Estratègies de marketing per assolir l'èxit : llançament d'una revista per a joves

Actualment, en aquesta societat és difícil introduir un nou producte al mercat degut alshàbits de consum adquirits per la població. Per tal de superar aquests obstacles, el marketing actual s'ha tornat més complex i sofisticat. Per tot això, s’analitzaran els passos que s'han de seguir per tenir èxit a l'hora de llançar un nou producte.Per començar, s’enfocarà el tema en un únic producte, una revista dirigida a un públic entre 16 i 30 anys aproximadament. Així doncs, es suposarà una situació fictícia on una empresa independent, que està intentant introduir una nova publicació al mercat de la premsa escrita, contractarà un estudi de marketing per decidir els continguts de la revista, a quin tipus de consumidors estarà dirigida i analitzar els punts forts i febles de la competència per saber quina directriu hauria de seguir l’estratègia comercial.Seguidament, es decidirà la marca de la revista: el títol i el disseny del logotip. El preu òptim de llançament, els mitjans de comunicació que s’utilitzarien per donar a conèixer la revista, quins canals de distribució es seguirien i quins serien els punts de venda. Per tot això, es realitzaran enquestes i es faran diversos estudis sobre l’entorn general de l’empresa i la situació actual del sector.Amb tot això volem aconseguir el següent objectiu: ¿Quines estratègies de marketings'haurien de seguir per assolir l'èxit?

Collective Marketing Arrangements for Geographically Differentiated Agricultural Products: Welfare Impacts and Policy Implications, May 2006

This paper examines the incentive of atomistic agricultural producers within a specific geographical region to differentiate and collectively market products. We develop a model that allows us to analyze the market and welfare effects of the main types of real-world producer organizations, using it to derive economic insights regarding the circumstances under which these organizations will evolve, and describing implications of the results obtained in the context of an ongoing debate between the European Union and United States. As the anticipated fixed costs of development and marketing increase and the anticipated size of the market falls, it becomes essential to increase the ability of the producer organization to control supply in order to ensure the coverage of fixed costs. Whenever a collective organization allows a market (with a new product) to exist that otherwise would not have existed there is an increase in societal welfare. Counterintuitively, stronger property right protection for producer organizations may be welfare enhancing even after a differentiated product has been developed. The reason for this somewhat paradoxical result is that legislation aimed at curtailing the market power of producer organizations may induce large technological distortions.

Iowa Turkey Marketing Council, Independent Auditor's Reports, Financial Statement, Schedule of Findings, December 31, 2004 & 2005

State Audit Reports

Direct cost of connecting, maintaining and disconnecting patient-controlled analgesia pump

Quantitative research that aimed to identify the mean total cost (MTC) of connecting, maintaining and disconnecting patient-controlled analgesia pump (PCA) in the management of pain. The non-probabilistic sample corresponded to the observation of 81 procedures in 17 units of the Central Institute of the Clinics Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo. We calculated the MTC multiplying by the time spent by nurses at a unit cost of direct labor, adding the cost of materials and medications/solutions. The MTC of connecting was R$ 107.91; maintenance R$ 110.55 and disconnecting R$ 4.94. The results found will subsidize discussions about the need to transfer money from the Unified Health System to hospitals units that perform this technique of analgesic therapy and it will contribute to the cost management aimed at making efficient and effective decision-making in the allocation of available resources.

Comunicação de Marketing na Formação da Imagem dos Destinos Turísticos: o caso de Cabo Verde

Segundo a Organização Mundial do Turismo (OMT), o turismo é a maior indústria do séc. XXI gerando anualmente milhares de milhões de dólares em divisas para a economia de inúmeros países. Por apresentar um conjunto de características muito específicas, o sucesso desta actividade é fortemente condicionado pela imagem que os turistas e potenciais turistas apresentam relativamente a um determinado destino. Apesar de existirem muitos factores que interferem na formação desta imagem, a comunicação de marketing é apontada, pelos investigadores, como um dos elementos que desempenha um papel crucial neste âmbito. O objecto do presente trabalho de investigação é a comunicação de marketing na formação da imagem dos destinos turísticos particularizando o arquipélago de Cabo Verde. O principal objectivo da pesquisa, é analisar a eficácia da comunicação de marketing de três organizações (Cabo Verde – Investimentos, União Nacional dos Operadores Turísticos e operador Soltropico), na promoção do arquipélago de Cabo Verde, enquanto destino turístico, no mercado português. Para a realização deste estudo empírico, foram definidas três hipóteses. Essas hipóteses foram testadas através do cruzamento da informação proveniente de uma entrevista realizada aos directores de marketing de cada uma das três organizações, com os dados obtidos a partir da análise de conteúdo dos instrumentos de comunicação que têm vindo a ser utilizados pelas respectivas entidades para promover o destino e com as respostas de um conjunto de 115 turistas portugueses, a um questionário cujo assunto se encontra relacionado com os principais atributos de Cabo Verde enquanto destino de férias. A investigação realizada permitiu verificar que, de uma forma geral, existe uma sintonia entre os atributos de Cabo Verde que as organizações têm intenção de divulgar, os atributos deste destino que são transmitidos pelos seus instrumentos comunicação e os principais atributos do arquipélago indicados pelos turistas portugueses. Contudo, os resultados do estudo revelam também a necessidade de se introduzir algumas correcções a nível de conteúdos e imagens que se encontram presentes nos instrumentos de comunicação de algumas das organizações, visando a criação de uma imagem mais atractiva deste destino.

Comunicação de Marketing na Formação da Imagem dos Destinos Turísticos: o caso de Cabo Verde

Segundo a Organização Mundial do Turismo (OMT), o turismo é a maior indústria do séc. XXI gerando anualmente milhares de milhões de dólares em divisas para a economia de inúmeros países. Por apresentar um conjunto de características muito específicas, o sucesso desta actividade é fortemente condicionado pela imagem que os turistas e potenciais turistas apresentam relativamente a um determinado destino. Apesar de existirem muitos factores que interferem na formação desta imagem, a comunicação de marketing é apontada, pelos investigadores, como um dos elementos que desempenha um papel crucial neste âmbito. O objecto do presente trabalho de investigação é a comunicação de marketing na formação da imagem dos destinos turísticos particularizando o arquipélago de Cabo Verde. O principal objectivo da pesquisa, é analisar a eficácia da comunicação de marketing de três organizações (Cabo Verde – Investimentos, União Nacional dos Operadores Turísticos e operador Soltropico), na promoção do arquipélago de Cabo Verde, enquanto destino turístico, no mercado português. Para a realização deste estudo empírico, foram definidas três hipóteses. Essas hipóteses foram testadas através do cruzamento da informação proveniente de uma entrevista realizada aos directores de marketing de cada uma das três organizações, com os dados obtidos a partir da análise de conteúdo dos instrumentos de comunicação que têm vindo a ser utilizados pelas respectivas entidades para promover o destino e com as respostas de um conjunto de 115 turistas portugueses, a um questionário cujo assunto se encontra relacionado com os principais atributos de Cabo Verde enquanto destino de férias. A investigação realizada permitiu verificar que, de uma forma geral, existe uma sintonia entre os atributos de Cabo Verde que as organizações têm intenção de divulgar, os atributos deste destino que são transmitidos pelos seus instrumentos comunicação e os principais atributos do arquipélago indicados pelos turistas portugueses. Contudo, os resultados do estudo revelam também a necessidade de se introduzir algumas correcções a nível de conteúdos e imagens que se encontram presentes nos instrumentos de comunicação de algumas das organizações, visando a criação de uma imagem mais atractiva deste destino.

A non-randomized direct comparison of cognitive-behavioral short- and long-term treatment for binge eating disorder

Background: To compare treatment outcomes of a cognitive-behavioral long-term (CBT-L) and short-term (CBT-S) treatment for binge eating disorder (BED) in a non-randomized comparison and to identify moderators of treatment outcome. Methods: 76 female patients with BED participated in the study: 40 in CBT-L and 36 in CBT-S. Outcome values were compared at the end of the active treatment phase (16 sessions for CBT-L, 8 sessions for CBT-S) and at 12-month follow-up. Results: Both treatments produced significant reductions in binge eating. At the end of active treatment, but not at the end of follow-up, effects of primary outcomes (e.g. remission from binge eating, EDE shape concern) were better for CBT-L than for CBT-S. Dropout rates were significantly higher in CBT-L (35%) than in CBT-S (14%). Moderator analyses revealed that treatment efficacy for rapid responders and individuals exhibiting high scores on the mixed dietary negative affect subtype differed between the CBT-L and CBT-S with respect to objective binges, restraint eating and eating concern. Conclusion: Findings suggest that CBT in general represents an effective treatment for BED, but that subgroups of patients might profit more from a prolonged treatment. Short, lessintensive CBT treatments could nevertheless be a viable option in the treatment of BED.

Direct Cost of Reprocessing Cotton-woven Surgical Drapes: a Case Study

OBJECTIVE Identify the direct cost of reprocessing double and single cotton-woven drapes of the surgical LAP package. METHOD A quantitative, exploratory and descriptive case study, performed at a teaching hospital. The direct cost of reprocessing cotton-woven surgical drapes was calculated by multiplying the time spent by professionals involved in reprocessing the unit with the direct cost of labor, adding to the cost of materials. The Brazilian currency (R$) originally used for the calculations was converted to US currency at the rate of US$0.42/R$. RESULTS The average total cost for surgical LAP package was US$9.72, with the predominance being in the cost of materials (US$8.70 or 89.65%). It is noteworthy that the average total cost of materials was mostly impacted by the cost of the cotton-woven drapes (US$7.99 or 91.90%). CONCLUSION The knowledge gained will subsidize discussions about replacing reusable cotton-woven surgical drapes for disposable ones, favoring arguments regarding the advantages and disadvantages of this possibility considering human resources, materials, as well as structural, environmental and financial resources.

Campaign effects in direct-democratic votes in Switzerland

The purpose of this article is to analyse the conditions under which referendum campaigns have an impact on voting choices. Based on a model of opinion formation that integrates both campaign effects and partisan effects, we argue that campaign effects vary according to the context of the popular vote (size and type of conflict among the party elite and intensity and direction of the referendum campaign). We test our hypotheses with two-step estimations for hierarchical models on data covering 25 popular votes on foreign, European and immigration policy in Switzerland. Our results show strong campaign effects and they suggest that their strength and nature are indeed highly conditional on the context of the vote: the type of party coalition pre-structures the patterns of individual voting choices, campaign effects are higher when the campaign is highly intense and they are more symmetric when it is balanced.

Audit report on the Iowa Turkey Marketing Council for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005

Audit report on the Iowa Turkey Marketing Council for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005

Mutation identification by direct comparison of whole-genome sequencing data from mutant and wild-type individuals using k-mers.

Genes underlying mutant phenotypes can be isolated by combining marker discovery, genetic mapping and resequencing, but a more straightforward strategy for mapping mutations would be the direct comparison of mutant and wild-type genomes. Applying such an approach, however, is hampered by the need for reference sequences and by mutational loads that confound the unambiguous identification of causal mutations. Here we introduce NIKS (needle in the k-stack), a reference-free algorithm based on comparing k-mers in whole-genome sequencing data for precise discovery of homozygous mutations. We applied NIKS to eight mutants induced in nonreference rice cultivars and to two mutants of the nonmodel species Arabis alpina. In both species, comparing pooled F2 individuals selected for mutant phenotypes revealed small sets of mutations including the causal changes. Moreover, comparing M3 seedlings of two allelic mutants unambiguously identified the causal gene. Thus, for any species amenable to mutagenesis, NIKS enables forward genetics without requiring segregating populations, genetic maps and reference sequences.

Biological markers of alcohol consumption in alcoholised drivers: Comparison of capillary electrophoresis (CZE CDT) and a direct immunoassay (N Latex CDT) with the traditional method of anion-exchange chromatography-immunoturbidimetry (%CDT TIA).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare specificity and sensitivity of different biological markers that can be used in a forensic field to identify potentially dangerous drivers because of their alcohol habits. Methods: We studied 280 Swiss drivers after driving while under the alcohol influence. 33 were excluded for not having CDT N results, 247 were included (218 men (88%) and 29 women (12%). Mean age was 42,4 (SD:12, min: 20 max: 76). The evaluation of the alcohol consumption concerned the month before the CDT test and was considered as such after the interview: Heavy drinkers (>3 drinks per day): 60 (32.7%), < 3 drinks per day and moderate: 127 (51.4%) 114 (46.5%), abstinent: 60 (24.3%) 51 (21%). Alcohol intake was monitored by structured interviews, self-reported drinking habits and the C-Audit questionnaire as well as information provided by their family and general practitioner. Consumption was quantified in terms of standard drinks, which contain approximately 10 grams of pure alcohol (Ref. WHO). Results: comparison between moderate (less or equal to 3 drinks per day) and excessive drinkers (more than 3 drinks) Marker ROC area 95% CI cut-off sensitivity specificity CDT TIA 0.852 0.786-0917 2.6* 0.93 LR+1.43 0.35 LR-0.192 CDT N latex 0.875 0.821-0.930 2.5* 0.66 LR+ 6.93 0.90 LR- 0.369 Asialo+disialo-tf 0.881 0.826-0.936 1.2* 0.78 LR+4.07 0.80 LR-0.268 1.7° 0.66 LR+8.9 0.93 LR-0.360 GGT 0.659 0.580-0.737 85* 0.37 LR+2.14 0.83 LR-0.764 * cut-off point suggested by the manufacturer ° cut-off point suggested by our laboratory Conclusion: With the cut-off point established by the manufacturer, CDT TIA performed poorly in term of specificity. N latex CDT and CZE CDT were better, especially if a 1.7 cut-off is used with CZE

Surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty: direct lateral or posterior?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risks of prosthesis dislocation, postoperative Trendelenburg gait, and sciatic nerve palsy after a posterior approach compared to a direct lateral approach for adult patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) for primary osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Medline, Embase, CINHAL, and Cochrane databases were searched until August 2003. All published trials comparing posterior and direct lateral surgical approaches to THA in adults with a diagnosis of primary hip osteoarthritis were collected. Retrieved articles were assessed independently for their methodological quality. RESULTS: Four prospective cohort studies involving 241 participants met the inclusion criteria. Regarding dislocation rate, no significant difference between posterior and direct lateral surgical approach was found (relative risk 0.35). The presence of postoperative Trendelenburg gait was not significantly different between surgical approaches. The risk of nerve palsy or injury was significantly higher with the direct lateral approach (relative risk 0.16). However, there were no significant differences when comparing this risk nerve by nerve, in particular for the sciatic nerve. Of the other outcomes considered, only the average range of internal rotation in extension of the hip was significantly higher (weighted mean difference 16 degrees ) in the posterior approach group (mean 35 degrees, SD 13 degrees ) compared to the direct lateral approach (mean 19 degrees, SD 13 degrees ). CONCLUSION: The quality and quantity of information extracted from the trials performed to date are insufficient to make a firm conclusion on the optimum choice of surgical approach for adult patients undergoing primary THA for OA.