industry. The specific objectives are to: a) Identify the determinants of operational flexibility potential in construction project management b) Investigate the contribution of each of the determinants to operational flexibility potential in the construction industry c) Investigate on the moderating factors of operational flexibility potential in a construction project environment d) Investigate whether moderated operational flexibility potential mediates the path between predictors and effective construction project management e) Develop and test a conceptual model of achieving operational flexibility for effective project management The purpose of this study is to findout ways to utilize flexibility inorder to manage uncertain project environment and ultimately achieve effective project management. In what configuration these operational flexibility determinants are demanded by construction project environment in order to achieve project success. This research was conducted in three phases, namely: (i) exploratory phase (ii) questionnaire development phase; and (iii) data collection and analysis phase. The study needs firm level analysis and therefore real estate developers who are members of CREDAI, Kerala Chapter were considered. This study provides a framework on the functioning of operational flexibility, offering guidance to researchers and practitioners for discovering means to gain operational flexibility in construction firms. The findings provide an empirical understanding on kinds of resources and capabilities a construction firm must accumulate to respond flexibly to the changing project environment offering practitioners insights into practices that build firms operational flexibility potential. Firms are dealing with complex, continuous changing and uncertain environments due trends of globalization, technical changes and innovations and changes in the customers’ needs and expectations. To cope with the increasingly uncertain and quickly changing environment firms strive for flexibility. To achieve the level of flexibility that adds value to the customers, firms should look to flexibility from a day to day operational perspective. Each dimension of operational flexibility is derived from competences and capabilities. In this thesis only the influence on customer satisfaction and learning exploitation of flexibility dimensions which directly add value in the customers eyes are studied to answer the followingresearch questions: “What is the impact of operational flexibility on customer satisfaction?.” What are the predictors of operational flexibility in construction industry? .These questions can only be answered after answering the questions like “Why do firms need operational flexibility?” and “how can firms achieve operational flexibility?” in the context of the construction industry. The need for construction firms to be flexible, via the effective utilization of organizational resources and capabilities for improved responsiveness, is important because of the increasing rate of changes in the business environment within which they operate. Achieving operational flexibility is also important because it has a significant correlation with a project effectiveness and hence a firm’s turnover. It is essential for academics and practitioners to recognize that the attainment of operational flexibility involves different types namely: (i) Modification (ii) new product development and (iii) demand management requires different configurations of predictors (i.e., resources, capabilities and strategies). Construction firms should consider these relationships and implement appropriate management practices for developing and configuring the right kind of resources, capabilities and strategies towards achieving different operational flexibility types.

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Given the substantial and increasing encroachment of trade agreements into almost every aspect of economic and social life, there is a pressing need for research that provides a more coherent framework for understanding the source and effectiveness of organised labour ’s power and capacity to influence international trade policy. Taking the union protests against the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) as a case study, this research uses core concepts derived from social movement theory to analyse the opportunities that existed for unions to influence these trade negotiations and their capacity to identify and take advantage of such opportunities. Importantly, it adds a power analysis designed to reveal the sources of power that unions draw on to take action. The research demonstrates that even where unions faced considerable constraints they were able to re-frame trade issues in a way that built broad support for their position and to utilise opportunities in the trade negotiation process to mobilise resistance against the GATS and further liberalisation of services. The theoretical framework developed for the research provides conceptual tools that can be developed for improving strategic campaign planning and for analytical assessment of past campaigns. The theoretical framework developed for this research has potential for further application as an analytical and strategic planning tool for unions.

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We present distribution independent bounds on the generalization misclassification performance of a family of kernel classifiers with margin. Support Vector Machine classifiers (SVM) stem out of this class of machines. The bounds are derived through computations of the $V_gamma$ dimension of a family of loss functions where the SVM one belongs to. Bounds that use functions of margin distributions (i.e. functions of the slack variables of SVM) are derived.

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The Support Vector (SV) machine is a novel type of learning machine, based on statistical learning theory, which contains polynomial classifiers, neural networks, and radial basis function (RBF) networks as special cases. In the RBF case, the SV algorithm automatically determines centers, weights and threshold such as to minimize an upper bound on the expected test error. The present study is devoted to an experimental comparison of these machines with a classical approach, where the centers are determined by $k$--means clustering and the weights are found using error backpropagation. We consider three machines, namely a classical RBF machine, an SV machine with Gaussian kernel, and a hybrid system with the centers determined by the SV method and the weights trained by error backpropagation. Our results show that on the US postal service database of handwritten digits, the SV machine achieves the highest test accuracy, followed by the hybrid approach. The SV approach is thus not only theoretically well--founded, but also superior in a practical application.

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We present an overview of current research on artificial neural networks, emphasizing a statistical perspective. We view neural networks as parameterized graphs that make probabilistic assumptions about data, and view learning algorithms as methods for finding parameter values that look probable in the light of the data. We discuss basic issues in representation and learning, and treat some of the practical issues that arise in fitting networks to data. We also discuss links between neural networks and the general formalism of graphical models.

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When training Support Vector Machines (SVMs) over non-separable data sets, one sets the threshold $b$ using any dual cost coefficient that is strictly between the bounds of $0$ and $C$. We show that there exist SVM training problems with dual optimal solutions with all coefficients at bounds, but that all such problems are degenerate in the sense that the "optimal separating hyperplane" is given by ${f w} = {f 0}$, and the resulting (degenerate) SVM will classify all future points identically (to the class that supplies more training data). We also derive necessary and sufficient conditions on the input data for this to occur. Finally, we show that an SVM training problem can always be made degenerate by the addition of a single data point belonging to a certain unboundedspolyhedron, which we characterize in terms of its extreme points and rays.

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Las redes sociales son una de tantas posibles explicaciones al por qué la gente se adhiere a los movimientos sociales y participa de sus luchas. Sin embargo, los acercamientos que se han hecho a la militancia desde las redes sociales tienden a ser rígidos, debido a que sólo diferencian entre los que militan y los que no militan, dejando fuera del espectro una gran cantidad de matices que existen entre las personas que pertenecen a un movimiento social determinado. Este estudio de caso trata de responder a este interrogante con el concepto de compromiso, el cual es un intento de matizar la militancia en un movimiento social desde la teoría de las redes sociales. Adicionalmente, esta investigación trata de acercarse al fenómeno poco conocido del ambientalismo al sur de Bogotá. El cual es un movimiento social joven, en pleno proceso de expansión, con muchos simpatizantes y militantes, pero poco conocido por la academia y por la gente que no habita este espacio.

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El trabajo se enmarca en las discusiones relacionadas con segregación espacial, segregación social y construcción de barrios mezclados. Específicamente, selecciona el caso de La Felicidad: ciudad parque en Bogotá como un ejemplo que sirve para analizar las políticas públicas enfocadas en disminuir la segregación residencial en la ciudad a partir de la construcción de un vecindario que está compuesto por vivienda de interés social y vivienda regular. A partir de métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos se analiza cómo esta funcionando esta propuesta urbana.

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El presente trabajo es una revisión de la literatura de investigación en Ciberpsicología centrada en las categorías de privacidad, intimidad, identidad y vulnerabilidad, y en la forma como estas se desarrollan en las redes sociales virtuales. Los principales hallazgos indicaron que son los jóvenes quienes dedican gran parte de su tiempo a interactuar en dichas redes, y a su vez, dado el manejo que les dan, tienen mayor exposición ante los posibles riesgos de estas, como el matoneo, las conductas auto lesivas, la explotación sexual y los trastornos de la alimentación. Se describen estos riesgos y se proponen posibles soluciones.

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Este artículo revisa hallazgos y modelos teóricos en torno a un aspecto del desarrollo de la teoría de la mente, a saber: la comprensión temprana de cómo se adquiere el conocimiento. La revisión realizada indica que mientras la investigación inicial sugiere que esta comprensión emerge a los cuatro años de edad, hallazgos recientes indican que se encuentra ya presente al final del primer año de vida. A partir de esto, la teoría emergente sobre el aprendizaje cultural propuesta por Tomasello y colaboradores propone la integración de ambos hallazgos en una misma trayectoria de desarrollo. A pesar de sus contribuciones, esta novedosa propuesta podría enriquecerse de dos distintas formas: 1) esclareciendo las diferencias específicas en cuanto a la capacidad del infante y la del niño preescolar para comprender los estados mentales como representaciones internas, y 2) especificando los mecanismos que subyacen la trayectoria de desarrollo de la comprensión del comportamiento como el producto de la actividad mental.

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La realización de la presente investigación surgió de la necesidad de un cambio de hábitos y/o estilos de vida, cimentado en el conocimiento proporcionado en la especialización de ejercicio físico para la salud, ampliando la gama de experiencia y habilidades como profesional en el área de la salud. Además servirá también para ayudar a todo aquel individuo sedentario a tomar conciencia de la práctica e implementación de la actividad física en la vida cotidiana y contrarrestar así factores de riesgo y antecedentes familiares, que lo lleven a desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. El presente proyecto de auto ejercitación tuvo como propósito central llegar a discernir el porque, en donde y como se cambiaron hábitos saludables por conductas sedentarias en un periodo de tiempo considerable para tomar las medidas pertinentes y empezar con una etapa de concientización y cambio de conducta

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El propósito de este estudio de caso es analizar la participación del Consejo Territorial de Cabildos y las organizaciones que lo componen en redes transnacionales medioambientales en el marco de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Se analiza el Sistema de las Naciones Unidas y los espacios en los cuales participan los pueblos indígenas, de manera especial, aquellos que se ocupan de temas ambientales, se hace una aproximación al surgimiento de la diplomacia de segunda via, reconstruyendo los movimientos sociales y la diplomacia indígena, para finalmente llegar a reconstruir la participación de las organizaciones que conforman el CTC en espacios del Sistema de las Naciones Unidas privilegiando temáticas ambientales, describiendo detallamente los repertorios de acción de los pueblos de la SNSM.

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A pesar de las múltiples inflexiones que en los últimos siglos se han dado en el mundo (Kuhn, 1962), aún se mantiene el empeño de entenderlo a través de un pensamiento limitado que debe conducir a una reflexión acerca de cómo se entiende y cómo evoluciona la vida. La transformación y el cambio de paradigmas de los últimos años no son más que una manifestación de la evolución del pensamiento humano y de las visiones de la realidad (Fritjof, 2004). La extensión del conocimiento es una respuesta a la inquietud social respecto a la necesidad sentida de un cambio en los modos de actuar y en las estructuras del pensamiento (innovación social), en la que se desarrolle un proceso de trasformación de las instituciones y la aplicación de los valores, para reorientar el curso del desarrollo humano, es decir, el curso de la realidad, para lo cual es necesaria una nueva visión de la vida.