987 resultados para parent training


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Several studies over the last few years have shown that newly arising (de novo) mutations contribute to the genetics of schizophrenia (SZ), autism (ASD) and other developmental disorders. The strongest evidence comes from studies of de novo Copy Number Variation (CNV), where the rate of new mutations is shown to be increased in cases when compared to controls [23, 24]. Research on de novo point mutations and small insertion-deletions (indels) has been more limited, but with the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, such studies are beginning to provide preliminary evidence that de novo single-nucleotide mutations (SNVs) might also increase risk of SZ and ASD [25, 26] Advanced paternal age is a major source of new mutations in human beings [27] and could thus be associated with increased risk for developing SZ, ASD or other developmental disorders. Indeed, advanced paternal age is found to be a risk factor for developing SZ and ASD in the offspring [28, 29] and new mutations related to advanced paternal age have been implicated as a cause of sporadic cases in several autosomal dominant diseases, some neurodevelopmental diseases, including SZ and ASD, and social functioning. New single-base substitutions occur at higher rates at males compared to females and this difference increases with paternal age. This is due to the fact that sperm cells go through a much higher number of cell divisions (~840 by the age of 50), which increases the risk for DNA copy errors in the male germ line [30] . By contrast, the female eggs (oocytes) undergo only 24 cell divisions and all but the last occur during foetal life. The aim of my project is to determine the parent-of-origin of de novo SNVs, using large samples of parent-offspring trios affected with schizophrenia (SZ). From whole exome sequencing of 618 Bulgarian proband-offspring trios affected, nearly 1000 de novo (SNVs or small indels) have been identified and from these, the parent-of-origin of at least 60% of the mutations (N=600) can be established. This project is contained in a main one that consists on the determination of the parental origin of different types of de novo mutations (SNVs, small indels and large CNVs).

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La formació de traductors implica l´ús de procediments i eines que permetin els estudiants familiaritzar-se amb contextos professionals. El software lliure especialitzat inclou eines de qualitat professional i procediments accessibles per a les institucions acadèmiques i els estudiants a distància que treballen a casa seva. Els projectes reals que utilitzen software lliure i traducció col·laborativa (crowdsourcing) constitueixen recursos indispensables en la formació de traductors.

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Résumé L'enquête commence par une relecture des aventures valaisannes (Suisse) du faux-monnayeur Joseph-Samuel Farinet dans les années '70 du XIXe siècle. Selon les témoignages de l'époque, la sympathie des femmes fut un atout décisif pour le faux-monnayeur: c'étaient souvent elles qui lui donnaient à manger et à boire, l'aidaient et le soutenaient. Comme pour les grands héros de la littérature et du cinéma, son attrait sur les femmes a grandement contribué à son succès et aux mythes qu'il a inspirés. De ce point de vue, l'histoire de Farinet est intéressante. En effet, si nous étudions dans un contexte précis (le val de Bagnes, dans le Valais occidental) le milieu social d'où provenaient les femmes en contact avec le faux-monnayeur, on constate qu'elles étaient issues de familles très particulières quant aux comportements sexuels : des familles qui avaient mis au monde plusieurs enfants illégitimes ou conçus hors mariage. En même temps, on peut observer une relation entre comportements sexuels et attitudes politiques. Les groupes parentaux qui manifestent le plus grand nombre de comportements proscrits par la morale catholique sont clairement des groupes radicaux ou qui comptent plusieurs membres dans le milieu libéral-radical. Malgré les nuances inévitables, l'enquête permet d'intégrer les comportements sexuels dans l'analyse sociale et politique : d'intégrer donc des variables trop souvent négligées, come la vie sexuelle, dans l'interprétation historique. Des facteurs tels que la liberté de comportement par rapport à la morale catholique, l'attitude par rapport à l'autre sexe, deviennent dans cette perspectives des variables influentes de la vie politique et sociale. Les comportements sexuels différents, les scandales et les incompréhensions qu'ils provoquent, contribuent ainsi à la polarisation politique et sociale qui caractérise le Val de Bagnes, comme beaucoup d'autres régions alpines, pendant le XIXe siècle. En d'autres mots : les conflits politiques qui agitent la société du XIXe siècle ne sont pas dus uniquement à des idées politiques différentes, mais en partie aussi à des attitudes divergentes envers la famille, la sexualité, la religion, à des attitudes différentes envers l'autre sexe.

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L'article constituant le présent travail de thèse décrit une recherche évaluant les similarités entre l'inhibition comportementale chez des enfants et leurs parents respectifs durant l'enfance, ainsi que l'association éventuelle entre l'inhibition et les attitudes parentales. L'inhibition comportementale - définie comme une prédisposition de l'enfant à réagir avec réticence et angoisse à des situations inhabituelles - est une caractéristique de tempérament qui apparaît tôt dans la vie et est relativement stable dans le temps. L'intérêt qui y est associé repose sur son association avec des conséquences développementales négatives pour l'individu: risque accentué chez les enfants d'inadaptation scolaire, de dysfonctionnement social et de sentiments de détresse; facteur de risque en ce qui concerne le développement ultérieur de troubles psychiatriques de l'adulte, dont les troubles anxieux en particulier. Nous avons dès lors investigué dans cette recherche 1) la présence d'une association entre l'inhibition comportementale actuelle des enfants et celle rétrospective de leurs parents, dans ses deux dimensions spécifiques, soit sociale (« peurs à l'école ») et non-sociale (« peurs générales »), et 2) si ces dimensions d'inhibition étaient associées au niveau de chaleur, d'affectivité et de soutien prodigués par les parents. C'est à partir de la récolte d'auto-questionnaires remplis dans le contexte d'une vaste étude initiée à Lausanne en 1994, que nous avons extrait un échantillon de 453 enfants scolarisés en 6/7ème années et 741 de leurs parents biologiques respectifs. Les analyses ont porté sur les auto-questionnaires évaluant, chez les enfants, leurs degrés d'inhibition comportementale, de symptomatologie psychiatrique actuelle et de perception de chaleur, d'affectivité et de soutien reçu de la part des parents, et, en ce qui concerne les parents, des auto¬questionnaires évaluant rétrospectivement leurs degrés d'inhibition comportementale durant l'enfance et de symptomatologie psychiatrique actuelle. La comparaison des scores des enfants avec ceux de leurs parents sur les échelles de l'inhibition comportementale (CSRCI-Child version of the Self-Report of Child Inhibition - et RSRI - Retrospective Self- Report of Inhibition -), montre la présence d'une similarité significative pour chacune des dimensions spécifiques, suggérant que les enfants de parents ayant présenté une inhibition comportementale dans l'enfance sont plus à risque d'en développer une à leur tour. Nous avons par ailleurs pu établir, au cours d'analyses complémentaires, que cette association se maintenait après l'ajustement des degrés de symptomatologie psychiatrique respectifs des enfants et de leurs parents, ce qui a permis d'écarter ce facteur confondant potentiel. Bien que la nature de cette association ne puisse être élucidée par cette recherche, le fait que la taille de l'effet soit modeste suggère qu'un rôle important dans le développement de l'inhibition soit joué par des facteurs environnementaux non partagés dans une famille. Un de ceux-ci semble suggéré par l'association négative qui apparaît dans cette étude entre le degré d'inhibition dans sa dimension « peurs à l'école » et l'attitude parentale: un bas niveau de chaleur, d'affectivité et de soutien perçu par l'enfant de la part de ses parents aurait ainsi une influence sur le développement de peurs en situations sociales en particulier. Alternativement, cette association négative pourrait suggérer que les peurs de l'enfant aient une influence négative sur le développement d'une attitude parentale de soutien ou, du moins, sur la perception de celle-ci par l'enfant. Il est aussi bien évidemment envisageable que ces processus interagissent dans une boucle de rétroaction. Seules des études longitudinales pourraient nous éclairer sur la nature de cette association. Quoi qu'il en soit, ce résultat présente un intérêt clinique pour orienter des interventions de prévention du développement de troubles psychiatriques chez des enfants inhibés, en proposant d'agir, soit directement sur les attitudes parentales, soit sur les peurs de l'enfant ainsi que sur les caractéristiques perçues par l'enfant de l'attitude parentale. Des études longitudinales sur les ressemblances entre les parents et leurs enfants concernant l'inhibition comportementale, incluant des études de jumeaux, d'enfants adoptés et de familles, sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre les interactions entre les facteurs génétiques, familiaux et environnementaux dans le développement de l'inhibition comportementale des enfants.

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Iowans who travel secondary roads regard these roads as a very important part of their lives. These highways provide a means of transporting products to market and children to school. They are also links to nearby cities and towns. Nearly 3.8 billion vehicle miles of travel occur each year on Iowa's nearly 90,000 mile secondary road system. Accidents do happen. However, improvements in highways, in vehicles, in driver education, in legislation, and in enforcement have combined to make driving in Iowa very safe. If our highways are to remain safe, these efforts need to be continued. This presentation was developed to help county highway department personnel in their effort to maintain and improve highway safety. The presentation is not a standard, specification or regulation.

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This review summarizes the rationale for personalized exercise training in obesity and diabetes, targeted at the level of maximal lipid oxidation as can be determined by exercise calorimetry. This measurement is reproducible and reflects muscles' ability to oxidize lipids. Targeted training at this level is well tolerated, increases the ability to oxidize lipids during exercise and improves body composition, lipid and inflammatory status, and glycated hemoglobin, thus representing a possible future strategy for exercise prescription in patients suffering from obesity and diabetes.

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Context: Ovarian tumors (OT) typing is a competency expected from pathologists, with significant clinical implications. OT however come in numerous different types, some rather rare, with the consequence of few opportunities for practice in some departments. Aim: Our aim was to design a tool for pathologists to train in less common OT typing. Method and Results: Representative slides of 20 less common OT were scanned (Nano Zoomer Digital Hamamatsu®) and the diagnostic algorithm proposed by Young and Scully applied to each case (Young RH and Scully RE, Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology 2001, 18: 161-235) to include: recognition of morphological pattern(s); shortlisting of differential diagnosis; proposition of relevant immunohistochemical markers. The next steps of this project will be: evaluation of the tool in several post-graduate training centers in Europe and Québec; improvement of its design based on evaluation results; diffusion to a larger public. Discussion: In clinical medicine, solving many cases is recognized as of utmost importance for a novice to become an expert. This project relies on the virtual slides technology to provide pathologists with a learning tool aimed at increasing their skills in OT typing. After due evaluation, this model might be extended to other uncommon tumors.

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Endurance training improves exercise performance and insulin sensitivity, and these effects may be in part mediated by an enhanced fat oxidation. Since n-3 and n-9 unsaturated fatty acids may also increase fat oxidation, we hypothesised that a diet enriched in these fatty acids may enhance the effects of endurance training on exercise performance, insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation. To assess this hypothesis, sixteen normal-weight sedentary male subjects were randomly assigned to an isoenergetic diet enriched with fish and olive oils (unsaturated fatty acid group (UFA): 52 % carbohydrates, 34 % fat (12 % SFA, 12 % MUFA, 5 % PUFA), 14 % protein), or a control diet (control group (CON): 62 % carbohydrates, 24 % fat (12 % SFA, 6 % MUFA, 2 % PUFA), 14 % protein) and underwent a 10 d gradual endurance training protocol. Exercise performance was evaluated by measuring VO2max and the time to exhaustion during a cycling exercise at 80 % VO2max; glucose homeostasis was assessed after ingestion of a test meal. Fat oxidation was assessed by indirect calorimetry at rest and during an exercise at 50 % VO2max. Training significantly increased time to exhaustion, but not VO2max, and lowered incremental insulin area under the curve after the test meal, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. Those effects were, however, of similar magnitude in UFA and CON. Fat oxidation tended to increase in UFA, but not in CON. This difference was, however, not significant. It is concluded that a diet enriched with fish- and olive oil does not substantially enhance the effects of a short-term endurance training protocol in healthy young subjects.

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Traditionally, Live High-Train High (LHTH) interventions were adopted when athletes trained and lived at altitude to try maximising the benefits offered by hypoxic exposure and improving sea level performance. Nevertheless, scientific research has proposed that the possible benefits of hypoxia would be offset by the inability to maintain high training intensity at altitude. However, elite athletes have been rarely recruited as an experimental sample, and training intensity has almost never been monitored during altitude research. This case study is an attempt to provide a practical example of successful LHTH interventions in two Olympic gold medal athletes. Training diaries were collected and total training volumes, volumes at different intensities, and sea level performance recorded before, during and after a 3-week LHTH camp. Both athletes successfully completed the LHTH camp (2090 m) maintaining similar absolute training intensity and training volume at high-intensity (> 91% of race pace) compared to sea level. After the LHTH intervention both athletes obtained enhancements in performance and they won an Olympic gold medal. In our opinion, LHTH interventions can be used as a simple, yet effective, method to maintain absolute, and improve relative training intensity in elite endurance athletes. Key PointsElite endurance athletes, with extensive altitude training experience, can maintain similar absolute intensity during LHTH compared to sea level.LHTH may be considered as an effective method to increase relative training intensity while maintaining the same running/walking pace, with possible beneficial effects on sea level performance.Training intensity could be the key factor for successful high-level LHTH camp.

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The Department of Education, Division of Community Colleges, will annually provide the State Board of Education with the Workforce Training and Economic Development Fund Annual Progress Report. Administration and oversight responsibility for the fund was transferred from the Iowa Economic Development Authority to the Iowa Department of Education effective July 1, 2013 (FY 2014). This report is the first annual progress report produced and distributed by the Iowa Department of Education. The full report outlines the programs, projects, and initiatives that the community colleges have implemented during the past fiscal year.

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Els present document te com objectiu detallar el procés que s¿ha dut a terme per la implementació d¿una aplicació que permeti a un esportista l¿enregistrament tant de entrenaments com competicions. Per la implementació de dita aplicació s¿ha escollit Java com a llenguatge de programació i concretament J2EE com la arquitectura a utilitzar.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of aerobic training in the context of antioxidant supplementation on systemic oxidative stress and leukocytes heat shock protein (Hsp)72 expression in the elderly. DESIGN: Sixteen septuagenarians (8 males and 8 females, mean age 74.6) were supplemented with Vitamin C and E (respectively 500 and 100mg per day) and randomly assigned either to sedentary (AS) or individualized aerobically trained (AT) group for 8 weeks. METHODS: Plasma Vitamin C and E concentrations and aerobic fitness, as well as resting and post graded exercise (GXT) Hsp72 expression in leukocytes, plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) were measured pre and post training / supplementation. RESULTS: At the end of the intervention, the two groups showed a significant increase in resting plasma vitamin C and E (approximately 50 and 20% increase respectively) and a significant decrease in both resting and post GXT plasma TBARS and AOPP (approximately 25 and 20% decrease respectively). These changes were of similar magnitude in the two groups. The reduced oxidative stress was concomitant with a 15% decreased expression of Hsp72 in monocytes and granulocytes in both groups. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that in elderly, increased concentration of antioxidant vitamins C and E is associated with a reduction in oxidative stress and leukocytes Hsp72. In this context, 8 weeks of aerobic training has no impact on oxidative stress or leukocytes Hsp72 expression in elderly people.

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Hispanics are a large and growing part of the United States workforce. Projections of the U.S. Census Bureau (2001) state that, by the year 2050, Hispanics will account for 25% of the population. For the Midwest in particular, the Hispanic population is expected to increase 35% by the year 2025. The construction industry is expected to experience a greater percentage increase of its Hispanic population, due to the labor-intensive nature of the industry. This study addresses the expected increase of Hispanic workers in the construction industry by testing the best approaches for delivering training to construction crews with Hispanic workers as well as American supervisors and laborers in the state of Iowa. The research methodology consisted of assessing the effects on communication, safety, work environment, and productivity as a result of the integration training. Results show that integration on-site training decreases workers’ desire to move and increases quality of work and productivity. Most importantly, experimental design was used to show the increasing levels of direct construction communication due to the Toolbox Integration Course for Hispanic Workers and American Supervisors (TICHA) designed as part of this project. This study recommends the creation of a quasi-governmental or association program that can offer continuous research and training that can benefit the construction industry as well as society as a whole. The industry involvement in this process is crucial for contractors. Not only do contractors benefit from reduced insurance premiums when workers act safely, but workers with better communication skills are more productive.