999 resultados para controle biológico natural
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV
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Currently, the major method for controlling leaf-cutting ants uses toxic baits containing the insecticide sulfluramide. Such compound presents harmful effects to the environment and to human health, which drive the community’s concerns towards new strategies for controlling these insects. Previous studies showed the occurrence of Syncephalastrum racemosum in nests of the leaf-cutting ants submitted to treatments using insecticides. In order to understand the role of S. racemosum in nests of leaf-cutting ants, the present work investigated the antagonism of S. racemosum towards the leaf-cutting ant-cultivar (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus). Using in vitro essays, we co-cultivated L. gongylophorus and S. racemosum (n= 6 lineages). For comparison, we also used the same setup to test one strain of Escovopsis weberi, since this fungus is considered a specialized parasite of the leaf-cutting ant cultivar. All S. racemosum strains inhibited the growth of L. gongylophorus (ANOVA 2 way, F= 23,61, P< 0,01). The same was observed for E. weberi. There were no significant difference between S. racemosum and E. weberi inhibition (Bonferroni test, P> 0,05). In addition, we verified that all S. racemosum strains colonized and sporulated over the fungus garden up to 96 h after garden fragments without workers were inoculated with spores suspensions. Similar results were observed on gardens that were inoculated with spores of E. weberi. The results indicate that S. racemosum act as antagonist of the leaf-cutting ant cultivar. The putative possibility for using S. racemosum as biological control agent of leaf-cutting ants is discussed in the present work
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A grande diversidade das formigas implica na enorme variedade de hábitats de nidificação, preferências alimentares e comportamento social com divisão de trabalho, além da estruturação de seu ninho que por sua vez, podem revelar parte de sua história evolutiva. Camponotus textor é uma espécie tecelã, a qual constrói seu ninho a partir da seda produzida pelas suas próprias larvas, garantindo um dos mais notáveis exemplos de cooperação social. É uma formiga arborícola e de grande importância para a agricultura, já que pode nidificar no cafeeiro (Coffea arabica) e ser usada como agente de controle biológico impedindo o estabelecimento de outras pragas. Atualmente, existem poucos estudos abordando comportamento, fisiologia, genética, endossimbiontes e filogenia desse grupo. Segundo dados da literatura, o DNA mitocondrial tem sido utilizado em análises de filogenia devido ao ótimo número de cópias por célula, altas taxas mutacionais e pouca ou nenhuma recombinação. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho visa realizar o sequenciamento de um fragmento do DNA mitocondrial de populações distintas de Camponotus textor para ser utilizado como marcador molecular, tornandose uma ferramenta para diferenciação de populações e determinação das relações filogenéticas entre outras espécies de formigas relacionadas. Foi feita a extração do DNA em TNES (Tris, NaCl, EDTA, SDS), seguida da amplificação da região COI (citocromo oxidase I) do DNA mitocondrial utilizando-se os primers elaborados para este trabalho e o sequencimento foi realizado no 3130 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). As seqüências obtidas foram editadas no BioEdit, e posteriormente comparadas com o banco de dados GenBank, utilizando-se a ferramenta BLAST, e assim a construção da análise filogenética através do programa MEGA. Foi possível a separação das cinco populações em duas linhagens distantes geograficamente
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Volleyball is a sport in which the laterality dominant limb shows superior strength and coordination because of its preferential use. Asymmetrical tendencies during the landing after the jump when striking or blocking actions are predominant for most part of game (ARRUDA; EDUARDO, 2008). Adaptations include imbalance of forces in static and dynamic motions at the knee joint, which increases risk for injury. Also, asymmetries in balance control during jumping and landing associate with a general postural instability that can be observed during static balance tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between unequal lower limb strength (muscle imbalance) and postural stability levels in volleyball athletes and non-athletes. Nine female volleyball athletes and 10 active non-athletes participated in this study. Four encouters with participants were scheduled: three encounters in the bodybuilding gymnasium to collect anthropometric measures (weight, height for BMI, thigh circumference, which provided an initial diagnosis about asymmetry), and to perform the isometric strength test (i.e., leg press using a load cell and a force transducer to calculate uni an bilateral strength). The last encounter was in the laboratory where a balance test on a force platform was administered under five test conditions, with three repetitions each: baseline (natural standing position), one-leg standing, right side, with full vision (D_CV), and blindfolded (D_SV), one-leg standing, left side, with full vision (E_CV), and blindfolded (E_SV). The stability levels were evaluated using the path length parameters which was based on the total displacement of the center of pressure (DTCP). . Both groups shows asymmetric strength levels between legs, with better performance for the right leg. An ANOVA three way using the DTCP for the CV condition, legs (D x E), trials (3) with repeated measures for the first two factors and with a between (three)...
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The majority of the population knows their role in dengue control, preventing the accumulation of water in containers as potential breeding sites of Aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue. Also known chemical control, widely used by the institutions responsible for the control of endemic diseases. On the other hand, unaware that an alternative measure such biological control through a microbial biopesticide, safe, harmless to health and the environment, can be adopted. Thus, this work reported for elementary school students, simply and clearly, the biological control of mosquitoes through bacterial biopesticide produced locally. Moreover, promoted the interdisciplinary teaching of science and mathematics through the data tabulation and charting on interviews conducted by students, about the level of knowledge of the population about dengue and other related variables.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV