Diagnóstico informatizado de eficiência energética: uma proposta às agroindústrias

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As concepções de professores formadores em relação ao uso da história da matemática no processo ensino aprendizagem nos cursos de licenciatura em matemática

O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar as concepções de professores formadores de professores de Matemática com relação ao uso da história da Matemática no processo ensino aprendizagem, com a finalidade de compreender que idéias e metodologias esses professores formadores utilizam ao tratar de abordagens históricas ou ao ministrar as disciplinas de História da Matemática. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com o uso de entrevistas semi-estruturada com um grupo de nove professores que ministram aulas em instituições de Ensino Superior, em particular em cursos de Licenciatura Plena em Matemática. Ao analisar as falas desses professores, nossos sujeitos de pesquisa, buscamos compreender suas concepções e práticas ao tratar a história da Matemática. Elegemos três categorias de análise tendo como parâmetro as análises das entrevistas que foram: Primeiros Contatos com História da Matemática; Estratégias de Ensino e Potencialidades Pedagógicas; e Obstáculos ao uso da História da Matemática. Na primeira categoria aconteceram diferenças significativas, como o fato de cinco entrevistados argumentarem não ter mantido nenhum contato com história da Matemática enquanto estudantes de graduação e os outros quatro tiveram contato apenas em uma disciplina acompanhada apenas de um determinado livro-texto. Na segunda categoria percebemos que a estratégia de ensino utilizada pela maioria dos professores ao abordar a história da Matemática é unicamente através de seminários. Na terceira categoria cinco entrevistados argumentaram haver alguns obstáculos para o uso da história da Matemática no processo ensino aprendizagem destacando alguns desses obstáculos. O estudo das concepções dos professores pesquisados possibilitou destacar o papel da história da Matemática na formação do professor, como também reflexões sobre a aplicabilidade ou dificuldade do uso da história da Matemática no ensino aprendizagem e a contribuição da história da Matemática no desenvolvimento matemático e crítico do aluno.

Lei e liberdade na ADPF 130: uma leitura da decisão a partir de Hannah Arendt

Esta dissertação pretende analisar criticamente o julgado da ADPF 130, a luz do pensamento político de Hannah Arendt, em razão de conduzir o debate do significado da imprensa idônea para a promoção da liberdade de expressão quando torna efetivo o princípio da publicidade na esfera pública. O pensamento da autora contribui para avaliar criticamente a racionalidade do Poder judiciário brasileiro na decisão da ADPF 130 pelo fato deste conceber de modo questionável a imprensa ter o papel democrático de ser formadora de opinião pública e de compreender que qualquer lei para regulamentar a atividade midiática implica automaticamente em cair no risco da censura prévia. No capítulo I, o trabalho sumariza as argumentações propostas na ADPF para indicar que a maioria dos votos dos ministros se situa a partir das concepções gerais do liberalismo e as suas consequências para atuação da imprensa na democracia brasileira. Em seguida, na primeira parte do capítulo II serão apresentadas as principais características do pensamento político de Arendt contempladas nas obras A condição humana e Origens do totalitarismo, em uma perspectiva de situá-las na tradição política do pensamento político ocidental, expondo, de forma geral, os contornos de seu sistema político, como: distinção entre domínio público e domínio privado, vita activa e doxa e função da lei. Assim, passa-se a analisar, em momento posterior no capítulo II as manifestações do pensamento arendtiano em torno da liberdade de expressão e a repercussão do seu significado na imprensa idônea. O capítulo III posiciona o pensamento arendtiano na tradição política do mundo ocidental. Nele, Arendt aponta quando a liberdade política que se manifesta entre o eu-posso e eu-quero se dissocia, o qual ocasiona obstáculos para a aparição da doxa no agir em concerto entre os homens. Assim, equivocadamente a política passa a ser vista apenas como um velho truísmo de assegurar a liberdade. Compreendemos que, neste contexto, a imprensa é concebida pela maioria dos votos dos ministros com o papel de ser formadora de opinião pública pelo fato de considerarem implicitamente que vivemos numa democracia onde os homens não participam efetivamente na vida pública.

Igualdade e previdência social: aspectos igualitários da previdência brasileira sob a perspectiva de Ronald Dworkin

O trabalho objetiva avaliar a importância do sistema de Previdência Social brasileiro no contexto contemporâneo dos Direitos Humanos a partir de sua análise sob a perspectiva da teoria igualitária de Ronald Dworkin. São expostas de forma sistematizada ideias elementares sobre a igualdade no contexto contemporâneo, com destaque para duas teorias liberais em voga: a igualdade de capacidades de Amartya Sen e a igualdade de recursos de Ronald Dworkin, e são definidas as razões pelas quais se opta pela teoria da igualdade dworkiana. Em seguida são apresentadas as principais características do direito à previdência social, numa perspectiva de enquadramento na teoria dos Direitos Humanos, expondo de forma geral os contornos da Previdência brasileira. Depois, passa-se a analisar alguns pontos centrais do sistema de Previdência, a fim de testar a teoria igualitária em elementos práticos, verificando a sua aplicabilidade ou não diante da realidade concreta da Previdência nacional.

Objetos de Aprendizagem como recurso pedagógico em contextos inclusivos: subsídios para a formação de professores a distância

This article aims to contribute to the process of inclusion of students with disabilities in regular schools by reporting the results of a survey that aimed to verify whether Learning Objects (LO) are efficient tools in constructing teaching and learning of subject content within the inclusive education context. Participant, tutor and trainer experiences of a distance learning Ministry of Education (MEC) course on Assistive Technology were analyzed. The course was offered to public schools teachers from all over the country. The course activities were recorded in a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) called TelEduc, along with group reports of course participants. Three categories were selected for data analysis: a) interactivity and feedback from the team trainer; b) applicability of the content covered in the course, and c) new learning. The results showed that LO can promote the learning of subject content. Having been designed as educational resources to support teaching and learning, they can enhance educational inclusion of people with disabilities. As for the process of distance formation for teachers, the course contributed to consolidating sound and efficient training of participants by providing: a closer encounter with the world of technology, the possibility of integration of technology in the classroom; conducting theoretical and practical studies, appreciation of diversity and all students' potential; innovations in strategies and learning resources and reflective action.

Using a threaded framework to enable practical activities in Operating Systems courses

Teaching Operating Systems (OS) is a rather hard task, since being an OS designer is not a desired goal for most students and the subject demands a large amount of knowledge over system's details. To reduce the difficulty many courses are planned with laboratory practices, differing in how the practices are designed. Some try to implement next-to-real kernels, others use simulators, and even others use synthetic kernels. In this paper an approach based on synthetic kernels is described. It uses thread programming in order to establish control over the operating system components. T his approach allows the kernel to grow following the materials presented in the course. It has been successfully applied in two different courses at our University, the first one being a basic OS course and the second one an upper level course. Results from these applications are presented.

Assessing the potential of partial replacing of artemia by practical inert diet in the larviculture of the Amazon River prawn

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Analysing the fate of nanopesticides in soil and the applicability of regulatory protocols using a polymer-based nanoformulation of atrazine

For the first time, regulatory protocols defined in the OECD guidelines were applied to determine the fate properties of a nanopesticide in two agricultural soils with contrasting characteristics. The nanoformulation studied had no effect on the degradation kinetics of atrazine indicating that (1) the release of atrazine from the polymer nanocarriers occurred rapidly relative to the degradation kinetics (half-lives 36-53 days) and/or that (2) atrazine associated with the nanocarriers was subject to biotic or abiotic degradation. Sorption coefficients, derived from a batch and a centrifugation technique at a realistic soil-to-solution ratio, were higher for the nanoformulated atrazine than for the pure active ingredient. Results indicate that the nanoformulation had an effect on the fate of atrazine. However, since the protocols applied were designed to assess solutes, conclusions about the transport of atrazine loaded onto the nanocarriers should be made extremely cautiously. The centrifugation method applied over time (here over 7 days) appears to be a useful tool to indirectly assess the durability of nanopesticides under realistic soil-to-solution ratios and estimate the period of time during which an influence on the fate of the active ingredient may be expected. More detailed investigations into the bioavailability and durability of nanopesticides are necessary and will require the development of novel methods suitable to address both the "nano" and "organic" characteristics of polymer-based nanopesticides.

A new and practical carbon paste electrode for insoluble and ground samples

This work presents a new and simple electrode, which may be used to achieve the electrochemical response of ground solids or insoluble samples. Ore samples from Morro Velho Mine (Brazil) were employed to exemplify the use of such electrodes. The new electrode avoids the use of binders or other agents overcoming major deterioration problems. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

BIOMOLECULES EXTRACTED BY ATPS: PRACTICAL EXAMPLES

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ocular ultrasonography and ultrasound biomicroscopy: applicability in clinical and ophthalmic surgery

With the advent of high frequency transducers, the use of ocular ultrasound has become widely used because it provides definitions of major ocular structures. This diagnostic tool is useful in the evaluation of ophthalmic injuries, and also used for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of intraocular and orbital lesions. It is a noninvasive, safe and fast, easy to use and can be performed in an awake animal. The ocular ultrasonography is indicated in cases of ocular opacity, when the ophthalmic examination cannot be done, and in eyes with ocular trauma or suspected orbital disease. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a diagnostic tool with high cost and sedation or general anesthesia is necessary, but has the advantage of evaluating structures poorly defined or visualized in the anterior segment of the eye. Therefore, this paper aims to show the importance of ocular ultrasonography and UBM to veterinary practitioners, and to demonstrate its advantages and indications in ophthalmic routine.

Procedimentos para análise de lucratividade de produtos no setor de autopeças metálicas

In a globalized world, organizations face an increasingly dynamic, innovative and competitive environment, so that this condition requires continuous adaptation to market developments. Intense competition requires organizations to further improve their performance, making productive efficiency a key factor for survival. A methodology that has added value to the product through a reconfiguration of the production method is the implementation of a management philosophy called Lean Six Sigma. The main objective of this work is, in the light of the Lean Six Sigma philosophy, intervene in a critical-collaborative way to develop procedures for analyzing the profitability of products in a company specializing in steel processing. To achieve this goal, were applied the method of action-research to intervene in a group of professionals for the study of the profitability of products in a auto parts industry. The interaction of practical and theoretical knowledge provided by the action-research allowed the business program was enhanced. The procedures proposed in this study were able to identify the current profitability of the product, the main causes of inefficiency and productive for solutions to reduce production inefficiencies, when the productive systems planned and actual production system were compared. The results indicate that current profitability of -3%, while the parameter provided during budget was 10%. Thus, it is concluded that the low profitability of the products may compromise the company's financial results and affect their competitiveness in the market. To address this problem, the Lean Six Sigma presents itself as a versatile and high applicability philosophy, providing relevant results for characterization and troubleshooting. It was also observed that the evidence presented in this paper can be adapted to other companies in the metal auto parts segment to identify and recover the profitability of products

Escolarização de alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação: um apoio virtual

According to current legislation, is part of the Target of Special Education, students with high abilities/giftedness (HA/G). However, it appears that there are few studies on efficiency and effectiveness of diverse pedagogical practice for students with these characteristics. With increasing globalization, are multiplied opportunities for transnational education programs and educational services, particularly through the Internet, increasing the need for information services and accreditation of institutions and educational programs. This study aims to: a) develop a website containing information on high abilities/giftedness; b) evaluate the design of teachers on applicability of the site; c) analyze the contributions posted on the site. Therefore, it was available to the participants of this research produced site. Consisted on the site, among other information, those relating to HA/G indicators. Was sent a questionnaire via the Internet, with nine closed questions and two open, to 2000 teachers, registered in the database Improvement Course in Educational Practices Inclusive conducted by UNESP, under the coordination of Prof. Dr. Vera Lucia Messias Fialho Capellini. Data were considering frequency responses. For the treatment we used the Google Docs. As result Program Observed how teachers are lacking this subject deserves further Top depth. Concerning the site he was Considered by the participants as a support tool to the teacher, Which helps to identify and recognition of Individuals with HA/G and contributes to information, training and practical pedagogical way. This, is expected to Contribute to the dissemination of this issue in society as well as the Possibility of Minimizing the myths about this population, since such myths exist due to the lack of information

Biomolecules extracted by ATPs: practical examples

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)