Epidemiologia molecular do Vírus da imunodeficiência humana 1 (HIV-1) em mulheres (mães e grávidas) dos Estados do Acre e Tocantins, Brasil

A transmissão vertical é a principal fonte de infecção pelo HIV em crianças, e pode ocorrer antes, durante e depois do nascimento, dessa forma sendo um grande problema de saúde pública mundial. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever a epidemiologia molecular e o perfil de susceptibilidade/resistência das cepas de HIV-1 identificadas em mulheres nos estados do Acre e do Tocantins. Coletou-se amostra de sangue de 36 mulheres, sendo 9 grávidas e 16 mães de Palmas (Tocantins) e 1 grávida e 10 mães do Rio Branco (Acre) entre abril de 2007 a outubro de 2008. Realizou-se a técnica molecular Reação em Cadeia mediada pela Polimerase (PCR) Nested, para a amplificação de duas regiões genômicas (pro e tr) do DNA proviral, seguido de sequenciamento nucleotídico e análise filogenética. No Acre, tanto em relação ao segmento da protease quanto da transcriptase reversa, todas as amostras foram do subtipo B. Em Tocantins, quanto ao segmento da protease, todas as amostras pertenceram ao subtipo B, já em relação ao segmento da transcriptase reversa 87,5% foram do subtipo B e 12,5% pertencente ao subtipo F. No estado do Acre, todas as cepas analisadas foram suscetíveis aos inibidores de protease (IP) e apenas uma grávida de Tocantins (4,7%) apresentou cepa com resistência aos IP utilizados atualmente. Além disso, verificou-se uma baixa prevalência de cepas com mutações de resistência aos inibidores de transcriptase reversa nucleosídicos (ITRN) e não nucleosídicos (ITRNN), sendo que a resistência as três classes desses ARV foi observada em apenas uma amostra proveniente do estado do Tocantins. Dessa forma, a maioria das cepas de HIV isoladas mostrou susceptibilidade aos ARV utilizados, indicando que há baixa circulação de cepas do HIV resistentes a estes medicamentos nesses estados.

RT-PCR for confirmation of echovirus 30 isolated in Belém, Brazil

Echovirus (Echo) 30 or human enterovirus B is the most frequent enterovirus associated with meningitis cases. Epidemics and outbreaks of this disease caused by Echo 30 have occurred in several countries. In Brazil, Echo 30 has been isolated from sporadic cases and outbreaks that occurred mainly in the south and southeast regions. We used RT-PCR to examine Echo 30 isolates from meningitis cases detected from March 2002 to December 2003 in Belém, state of Pará, in northern Brazil. The patients were attended in a Basic Health Unit (State Health Secretary of Pará), where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected and stored in liquid nitrogen. Weekly visits were made by technicians from Evandro Chagas Institute to the health unit and samples were stored at -70ºC in the laboratory until use. HEp-2 and RD cell lines were used for viral isolation and neutralization with specific antisera for viral identification. RNA extraction was made using Trizol reagent. The RT-PCR was made in one step, and the total mixture (50 µL) was composed of: RNA, reaction buffer, dNTP, primers, Rnase inhibitor, reverse transcriptase, Taq polymerase and water. The products were visualized in agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide, visualized under UV light. Among the 279 CSF samples examined, 30 (10.7%) were EV positive, 29 being Echo 30 and one was Cox B. Nineteen Echo 30 were examined with RT-PCR; 18 tested positive (762 and 494 base pairs). The use of this technique permitted viral identification in less time than usual, which benefits the patient and is of importance for public-health interventions.

Expressão de fatores de transcrição da via de sinalização LIF/JAK/STAT no desenvolvimento embrionário inicial em bovinos

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Efeitos do laser e da terapia fotodinâmica no tratamento periodontal mecânico em ratas ovariectomizadas e sob influência sistêmica de nicotina: estudo histomorfométrico e imunoistoquímico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

TWIST1 Is a Molecular Marker for a Poor Prognosis in Oral Cancer and Represents a Potential Therapeutic Target

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Telomere and Telomerase Biology

Telomeres are the physical ends of eukaryotic linear chromosomes. Telomeres form special structures that cap chromosome ends to prevent degradation by nucleolytic attack and to distinguish chromosome termini from DNA double-strand breaks. With few exceptions, telomeres are composed primarily of repetitive DNA associated with proteins that interact specifically with double- or single-stranded telomeric DNA or with each other, forming highly ordered and dynamic complexes involved in telomere maintenance and length regulation. In proliferative cells and unicellular organisms, telomeric DNA is replicated by the actions of telomerase, a specialized reverse transcriptase. In the absence of telomerase, some cells employ a recombination-based DNA replication pathway known as alternative lengthening of telomeres. However, mammalian somatic cells that naturally lack telomerase activity show telomere shortening with increasing age leading to cell cycle arrest and senescence. In another way, mutations or deletions of telomerase components can lead to inherited genetic disorders, and the depletion of telomeric proteins can elicit the action of distinct kinases-dependent DNA damage response, culminating in chromosomal abnormalities that are incompatible with life. In addition to the intricate network formed by the interrelationships among telomeric proteins, long noncoding RNAs that arise from subtelomeric regions, named telomeric repeat-containing RNA, are also implicated in telomerase regulation and telomere maintenance. The goal for the next years is to increase our knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate telomere homeostasis and the means by which their absence or defect can elicit telomere dysfunction, which generally results in gross genomic instability and genetic diseases.

Heparin and dextran sulfate: their role on rsv infectivity

Respiratory syncytial virus is the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. Because there is currently no licensed vaccine for RSV, there is a substantial interest in the identification and development of RSV specific inhibitory agents. There are clinical evidences that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are potential inhibitors of viral infection. In this study, the performance of two GAGs (heparin and dextran sulfate) were compared for their antiviral and virucidal activities on RSV. Analysis was performed using an in vitro infection model where, previously to infection, Hep-2 cells or RSV were incubated with heparin or dextran sulfate. The presence of viral particles was analyzed by Reverse Transcriptase-Polimerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA). The results showed that viral infection was more efficiently inhibited when Hep-2 cells were pre-incubated with heparin or, when viral particles were pre-incubated with dextran sulfate. Our study suggest that, in the absence of cellular death, heparin and dextran sulfate reduce RSV infection by different mechanisms, antiviral and virucidal ones, respectively. These data contribute for recent medical, microbiology and biochemical studies which suggest that the use of antiviral and virucidal compounds as more effective treatment to control virus infections.

Biofilme estafilocócico: prevenção, detecção da produção e determinação do perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise da expressão de genes selecionados do herpevírus associado ao sarcoma de Kaposi (KSHV) em células TIVE-LTC expostas à proteína tat do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV-1)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Microbiota bucal de pacientes HIV positivos: relação com o uso de drogas antirretrovirais e condições de saúde

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Organização genômima e análise da expressão do gene hnRNP Q-like (Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A-like) retroinserido no cromossomo B de Astatotilapia latifasciata

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pectinases From Sphenophorus levis Vaurie, 1978 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Putative Accessory Digestive Enzymes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Induction, expression and characterisation of laccase genes from the marine-derived fungal strains Nigrospora sp. CBMAI 1328 and Arthopyrenia sp. CBMAI 1330

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Down-regulation of protease activated receptor 2, interleukin-17 and other pro-inflammatory genes by subantimicrobial doxycycline dose in a rat periodontitis model

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Pathology and virus tissue distribution of Turkey Coronavirus (TCoV) in experimentally infected chicks and turkey poults

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)