Potencial do óleo de Aloysia citriodora Palau no controle de fitopatógenos e na indução de resistência ao tombamento de plântulas de feijão, pepino e beterraba

The crops are affected by pests and diseases that decrease productivity. Among them are the damping off of seedlings that can occur in pre and post-emergence. In bean crops, cucumber and beet these diseases occur, being caused by various pathogens, especialy fitopathogenic fungi. Several measures are used for the controle of such diseases, among them, is the chemical seed treatment fungicides. However, society has become increasingly concerned about the quality and food and environmental contamination, generation a growting search for sensitive products to humans and the environment. The use of essential oils to control plant pathogens is an example of alternative tested by science in the search for less aggressive technologies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the use of essential oil Aloysia citriodora, in control of pathogens causing damping off in beans, cucumber and beet. This thesis was divided in four chapters, the introductory first, and the other addressing the control of Pythium sp. in beans, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on cucumber, and Fusarium sp. on beet. The methodology consisted of four experiments in each pathosystem, with all the work done at the Federal Technological University of Parana, Campus Dois Vizinhos. In the first experiment evaluated the fungistatic and fungicidal effect of the essential oil of A. citriodora on PDA in vitro in mycelial growth of pathogens studied. In the second experiment evaluated the in vitro effect of essential oil concentrations of A. citriodora in BD medium on microscope slides, on the germination of sporangia Pythium sp. and conidia Fusarium sp., and in Petri dishes with PDA medium, the sclerotia germination speed index of S. sclerotiorum. In the third experiment, we evaluated in germination test in paper roll (PR), the phytotoxic effect or not the use of essential oil concentrations of A. citriodora in dry bean seed, cucumber and beet. The variables used to assess this experiment were the germination percentage, mediun green mass per plant and average length of seedlings. In the fourth experiment we assessed the effect of treating bean seeds, cucumber and beet with essential oil contents of A. citriodora, seeds in their subsequent substrates contamined with pathogens studied, Pythium sp., S. sclerotiorum and Fusarium sp. In this experiment we used the following variables: percentage of emergence, percentage of post-emergence damping off, green average mass per plant, average length per plant and biochemical analyzes. The biochemistry of plant tissues evaluated were as follows: protein content, enzymatic activities of peroxidases, phenylalanine ammonia-liase (PAL), chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases. The in vitro results show that the essential oil has fungistatic and fungicidal effect on mycelial growth, on sporangia germination, conidia and sclerotia of the pathogens studied in this work, wich may be related to its major components, citral and limonene. The oil also exhibits low phytotoxicity to seeds of the species studied, only in beans decreases germination in most studied dosage (0,25%), cucumber also in the higher dosage (0,25%) reduce the length of seedlings, and beet there were no negative effects to the seedlings. In the test in substrate contaminated with the pathogens, the use of essential oil: increased germination and decreased post emergence damping off of beans seedlings; at a concentration of 0,0625% decreases post emergence damping off in cucumber. In biochemical analyzes found an increase in the enzymatic activity of peroxidases and β-1,3-glucanases on beans, and glucanases on cucumber, and increased enzyme activity of peroxidases on beet, showing action in resistance induction at damping off.

Caracterização fisio-molecular de cultivares de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) em resposta à deficiência hídrica

The identification of genotypes for drought tolerance has a great importance in breeding programs. The aim of this study was to characterize genotypes of beans in response to drought tolerance in different reproductive stages through physiologic, agronomic and molecular analysis. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, using a randomized block design with four replicates; 10 cultivars: ANFC 9, ANFP 110, BRS Esplendor, BRSMG Realce, IPR Siriri, IPR Tangará, IPR Tuiuiu, IPR Uirapuru, IAC Imperador and IAC Milênio under two conditions of irrigation: plants irrigated during their entire life cycle, and plants under irrigation suppression in the reproductive stage (R7) until 16% of field capacity, when the irrigation was restored. In the last four days of stress, the gas exchanges were analyzed, and in the last day of stress was analyzed the percentage of closed stomata in the abaxial surface of the leaves, collected in different times of the day (9h, 12h, 15h and 18h). Additionally, plant samples were collected for the following analysis: fresh and dry mass of leaves, stems and legumes, and proline content in leaves and roots. The plants were harvested at the physiological maturity and the yield components and grain yield were determined. In addition, in order to identify polymorphisms in the sequences of promoters and genes related to drought, seven pairs of primers were tested on the group of genotypes. The drought susceptibility indexes (ISS) ranged from 0.65 to 1.10 in the group of genotypes, which the lowest values observed were for IAC Imperador (0.65) and BRS Esplendor (0.87), indicating the ability of these two genotypes to maintain grain yield under water stress condition. All genotypes showed reduction in yield components under water stress. IAC Imperador (43.4%) and BRS Esplendor (60.6%) had the lowest reductions in productivity and kept about 50% of the stomata closed during all the different times evaluated at last day of irrigation suppression. IAC Imperador showed greater water use efficiency and CO2 assimilation rate under drought stress. IPR Tuiuiú, IPR Tangará and IAC Imperador had the highest proline concentrations in the roots. Under water stress condition, there was a strong positive correlation (0.696) between the percentage of stomata closed with the number of grains per plant (0.696) and the fresh mass of leaves (0.731), the maximum percentage of stomata closed 73.71% in water stress. The accumulation of proline in the root was the character that most contributed to the divergence between the genotypes under water deficit, but not always the genotypes that have accumulated more proline were the most tolerant. The polymorphisms in DNA of coding and promoting sequences of transcription factors studied in this experiment did not discriminate tolerant genotypes from the sensitive ones to water stress.

Una charla con José Gutiérrez Gómez : y en el poder ser más duro con los de arriba y más blando con los de abajo

Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo

El cuero duro: (Caso de estudio en mercadeo estratégico)

"Peletería A" fue fundada en febrero de 1978, cuando dos representantes de ventas de firmas diferentes, relacionadas con la industria del cuero (curtiembres y sintéticos), Alfonso Clavo y el señor Jesús M. Puntilla (fallecido), decidieron crear una peletería con el propósito de obtener unos ingresos adicionales. Fue así como en un barrio del centro de la ciudad, en un local pequeño, se empezaron a vender al detal artículos como cuero, tacones, pegantes, tintas, puntillas, etc.

Coordenação entre as respostas da catalase e da ascorbato peroxidade em folhas de feijão caupi submetidas a diferentes fontes de peróxido de hidrogênio

The plants are often exposed to variations in environmental conditions that may trigger metabolic disturbances leading to a consequent loss in productivity of crops. These stressful conditions usually induce an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, a condition known how oxidative stress. Among these species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important molecule involved in numerous signaling mechanisms. The present study aimed to understand the relationship between the different enzymatic mechanisms of elimination of H2O2 by catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaf tissues of seedlings of the species Vigna unguiculata L. Walp, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by application of CAT inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT), and H2O2 itself on the roots. Three experiments were conducted. The first experiment was performed applying the compound 3-AT (5 mM) during the time (hours). In the second experiment, seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 mM) for 48 h. The third strategy included the pre-treatment with H2O2 (2.5 mM) for 24 h, followed by subsequent treatment with the inhibitor 3-AT and recovery control condition. Treatment with 3-AT causes a strong inhibition of CAT activity in leaf tissues accompanied by an increase of activity of APX. However a decrease in oxidative damage to lipids is not observed as indicated by TBARS. It was observed that activity of APX is directly linked to the content of peroxide. Inductions in the activities of CAT and APX were observed mainly in the seedlings treated with 2.5 mM H2O2. This can be associated with a decrease in oxidative damage to lipids. In contrast, one same tendency was not observed in treatments with higher concentrations of this ROS. These results suggest that the concentration of 2.5 mM H2O2 can induce responses antioxidants later in seedling cowpea. This concentration when applied as pre-treatment for 24 h promoted an induction systems removers CAT and APX, both in activity and in terms of gene expression. However this increment was not observed in the recovered plants and the plants subsequently subjected to 3-AT. Additionally, the pretreatment was not sufficient to attenuate the inhibition of CAT activity and oxidative damage to lipids caused by the subsequent application of this inhibitor. The results showed that the application of 3-AT and H2O2 in the root systems of seedlings of cowpea promote changes in the parameters analyzed in leaf tissues that indicate a direct response to the presence of these factors or systemic signaling mecanisms. H2O2 appears to activate the responses of two antioxidant systems in this study thar does not promote greater protection in case of additional treatment with 3-AT. This demonstrates the importance of the CAT system. In this work, complete results indicate that there is a difference between the signaling and the effects caused by exposure to H2O2 and by treatment with 3-AT

Pilar Feijóo Portero. Constelaciones en la Educación. Constelaciones familiares en la eduación: Un experiencia de supervisión de casos

Pilar Feijóo Portero. Constelaciones en la Educación. Constelaciones familiares en la eduación: Un experiencia de supervisión de casos

Simulação computacional de medidas estereológicas em estruturas de metal duro (WC-Co)

This work focuses on the creation and applications of a dynamic simulation software in order to study the hard metal structure (WC-Co). The technological ground used to increase the GPU hardware capacity was Geforce 9600 GT along with the PhysX chip created to make games more realistic. The software simulates the three-dimensional carbide structure to the shape of a cubic box where tungsten carbide (WC) are modeled as triangular prisms and truncated triangular prisms. The program was proven effective regarding checking testes, ranging from calculations of parameter measures such as the capacity to increase the number of particles simulated dynamically. It was possible to make an investigation of both the mean parameters and distributions stereological parameters used to characterize the carbide structure through cutting plans. Grounded on the cutting plans concerning the analyzed structures, we have investigated the linear intercepts, the intercepts to the area, and the perimeter section of the intercepted grains as well as the binder phase to the structure by calculating the mean value and distribution of the free path. As literature shows almost consensually that the distribution of the linear intercepts is lognormal, this suggests that the grain distribution is also lognormal. Thus, a routine was developed regarding the program which made possible a more detailed research on this issue. We have observed that it is possible, under certain values for the parameters which define the shape and size of the Prismatic grain to find out the distribution to the linear intercepts that approach the lognormal shape. Regarding a number of developed simulations, we have observed that the distribution curves of the linear and area intercepts as well as the perimeter section are consistent with studies on static computer simulation to these parameters.

O esverdeamento da economia e os tributos verdes : um duro caminho rumo à sustentabilidade da gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU)

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2013.

FEIJÃO-GUANDU: uma boa opção para sua alimentação.

Por que o guandu é bom; Que tipo de guandu deve ser plantado; Quais são as vantagens do guandu 'Petrolina'; Onde plantar; Quando e como plantar; Como cuidar da planta do guandu; Quando colher; Como guardar os grãos; Como preparar o guandu; Use o guandu 'Petrolina' na alimentação animal

Uma experiência de consulta a setores de interesse no caso do feijão transgênico.

2009

Desempenho de variedades crioulas e comerciais de feijão-macassar ou feijão-caupi no agreste paraibano.

2016

Resposta do feijoeiro irrigado à inoculação em fazendas do GTEC-feijão em Unaí-MG: safras 2012 e 2013.

A inoculação das sementes de feijão é aplicável não apenas a pequenos agricultores familiares, mas também a produtores do agronegócio que adotam altos níveis tecnológicos visando produtividades elevadas. Na terceira safra de 2012 e 2013 foram conduzidos, sob irrigação, dois experimentos no âmbito do Grupo Executivo do Feijão (GTEC-Feijão) na fazenda Guaribas, Unaí-MG.

Variabilidade de nodulação em genótipos de feijoeiro comum do banco germoplasma da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genotípica da capacidade de nodulação em materiais presentes em duas coleções nucleares do banco de germoplasma da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão.

Germinação de sementes de feijão submetidas à submersão em água.

2015

FEIJÃO-CAUPI: melhoramento genético para o avanço da cultura.

O feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L Walp.), conhecido também como feijão-de-corda ou feijão-macassar, é uma cultura originária da África que chegou ao Brasil pelas mãos dos portugueses, no século XVI. Começou a ser produzido na Bahia, disseminando-se por todo o Nordeste e depois para as demais regiões do País. A produção de feijão-caupi concentra-se nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste, mas o consumo do produto é maior nas duas primeiras, onde, junto com o arroz, forma a base da alimentação da população. Esse produto é de grande importância tanto como alimento quanto como gerador de emprego e renda. Rico em proteína, minerais e fibras constitui-se num componente básico para alimentação das populações rurais e urbanas das regiões Norte e Nordeste, onde sua produção é feita por empresários e agricultores familiares que ainda utilizam práticas tradicionais. Na região Centro-Oeste, onde passou a ser cultivado em larga escala a partir de 2006, a produção provém principalmente de médios e grandes empresários que cultivam de maneira tecnificada. A expansão da cultura é resultado do desenvolvimento de variedades em sistema de cultivo totalmente mecanizado, a exemplo das cultivares com arquitetura de planta moderna, de porte semiereto e ereto, com ramos e pedúnculos curtos; variedades de ciclo de maturação mais precoce e uniforme, além da melhoria genética da qualidade de grão (cor, forma e tamanho). Tudo isso possibilitou a adaptação do produto para alcançar mercados com interesse nos mais diversos tipos de feijão-caupi, cooperando para sua expansão no Brasil e também no exterior. Nos cerrados, o feijão-caupi tem sido utilizado como opção para a segunda safra (safrinha), após o cultivo da soja e do arroz e em alguns locais, como cultura principal. A oferta de um produto com baixo custo, padronizado, de alta qualidade, alto valor nutritivo, em maior quantidade e com regularidade de produção vem despertando o interesse de agroindustriais de outras regiões, contribuindo para a abertura de novos mercados, fortalecendo a exportação.