865 resultados para empirical data


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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

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A utilização do corpo como instrumento de culto e louvor, em técnicas de cura ou de outros tipos, por católicos carismáticos, que tem despertado tanta atenção, também por sua exibição na mídia (através da atuação de ministros como o padre Marcelo Rossi, no Brasil), permite uma reflexão e um estudo comparativo com outras formas de culto, entre as quais aquelas com características xamânicas, como a pajelança rural amazônica (não indígena) e as religiões afro-brasileiras. Partindo da noção de técnicas corporais, formulada por Marcel Mauss, e lidando com conceitos de autores como Merleau Ponty, Pierre Bourdieu e Thomas Csordas, o artigo analisa parte do material empírico coletado pelo autor em sua pesquisa de campo, que tem como locus a cidade de Belém e a região do Salgado, na Amazônia Oriental brasileira.

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Este artigo analisa experiências protagonizadas por comunidades cujos modos de vida geram e se sustentam em conhecimentos tradicionais em face de tentativas de implementação de um regime global de propriedade intelectual. Estudos de caso sobre quebradeiras de coco babaçu, no estado do Maranhão, e produtores de queijo serrano, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, revelam significados da tradição implícita no conhecimento que se pretende proteger. Dados empíricos, analisados jurídica e antropologicamente, evidenciam, apesar de aparente progresso na legislação, ameaças a múltiplas dimensões de modos de vida fundados em territórios tradicionais. Argumenta-se que, sem a imediata e integral aplicação da Convenção OIT 169, invertem-se os efeitos da incorporação de convenções internacionais no ordenamento jurídico nacional, a exemplo da Convenção da Diversidade Biológica. Conclui-se que as comunidades tradicionais resistem à ilegal apropriação de seus conhecimentos, enquanto setores privados neles interessados utilizam-se do estado de direito para legalizar sua pilhagem.

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A tese de livre-docência ora apresentada para discussão pública tem como objetivo central perquirir o contraditório debate entre o Serviço Social, Marx e parte de sua tradição, analisando as tensões e as necessidades dessa interlocução intensificada na segunda metade da década de 1960, durante o aprofundamento da autocracia burguesa no Brasil. O estudo destaca os principais desafios de ordem teórico-prática que assolam o Serviço Social brasileiro como uma profissão que surgiu na ordem burguesa monopólica, ainda sob o padrão de acumulação fordista, e que se modernizou com o amadurecimento dessa sociabilidade a partir da segunda metade da década de 1950. O que se pretende é, precisamente, polemizar sobre as potencialidades e os problemas para que se estabeleça um debate propositivo entre a teoria social de Marx, seu legado e o Serviço Social no Brasil, considerando-se os desafios relacionados com o que, genericamente, e até vulgarmente, tem sido identificado como “processos emancipatórios” e de “resistência” no âmbito da atuação profissional do assistente social. Esta tese é produto de pelo menos doze anos de estudo e da objetivação de inúmeras análises em diferentes artigos, trabalhos e comunicações realizadas em diversos congressos de Serviço Social, bem como é auxiliada por uma pesquisa mantida pelo autor junto ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), com bolsa Produtividade em Pesquisa da área de Serviço Social. O estudo recolhe e analisa, para tanto, parte dos dados empíricos cuja coleta foi prevista no projeto da pesquisa supracitada, sobretudo por meio de entrevistas realizadas e questionários respondidos por expoentes do Serviço Social brasileiro, por profissionais que atuam na área da assistência social (especificamente nos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social e nos Centros de Referência...

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The present work intends to situate in a psychoanalytical way the relationship between teacher and student in the human sphere. For such a purpose, two data sources will be compared and mixed up, so to say: empirical data collected from school students and teachers; and a theoretical-figurative model concerning questions we focused on, as well. As a result, very important reflexions and statements on the problem are expected to be made, therefore enriching the teaching practice

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The Brazilian automotive industry has undergone profound changes during the 90’s decade, as a consequence of the market opening up through the liberation of automobile imports. The exposure of the Brazilian domestic market to competition with imported products of high quality and lower prices indicated the need for significant changes in those auto industries operating in this country, with the intention of making them competitive. To achieve these objectives management and production concepts were adopted, such as: the just-in-time philosophy; lean manufacturing; outsourcing; reengineering and increasing the rate of automation in both production and management systems. These changes helped to increase productivity and, in turn, reduced the level of employment in the sector, especially in activities where the required qualification levels were low. Despite this modernization, the Brazilian companies have committed themselves to meet the specific needs of the Brazilian market. The objective of this paper is to analyze and present manufacturing strategies from six manufacturers of automotive vehicles: Toyota in Japan, Fiat in Italy, Volkswagen in Brazil and Germany and General Motors in the U.S. and Brazil. The predominant method of research was from reviewing relevant literature, whereas the empirical data was analyzed qualitatively. The article seeks to identify the manufacturing strategies adopted by manufacturers located in the above countries, electing one automotive manufacturer to represent each country. The research demonstrated that the processes for production of automobiles in four plants located in, the U.S. (GM); Italy (Fiat); Japan (Toyota) and Germany (VW) are similar to those adopted in Brazilian industrial plants of the same companies (GM and VW), with differences of operations only in the business strategies adopted by each of them.

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Seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) is a conceptual framework that aims at quantifying the contribution of seed dispersal vectors to plant fitness. While it is well recognized that diplochorous dispersal systems, characterized by two successive dispersal steps performed by two different vectors (Phase I=primary seed dispersal and Phase II=secondary seed dispersal) which are common in temperate and tropical regions, little attention has been given to distinguishing the relative contribution of one-phase and two-phase dispersal to overall SDE. This conceptual gap probably results from the lack of a clear methodology to include Phase II dispersal into the calculation of SDE and to quantify its relative contribution. We propose a method to evaluate the relative contribution of one-phase and two-phase dispersal to SDE and determine whether two seed dispersers are better than one. To do so, we used the SDE landscape and an extension of the SDE landscape, the Phase II effect landscape, which measures the direction and magnitude of the Phase II dispersal effect on overall SDE. We used simulated and empirical data from a diplochorous dispersal system in the Peruvian Amazon to illustrate this new approach. Our approach provides the relative contribution of one-phase SDE (SDE1) and two-phase SDE (SDE2) to overall SDE and quantifies how much SDE changes with the addition of Phase II dispersal. Considering that the seed dispersal process is context dependent so that Phase II depends on Phase I, we predict the possible range of variation of SDE according to the variation of the probability of Phase II dispersal. In our specific study system composed of two primate species as primary dispersal vectors and different species of dung beetles as secondary dispersal vectors, the relative contribution of SDE1 and SDE2 to overall SDE varied between plant species. We discuss the context dependency of the Phase II dispersal and the potential applications of our approach. This extension to the conceptual framework of SDE enables quantitative evaluation of the effect of Phase II dispersal on plant fitness and can be easily adapted to other biotic and/or abiotic diplochorous dispersal systems.

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The main goal of this work is to build a sketch on how language is used in mathematics classrooms. We specifically try to understand how teachers use language in order to share meanings with their students. We initially present our main intentions, summarizing some studies that are close to our purposes. The two theoretical frameworks which support our study – the Model of Semantic Fields and the Wittgensteinian “games of language” – are then presented and discussed about their similarities and distinctions. Our empirical data are some classroom activities recorded and turned into “clips”. Such clips were transcribed and our analysis was based on these transcriptions. Data analysis – developed according to our theoretical framework – allowed us to build the so-called “events” and, then, comment on some understandings on how language can be used in mathematics classrooms.

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In this paper we propose the achievement of an interdisciplinary activity evolving biology and mathematics knowledge with students of the third grade of high school about the population growth theme. The goal of this activity is to offer to the students a wider perception about the ways of population growth of different organisms from their home region, helping them to represent it through mathematics models. The formulation of the research problem is done from the theoretical and empirical data and the student is encouraged to behave in a participative and dialogic way in all stages of the activity. The mathematical modeling and the graphic representation of the population growth are made through the mathematical software Geogebra and we emphasize the qualitative analysis of the data from the biological and environmental education point of view.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This paper discusses methodological issues in educational research with young children. It approaches qualitative ethnographic research, highlighting participant observation as one of the most appropriate strategies for research developed in schools for children in the first two years of basic education, in other words, students between six and seven years old. It is suggested that ethnographic research and participant observation can diminish the differences between observer (adult) and observed (kids), when considering the peer culture in childhood , allowing the researcher to insert itself in a more properly way on a cultural reality of a given group. Furthermore, it is necessary to respect ethical principles, consider the specificities of young children and use various strategies to generate empirical data in order to enable them to participate more actively in educational research in which the object of study is childhood. Thus, young children could be recognized as producers of knowledge and subject of the investigative process.