Ant colony optimization for reporting cell planning in mobile computing using selective paging strategy

Location management problem that arise in mobile computing networks is addressed. One method used in location management is to designate sonic of the cells in the network as "reporting cells". The other cells in the network are "non-reporting cells". Finding an optimal set of reporting cells (or reporting cell configuration) for a given network. is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem. In fact this is shown to be an NP-complete problem. in an earlier study. In this paper, we use the selective paging strategy and use an ant colony optimization method to obtain the best/optimal set of reporting cells for a given a network.

Proėkt doma dli︠a︡ pereselelnt︠s︡ev

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Obezpechennostʻ zhivym inventarem, obsluzhivaemykh "Agro-dzhoǐntom" pereselent︠s︡ev Krivorogskogo raǐona, osevshikh na zemli︠u︡ v raznye sroki po dannym na 1oe i︠u︡li︠a︡ 1926 goda

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Professionalʻnyǐ sostav obsluzhivaemykh "Agro-dzoǐntom" pereselent︠s︡ev Krivorogskogo raǐona

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Proekt tipovogo samannogo doma pod gontovoǐ krysheǐ dli︠a︡ evreǐskikh pereselent︠s︡ev obsluzhzhivaemykh "Agro-dzhoǐntom"

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A Convenient Route for the Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxides Employing Solid-Solution Precursors

Synthesis of complex metal oxides by the thermal decomposition of solid-solution precursors (formed by isomorphous compounds of component metals) has been investigated since the method enables mixing of cations on an atomic scale and drastically reduces diffusion distances to a few angstroms. Several interesting oxides such as Ca2Fe03,5C, aCoz04,C a2C0205a, nd Ca,FeCo05 have been prepared by this technique starting from carbonate solid solutions of the type Ca,-,Fe,C03, Cal-,Co,C03, and Ca,-,,M,M'yC03 (M, M' = Mn, Fe, Co). The method has been extended to oxalate solid-solution precursors, and the possibility of making use of other kinds of precursor solid solutions is indicated.

Tipovoĭ zhiloĭ dom pereselent︠s︡ev evreev Khersonskogo okruga po planu stroitelʹstva 1926 goda

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Proekt doma dli︠a︡ pereselent︠s︡ev

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Proekt tipovogo samannogo doma pod cherepichnoĭ krysheĭ dli︠a︡ evreĭskikh pereselent︠s︡ev obsluzhivaemykh Agro-Dzhoĭntom

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Suomen ev-lut. kirkon diakonia- ja yhteiskuntatyön käsitys ihmisestä

Tutkielmassa selvitetään Suomen ev-lut. kirkon diakonia- ja yhteiskuntatyön käsitys ihmisestä systemaattisen analyysin metodilla. Lähteitä ovat vuosina 2003-2005 julkaistut kirkon diakonia- ja yhteiskuntatyötä määrittävät linjaukset: Kirkko kaikille. Suomen evankelis-luterilaisen kirkon vammaispoliittinen ohjelma , Kirkon päihdestrategia , Usko, toivo ja rakkaus voimavaraksi vanhuudessa. Kirkon vanhustyön strategia 2015 ja Vastuun ja osallisuuden yhteisö. Diakonia- ja yhteiskuntatyön linja 2010 . Tutkielma jakaantuu johdantoon, taustalukuun, kahteen analyysilukuun ja loppukatsaukseen, jossa esitellään tutkimuksen tulokset. Taustaluvussa luodaan katsaus siihen, millä tavalla diakonian ihmiskäsitystä on määritetty suomalaisessa diakonian teologiassa. Luvussa tulee ilmi, että ihmistä on pidetty ennen kaikkea Jumalan ihmisenä, Jumalasta määräytyy, mitä ihminen on. Erityisesti on painotettu ihmisen luotuisuutta Jumalan kuvaksi. Toinen painotus on erityisesti viime aikoina ollut se, että ihminen tulee diakoniassa kohdata kokonaisvaltaisena olentona, hänen kaikki tarpeensa huomioon ottaen. Tähän liittyen diakonian ihmiskäsitykseen ovat vaikuttaneet ja vaikuttavat monien tieteiden, mm. hoitotieteen ja psykologian ihmiskuvat. Tämän tutkimuksen lähteissä ihminen nähdään ensinnäkin Jumalan kuvaksi luotuna, ehdottoman arvokkaana olentona. Toiseksi ihminen on koinonian, yhteisön jäsen, ja koinoniassa hän tulee myös autetuksi. Näitä kahta teemaa käsitellään luvuissa kolme ja neljä. Se, että ihminen on Jumalan kuva tarkoittaa lähteissä sitä, että ihmisellä on aina ja kaikissa olosuhteissa ehdoton arvo. Hän on ominaisuuksistaan riippumatta tasavertainen kaikkien muiden ihmisten kanssa. Lähteiden mukaan uusliberalismi uhkaa tätä ihmisen ehdotonta arvoa, sillä uusliberalismissa ihmisen arvo määräytyy hänen hyödyllisyytensä perusteella. Jumalan kuvaksi luodulla ihmisellä on myös itsemääräämisoikeus, hän ei saa olla pakkoauttamisen kohde. Lisäksi hänellä on vastuu itsestään, toisista ja ympäristöstä. Edelleen ihminen on kokonaisvaltainen olento monenlaisine tarpeineen, ja sellaisena häntä tulee diakoniassa myös auttaa. Luvun neljä alkuosassa analysoidaan lähteille keskeistä käsitettä koinonia , yhteys, osallisuus. Koinonia diakonia- ja yhteiskuntatyön visiona tarkoittaa lähteissä seurakuntapainotteista diakoniaa, jossa tärkeää on yhteisöllisyys ja osallisuus, seurakunnan kokeminen omaksi yhteisöksi. Koinonia-teologiaan kuuluu myös yhteisöllisyyden merkityksen korostaminen muissa yhteisöissä. Tämänlainen yhteisöllisyyden korostus on lähellä monia muita seurakunnan ja yhteisöllisyyden merkitystä korostavia diakonian malleja. Koinonia-teologia tulee diakonia- ja yhteiskuntatyöhön ekumeenisista keskusteluista, mutta sillä on myös paljon yhteyksiä mm. luterilaiseen diakonian teologiaan, jossa kommuuniolla, yhteisöllä, on keskeinen rooli. Tällainen koinonia-teologia olettaa ihmisen olevan yhteisöllinen olento, jota ei niinkään nähdä yksilönä, vaan yhteisön jäsenenä. Parantavassa yhteisössä hän tulee myös parhaiten autetuksi. Koinoniassa jako diakoniatyön subjekteihin ja objekteihin katoaa, sillä koinonian idea on, että kaikki auttavat vuorollaan toinen tosiaan, ja kaikki ihmiset ovat sekä antavia että saavia osapuolia.

A Modified Dubins Method for Optimal Path Planning of a Miniature Air Vehicle Converging to a Straight Line Path

This paper presents a Dubins model based strategy to determine the optimal path of a Miniature Air Vehicle (MAV), constrained by a bounded turning rate, that would enable it to fly along a given straight line, starting from an arbitrary initial position and orientation. The method is then extended to meet the same objective in the presence of wind which has a magnitude comparable to the speed of the MAV. We use a modification of the Dubins' path method to obtain the complete optimal solution to this problem in all its generality.

Automatic Path Planning and Control Design for Autonomous Landing of UAVs using Dynamic Inversion

In this paper a nonlinear control has been designed using the dynamic inversion approach for automatic landing of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), along with associated path planning. This is a difficult problem because of light weight of UAVs and strong coupling between longitudinal and lateral modes. The landing maneuver of the UAV is divided into approach, glideslope and flare. In the approach UAV aligns with the centerline of the runway by heading angle correction. In glideslope and flare the UAV follows straight line and exponential curves respectively in the pitch plane with no lateral deviations. The glideslope and flare path are scheduled as a function of approach distance from runway. The trajectory parameters are calculated such that the sink rate at touchdown remains within specified bounds. It is also ensured that the transition from the glideslope to flare path is smooth by ensuring C-1 continuity at the transition. In the outer loop, the roll rate command is generated by assuring a coordinated turn in the alignment segment and by assuring zero bank angle in the glideslope and flare segments. The pitch rate command is generated from the error in altitude to control the deviations from the landing trajectory. The yaw rate command is generated from the required heading correction. In the inner loop, the aileron, elevator and rudder deflections are computed together to track the required body rate commands. Moreover, it is also ensured that the forward velocity of the UAV at the touch down remains close to a desired value by manipulating the thrust of the vehicle. A nonlinear six-DOF model, which has been developed from extensive wind-tunnel testing, is used both for control design as well as to validate it.

Use of ecological information in urban planning

Urbanization leads to irreversible land-use change, which has ecological consequences such as the loss and fragmentation of green areas, and structural and functional changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These consequences diminish ecosystem services important for human populations living in urban areas. All this results in a conflict situation: how to simultaneously meet the needs of city growth and the principles of sustainable development, and especially conserve important green areas within and around built-up areas? Urban planners and decisionmakers have an important role in this, since they must use the ecological information mainly from species and biotope inventories and biodiversity impact assessments in determining the conservation values of green areas. The main aim of this thesis was to study the use of ecological information in the urban land-use planning and decisionmaking process in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland. At first, the literature on ecological-social systems linkages related to urban planning was reviewed. Based on the review, a theoretical and conceptual framework for the research on Finnish urban setting was adapted. Secondly, factors determining the importance and effectiveness of incorporation of ecological information into the urban planning process, and the challenges related to the use of ecological information were studied. Thirdly, the importance and use of Local Ecological Knowledge in urban planning were investigated. Then, factors determining the consideration of urban green areas and related ecological information in political land-use decisionmaking were studied. Finally, in a case study illustrating the above considerations, the importance of urban stream ecosystems in the land-use planning was investigated. This thesis demonstrated that although there are several challenges in using ecological information effectively, it is considered as an increasingly important part of the basic information used in urban planning and decisionmaking process. The basic determinants for this are the recent changes in environmental legislation, but also the increasing appreciation of green areas and their conservation values by all the stakeholders. In addition, Local Ecological Knowledge in its several forms can be a source of ecological information for planners if incorporated effectively into the process. This study also showed that rare or endangered species and biotopes, and related ecological information receive priority in the urban planning process and usually pass through the decisionmaking system. Furthermore, the stream Rekolanoja case indicates that planners and residents see the value of urban stream ecosystem as increasingly important for the local health and social values, such as recreation and stress relief.

Planning neighbourhoods for all ages and abilities: A multi-generational perspective

Taking a more integrated approach to planning our neighbourhoods for the continuum of inhabitants’ ages and abilities makes sense given our current and future population composition. Seldom are the built environment requirements of diverse groups (e.g. children, seniors, and people with disability) synthesised, resulting in often unfriendly and exclusionary neighbourhoods. This often means people experience barriers or restriction on their freedom to move about and interact within their neighbourhood. Applying universal design to neighbourhoods may provide a bridging link. By presenting two cases from South-East Queensland (SEQ), Australia, through the lenses of different ages and abilities - older children with physical disabilities and their families (Stafford 2013, 2014) and seniors (Baldwin et al. 2012), we intend to increase recognition of users' needs and stimulate the translation of knowledge to the practice of planning inclusive neighbourhoods.

Arts, gentrification, and planning for creativity

Recent decades have seen an almost obsessive focus on creativity in an urban development context. Yet, creativity has come to be prized not so much for the intrinsic values of imagination, innovation and experimentation as for the possibility to exploit these qualities as a means of urban revitalization and wealth generation. This policy emphasis has both contributed to the misplaced assumption that artistic activity causes gentrification and displacement while, at the same time, often setting in motion programs that are detrimental to the creative environments such policies claim to support. It is time to end the current approach to creative city planning, which treats the arts as amenities to catalyze land development and lure upscale consumption.